枸杞多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞信号系统的效应

对枸杞多糖发挥免疫调节效应的信号传导系统进行探讨，结果显示，５０￣４００μｇ／ｍＬ ＬＢＰ可剂量依赖性的升高小鼠淋巴细胞内ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ的水平，５０μｇ／ｍｌ可升高ＰＭＡ活化的脾淋巴细胞内ｃＧＭＰ的水平，另外，１００μｇ／ｍｌ ＬＢＰ可增加ＣｏｎＡ活化后的小鼠脾淋巴细胞膜上的ＰＫＣ活性，说明ＬＢＰ的作用途径可能是通过影响ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ系统以及促进的ＰＫＣ活性来发挥免疫调节效应的。     

雌酮诱导小鼠胸腺细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡

研究雌酮对培养的小鼠胸腺细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的影响，发现雌酮能够诱导胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞产生典型凋亡的形态学改变和特征性ＤＮＡ“梯形”结构。用２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，６０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和８０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的雌酮处理胸腺细胞２小时，或用２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和４０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ雌酮处理巨噬细胞２４小时，均可出现典型的ＤＮＡ“梯形”结构。２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ雌酮介导巨噬细胞出现ＤＮＡ“梯形”结构的效应呈时间依赖性。１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的它莫西芬能够有效抑制由２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ雌酮诱导胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞产生凋亡的特征性ＤＮＡ片段；这种抑制效应具有剂量依赖性。Ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ和放线菌酮亦能够抑制雌酮诱导胸腺细胞和巨噬细胞产生ＤＮＡ“梯形”结构的作用。     

枸杞多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的免疫抑瘤作用

枸杞多糖（ＬＢＰ）是具有广泛增强免疫功能的一种中药生物活性组分。以Ｓ１８０荷瘤Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠为模型较为系统地研究了ＬＢＰ对瘤重和脾细胞免疫功能的影响。结果表明，ＬＢＰ剂量依赖性地抑制瘤重。恢复和提高荷瘤鼠脾细胞数及活化Ｔ细胞增殖能力，明显促进ＮＫ活性和ＴＮＦ分泌水平。揭示ＬＢＰ增强荷瘤鼠细胞免疫功能是其抑制肿瘤效应的机制。     

枸杞多糖2对辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能恢复的影响

从枸杞子中提取的枸杞多糖（ｌｙｃｉｕｍｂａｒｂａｒｕｍｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ，ＬＢＰ）有较好的免疫增强作用，可促进Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞的功能，增强机体免疫监视功能以及降低抗肿瘤化疗药物引起的免疫抑制等作用。本文研究了ＬＢＰ２对辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能恢复的影响，ＬＢＰ２能明显促进辐射损伤小鼠免疫功能的恢复，照射后３０ｄ，胸腺指数、脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ、ＬＰＳ的增殖反应、ＭＬＲ、ＤＴＨ及ＰＦＣ均较照射对照组明显增强。     

地塞米松诱导小鼠胸腺凋亡的形态学及组织化学研究

地塞米松诱导小鼠胸腺凋亡的形态学及组织化学研究陈英杰孙品伟朱小辉（北京医科大学组织学与胚胎学系）采用半薄切片技术研究小鼠胸腺内细胞凋亡。对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠腹腔内注射地塞米松诱发胸腺细胞凋亡，制成凋亡模型。于注射后１、７、１５、１９、３０ｈ取材，常规电...     

类阿片引起的Fas介导的细胞凋亡

类阿片的滥用可引起免疫系统功能改变。本文研究了吗啡诱导细胞表达Ｆａｓ增加,从而触发细胞凋亡,主要是淋巴细胞的凋亡。用吗啡及其拮抗剂进行了一系列实验。①吗啡诱导Ｆａｓ表达。用３μＭ硫酸吗啡诱导Ｔ细胞杂交瘤和人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）２小时,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析其Ｆａｓ表达。②吗啡诱导后的人ＰＢＬ,发生ＦａｓＬ介导的凋亡。用吗啡诱导２小时后的人ＰＢＬ和不同吗啡诱导的人ＰＢＬ分别与高度表达ＦａｓＬ互补ＤＮＡ的小鼠成纤维细胞（Ｌ９２９）和失去定向作用的ＦａｓＬ表达细胞共同培养,１２小时后用流动…     

