重建SCID小鼠免疫功能对肝癌抗原的体液免疫应答

为在ＳＣＩＤ小鼠体内获得人免疫Ｂ淋巴细胞，将１２～１４周龄的胎儿肝细胞（１～２）×１０１０／Ｌ腹腔注射于ＳＣＩＤ小鼠，然后再分次接种肝癌细胞。用ＥＬＩＳＡ法于第４，５，６周连续检测ＳＣＩＤ－ｈｕ小鼠血清人ＩｇＧ；用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测各种组织中的人淋巴细胞。各实验小鼠均检测到人ＩｇＧ的存在，最高为３９１μｇ／Ｌ，且随时间的延长呈上升趋势。在ＳＣＩＤ－ｈｕ小鼠肝、脾及腹腔接种瘤组织的周边，可见人ＣＤ３＋和ＣＤ２０＋的淋巴细胞。上述结果表明，用人胎肝细胞移植可在ＳＣＩＤ小鼠体内获得人淋巴细胞，并对人肝癌细胞抗原产生免疫应答，分泌一定水平的抗人肝癌的抗体。提示：用人胎肝细胞在ＳＣＩＤ小鼠体内可建立人免疫系统的部分功能。     

Hu—TLC—SCID小鼠的建立及其对2型登革病毒的免疫应答

利用２型登革病毒（ＤＶ２）体外免疫人扁桃腺淋巴细胞（Ｈｕ－ＴＬＣ）移植给ＳＣＩＤ小鼠，以建立Ｈｕ－ＴＬＣ－ＳＣＩＤ小鼠。并用不同剂量灭活ＤＶ２加强免疫，观察小鼠对ＤＶ２的免疫应答。结果表明，移植Ｈｕ－ＴＬＣ后第２周起，可在Ｈｕ－ＴＬＣ－ＳＣＩＤ小鼠血清中检出入ＩｇＧ，最高达４１２．８６μｇ／ｍｌ。移植后次日用不同剂量灭活ＤＶ２加强免疫，每２周加强１次，首次加强免疫后第２周，Ｈｕ－ＴＬＣ－ＳＣＩＤ小鼠血清中出现抗ＤＶ２特异性人ＩｇＭ；第４周起有特异性人ＩｇＧ产生，最高达１：６４００。其含量和产生动态与抗原量有关。     

人醛缩酶A单克隆抗体的制备及应用

纯化并鉴定了人醛缩酶Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ（ｈＡＬＤ－Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ）。用ｈＡＬＤ－Ａ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ小鼠，将免疫的脾细胞和Ｐ＿３－Ｘ＿（６３）－Ａｇ８．６５３骨髓瘤细胞用ＰＥＧ进行融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选，ｈＡＬＤ－Ｂ、Ｃ作阴性对照，将阳性反应的杂交瘤细胞进行克隆，获得３株杂交瘤细胞株。其ＭｃＡｂ的亚类分别为ＩｇＧ２ｂ，ＩｇＧ１、ＩｇＭ，亲合常数分别为７．５×１０￣（１０）、３．５×１０￣９、２．３×１０￣９。３株细胞株分泌的单抗通过Ｉｍｍｕｎｏｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ得到证实。用亲合层析法从人肝癌细胞中提纯了ＡＬＤ－Ａ，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示为单一区带，但其电泳迁移率较ｈＡＬＤ－Ａ滞后。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白T单克隆抗体的研制及鉴定

以人心肌肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ｃＴｎＴ）为抗原，采用脾内免疫法，免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾淋巴细胞与小鼠Ｓｐ２／０细胞融合，经间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选，三次克隆化后获得５株能稳定分泌抗ｃＴｎＴ单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的杂交瘤细胞Ｇ３、Ｇ８、Ｇ１０、Ａ５和Ａ７。免疫球蛋白亚类鉴定其中１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ，４株为ＩｇＭ。染色体数目９２～１１０条。将Ｇ３、Ｇ８、Ｇ１０、Ａ５的单克隆抗体腹水做１：１００稀释与ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＣＫＭＢ和ＧＯＴ等心肌酶均无交叉反应。５株ＭｃＡｂ的腹水效价为３．２×１０－６～１．６×１０－７。ＭｃＡｂ相加试验表明，Ａ５和Ｇ３可识别不同的抗原表位。     

太原地区妊娠期感染TORCH的母婴传播及围产儿结局

目的：探讨妊娠妇女ＴＯＲＣＨ感染的母婴间传播及其围产儿不良结局。方法：收集８８６例孕妇的静脉血及其新生儿脐血,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清ＴＯＲＣＨ－ＩｇＭ抗体和ＨＢｓＡｇ及梅毒血清抗体。结果：孕妇血ＴＯＸ（弓形体）、ＲＶ（风疹病毒）、ＣＭＶ（巨细胞病毒）、ＨＳＶ－２（单纯疱疹病毒２型）ＩｇＭ抗体和ＨＢｓＡｇ,梅毒血清抗体的阳性率分别为０．２％、０．３％、１．７％、１．０％、０．７％、０．１％。２９例孕     