两种人化SCID小鼠的建立及其免疫应答性

将人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）和腹腔淋巴结淋巴细胞（ＰＬＮＬ）移植入严重联合免疫缺陷疾病（ＳｅｖｅｒｅＣｏｍｂｉｎｅｄＩｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＤｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＳＣＩＤ）小鼠腹腔，建立人化ＳＣＩＤ小鼠（即ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＢＬ，ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＬＮＬ）。两个月后，两种人化小鼠体内淋巴器官都可以检测到人Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞分布；小鼠血清人源性ＩｇＧ和抗ＥＢ病毒壳抗原ＩｇＧ抗体水平（ＩｇＧ／ＶＣＡ）比较显示，用Ｂ９５８死细胞作为ＶＣＡ来源所诱导的实验组１０只小鼠，ＩｇＧ／ＶＣＡ阳性率为７０％（７／１０），对照组为１７％（２／１２）。１４只ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＬＮＬ小鼠血清内人ＩｇＧ／ＶＣＡ的几何平均滴度（ＧＭＴ）和血清ＩｇＧ浓度在１∶１０８和９６．２±５６．４μｇ／Ｌ；在另８只ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＢＬ中为１∶７．９和１３．８４±６．０μｇ／Ｌ。实验提示，ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＬＮＬ小鼠较ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＢＬ小鼠更适合于人源性特异ＩｇＧ的诱导。     

HBV-SAg特异性靶细胞系的构建

目的　研究特异性细胞免疫反应在病毒性肝炎发生发展中的作用及观察药物等对细胞免疫反应的影响。方法　用ＤＮＡ 重组技术构建逆转录病毒重组质粒ＰＬＸＳＮＳ，以电穿孔方法转入ＰＡ３１７ 细胞，筛选高表达克隆，收集其假病毒颗粒感染ＥＬ４ 细胞，经有限稀释选择高表达克隆。结果　重组质粒转染ＰＡ３１７ 细胞后，５３ 个克隆形成（１∶１０ 传代），在２４ 孔板中扩增后有７ 个克隆细胞上清ＨＢｓＡｇ 阳性。用ＨＢｓＡｇ Ａ值（曾称ＯＤ值） 最高克隆的假病毒感染ＥＬ４ 细胞，再经有限稀释得到稳定、高效表达ＨＢｓＡｇ 的靶细胞系（ＥＬ４Ｓ），在体外传１００ 代以上，ＨＢｓＡｇ 仍能高效表达（４８ 小时上清中ＨＢｓＡｇ 的Ａ值达０－８５）。经检测ＰＬＸＳＮＳ及重组腺病毒ｒＡｄＢ７２Ｓ免疫后小鼠对ＨＢｓＡｇ 特异的细胞免疫反应，得到较为满意的结果。结论　我们成功构建了稳定表达ＨＢｓＡｇ 的靶细胞，对研究ＨＢｓＡｇ 细胞免疫反应及乙肝免疫发病机理等方面有重要意义     

蝎毒抗癌多肽对肝肿瘤的抑制作用研究

目的：观察蝎毒抗癌多肽（ＡＰＢＭＶ）对肝肿瘤的抑制作用。方法：噻唑蓝（ＭＴＴ）法、台盼蓝拒染法、集落形成以及Ｈ２２荷瘤小鼠模型。结果：ＡＰＢＭＶ导致ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞代谢ＭＴＴ的能力显著低于对照组,ＡＰＢＭＶ的ＩＣ５０为１１．３３μｇ／ｍＬ;ＡＰＢＭＶ能显著抑制该细胞的生长,剂量－效应关系明显,其ＩＣ５０分别为１５．８７μｇ／ｍｌ、１３．５０μｇ／ｍＬ和８．７０μｇ／ｍＬ;当ＡＰＢＭＶ的浓度〉     

黄芪多糖对小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的调节作用

以地塞米松磷酸钠 (Ｄｅｘ ｐ)诱导的胸腺细胞凋亡和胸腺细胞的自发凋亡为研究模型 ,通过流式细胞仪、电镜检测胸腺细胞亚二倍体百分率和形态结构的变化 ,探讨黄芪多糖 (ＡＰＳ)对小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的调节作用。ＡＰＳ由北京中医药大学提供。 2～ 4周龄昆明小白鼠 ,同济医科大学实验动物中心提供。用直观图展示细胞凋亡特征性Ａｐ峰。细胞凋亡用流式细胞仪检测。ＡＰＳ对胸腺细胞凋亡的影响用流式细胞仪和电镜检测。由Ｄｅｘ ｐ处理的胸腺细胞出现染色质固缩成块位于核周边 ,呈明显的凋亡。Ｄｅｘ ｐ (10 7ｍｏｌ Ｌ) ＡＰＳ 40 0 μｇ ｍ…     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.