腺病毒、合胞病毒对外周血单个核细胞的IL-2受体表达及TNFα产生的影响

近年来国内外均注意到细胞因子及受体与病毒感染的关系。作者用１００ＴＣＩＤ５０的７型腺病毒（ＡＤＶ）及呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）Ｌｏｎｇ株刺激正常人体外培养的外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＭＣ），ＡＰＡＡＰ法检测淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２受体阳性率，酶联免疫法检测淋巴细胞上清液的ＴＮＦａ。初步观察了ＡＤＶ、ＲＳＶ对人ＰＢＭＣ的ＩＬ－２受体表达、ＴＮＦα产生的影响。经２００Ｕｇ／ｍｌ的ＰＨＡ活化的ＰＢＭＣ加入ＡＤＶ、ＲＳＶ后对照组ＩＬ－２＋细胞百分率为３４．３％，ＡＤＶ组为１７．３％，ＲＳＶ组为１７％，较对照组均显著降低…     

牛膝多糖对小鼠体液免疫反应的增强作用

牛膝多糖（ＡＢＰ）是从传统中药牛膝根中分离得到的一有效成分。ＡＢＰｉｐ５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１×５ｄ能明显提高血清总ＩｇＧ及特异性抗体溶血素的含量，并增加脾脏ＰＦＣ数；还能对抗环孢霉素Ａ引起的ＰＦＣ及ＩｇＧ的下降。ＡＢＰ０．２～０．８ｇ·Ｌ－１体外能刺激小鼠脾细胞增殖，也能增强ＬＰＳ诱导的Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖。上述结果表明，ＡＢＰ能增强小鼠的体液免疫功能。     

降钙素基因相关肽单克隆抗体的研制及初步鉴定

以人工合成的降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）－牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）偶联物（ＣＧＲＰ－ＢＳＡ）为免疫原，用微量脾内免疫法免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠。取其免疫脾细胞与小鼠Ｓｐ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，经间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选、３次克隆化后，获得３株能稳定分泌抗ＣＧＲＰ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞３Ｂ４、７Ｅ１１和８Ｆ２。用琼脂双扩散法鉴定，３Ｂ４为ＩｇＧｌ亚类，７Ｅ１１和８Ｆ２均为ＩｇＭ类。杂交瘤细胞的染色体条数在９２￣     

老年脑血管病患者脂蛋白（α）检测及其临床意义

用放免的方法测定了５０例脑血管病（ＣＶＤ）患者血清脂蛋白（α）［Ｌｐ（α）］浓度，对比分析了患者Ｌｐ（α）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、脱脂蛋白Ａ－Ｉ（ａｐｏＡ－Ｉ）、ａｐｏＢ１００的浓度及变化，分析了Ｌｐ（α）浓度及ＴＧ、ＴＣ和胶脂蛋白的相关性。结果：ＣＶＤ患者血清Ｌｐ（α）浓度（０．２２４±０．０４ｇ／Ｌ），显著高于对     

用ELISA法快速检测病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中单纯疱疹病毒特异性抗原

用单纯疱疹病毒单克隆抗体（ＨＳＶ－ＭｃＡｂ）ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了６２例病毒性脑炎患儿脑脊液中ＨＳＶ特异性抗原（ＨＳＶ－Ａｇ），２０例其他脑神经系统疾患者。３２例脑炎患儿同时取脑脊液和血清作ＨＳＶ－ＩｇＧ抗体水平测定比较。病毒性脑炎患儿的ＨＳＶ－Ａｇ阳性检出率为２０．６％，与血清／脑脊液的ＨＳＶ－ＩｇＧ测定比较，灵敏性８４．６％，特异性９４．７％。用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测脑脊液中ＨＳＶ－Ａｇ是一种简便、快速、灵敏、特异的方法，对疱疹性脑炎具有早期诊断价值。     

SCID and Other PIDs

Neutrophil function defects;Neutropenia in childhood - general principals;Molecular and cellular bases of severe combined immune deficiency;Severe combined immunodeficiency （SCID） - disease model for the evaluation of allogenic hematopo＇ietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy;     

Spontaneous Abortion in Immunodeficient SCID Mice

PROBLEM: Immunodeficient SCID mice on the CB-17 have been used to test the role of “rejection” in a xenogeneic blastocyst transfer model of recurrent miscarriage, but interpretation of the data requires knowing syngeneic within-species matings have a high success rate and do not require immunotrophic factors expected only in immunocompetent non-T-cell deficient mice. METHOD: Resorption rates were studied in a SCID CB-17 barrier facility that provided the mice used to test the role of immunology in the resorption model. RESULTS: Spontaneous resorption in syngeneically mated immunodeficient SCID mice on the CB-17 background occurred at an unexpectedly high rate and could not be prevented by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody or GM-CSF, both of which are effective in ameliorating abortion in DBA/2J-mated CBA/J mice. Immunocompetent CB-17 +/+ mice showed an even higher rate of loss. The latter was also not affected by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody or by GM-CSF and was not prevented by tetracycline (which is effective in the DBA/2-CBA/J system) or progesterone treatment. Mating experiments showed a scid/+ × scid//+ cross gave the highest rate of loss, and it appeared that the presence of +/+-type embryos in the uterus could be augmenting abortion with selective discrimination against scid/scid embryos. High abortion rates were associated both with appearance of a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. in feces and with loss of one component of the SPF flora. Decidual tissue from mated CB-17 +/+ mice showed premature release of TNF-cc in absence of TGF-β2-related suppressor activity, and vascular lesions (fibrinoid necrosis), varying in extent, were associated with both scid/scid × scid/scid and +/+ × +/+ pregnancies. TNF-α also appeared prematurely in pregnant scid/scid mice, but the levels were lower (and areas of necrosis smaller than in +/+ × +/+ pregnancies). Outcrossing onto a C57B1/6 background dramatically reduced the abortion rate, indicating an important genetic effect on susceptibility with heterogeneity protecting against abortion. CONCLUSIONS: SCID mice on the CB-17 background do not have a high rate of successful syngeneic pregnancies, and a TNF-α induced vasculopathy may be responsible. Abortion was not caused by immunodeficiency leading to loss of immunotrophism because immunocompetent non-SCID CB-17 mice had a higher rate of loss. Factors augmenting the abortion rate included the presence of embryos of the +/+ genotype in the uterus and treatment with anti-asialo GM1 antibody. Abortion rates were not reduced by treatments effective in the DBA/2-mated CBA/J mouse model but were reduced by re-establishing a new colony with defined flora (a temporary effect) and by outcrossing mice with a different (C57B1/6) background. Together, the data suggest an infectious trigger (identity uncertain) of the vasculopathy and an important genetic influence on susceptibility with heterozygosity and a SCID mouse mutation providing against abortion a degree of protection.     

SCID mice as immune system models

C.B-17 scid/scid mice are born with severe combined immunodeficiency. This defect in the maturation of T and B cells has provided a novel experimental system in which to study normal lymphoid differentiation and function in mouse and man.     

Helicobacter-associated gastritis in SCID mice.

Immunodeficient (SCID) and immunocompetent mice were infected with Helicobacter felis to address the role of autoimmunity in Helicobacter-associated gastritis. The extents of inflammation were equivalent in the two groups. The numbers of H. felis organisms were marginally increased in the SCID mice but did not achieve statistical significance. These results indicate that autoimmunity is not necessary to induce disease and that the presence of an adaptive immune system does not significantly affect H. felis colonization.     

Immune-deficient SCID and NOD/SCID mice models as functional assays for studying normal and malignant human hematopoiesis

 Many events and requirements of the developmental program of human hematopoietic stem cells have not yet been discovered. A major impediment has been the lack of an appropriate experimental system. At present the conditions for maintaining human stem cells in vitro are not fully known. As a result within a short period the small stem cell pool is lost due to differentiation, making it difficult to examine the correlation between these cells and their function in vivo. Most of our knowledge of hematopoietic stem cells is from animal models in which purified stem cell canididates are assayed based on their functional ability to rescue lethally conditioned recipients. The permanent correction of many genetic disorders of the hematopoietic system requires efficient methods for introducing genes into stem cells in vitro. However, progress has been hindered by the absence of preclinical models that assay the repopulating capacity of primitive human cells. In addition, the development of therapy for malignant diseases also requires assays to identify the target leukemic stem cells based on their ability to initiate the disease. The recent development of methods to transplant or implant both normal and leukemic cells into immune-deficient mice provides the foundation for human stem cell assays. These models assay the repopulating capacity of primitive human cells and provide an important approach to identify and characterize human stem cells, both normal and leukemic. This review focuses on the development of functional assays for normal and leukemic human stem cells and on the new insights that these models are beginning to provide on the organization of the human stem cell hierarchy. Received: 27 January 1997 / Accepted: 3 April 1997     

Adenosine Deaminase Deficient SCID with Myocardial Hypertrophy

Journal of Clinical Immunology -     

SCID mouse model for lethal Q fever

Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, has many manifestations in humans. Endocarditis is the most serious complication of Q fever. Animal models are limited to acute pulmonary or hepatic disease and reproductive disorders. An appropriate experimental animal model for Q fever endocarditis does not yet exist. In this study, severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice infected with C. burnetii showed persistent clinical symptoms and died, whereas immunocompetent mice similarly infected became asymptomatic and survived. The SCID mice examined in this study had severe chronic lesions in their primary organs: the heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney. The heart lesions of the SCID mice were similar to those in humans with chronic Q fever endocarditis: they had focal calcification and expanded macrophages containing C. burnetii. The 50% lethal dose of C. burnetii in SCID mice was at least 10(8) times less than that in immunocompetent mice. The SCID mouse is highly susceptible to C. burnetii, and the immunodeficiency of the host enhances the severity of Q fever. This animal model could provide a new tool for the study of chronic Q fever and Q fever in immunodeficient hosts.