非创伤性肢体缺血预适应对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：探讨非创伤性肢体缺血预适应对缺血再灌注心肌是否具有早期保护作用.方法：Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为假手术对照组（C组）;缺血再灌注组（Ⅰ组）;经典缺血预适应组（PC组）;非创伤性肢体缺血预适应组（PL组）.建立体内大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的动物模型,分别结扎前降支30 min,再灌注120 min,观察大鼠血流动力学参数、血中磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量及心肌梗死面积的变化.结果：平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）组间比较无显著性差异.Ⅰ组CK及LDH含量明显升高（P＜0.05）;PC组、PL组与Ⅰ组比较,心肌梗死范围明显缩小（P＜0.05）.结论：非创伤性肢体缺血预适应对心脏缺血再灌注损伤具有早期保护作用,能明显缩小心肌梗死面积.     

SSTF预处理对缺血再灌注心肌过氧化损伤的作用

目的:探讨黄芩茎叶总黄酮(SSTF)对缺血再灌注心肌过氧化损伤的预防性保护作用。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注(IR)组和三个SSTF预处理组,每组8只大鼠I。R和SSTF组大鼠建立IR大鼠模型,SSTF组大鼠于造模前1周分别灌服不同剂量的SSTF(17.5、357、0mg/kg/d)。分别测定各组大鼠心肌组织SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:与假手术组比较I,R组大鼠心肌SOD活性明显降低、MDA含量明显升高(P<0.01);与IR组大鼠比较,三个SSTF组大鼠心肌SOD活性明显升高、MDA含量明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。三个SSFT组间比较,SSTFⅡ组、Ⅲ组的效果优于SSTFⅠ组(P<0.01P,<0.05);SSTFⅡ组与SSTFⅢ组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:SSTF预处理可通过减轻自由基对心肌的损害,保护缺血再灌注心肌组织。     

缺血后处理对猪急性心肌梗死后的抗氧化作用

目的探讨缺血后处理对猪急性心肌梗死后的抗氧化作用.方法滇南小耳猪15只,随机数字表法分为3组,假手术组(S组,n=5),缺血再灌注组(IR组,n=5),缺血后处理组(IPC组,n=5).用球囊封堵冠脉建立猪闭胸式心肌梗死模型,术中监测心电及血压,测定缺血前、再灌注2 h及24 h血清超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量,再灌注72 h采用2,3,5氯化三苯基氯四氮唑(TTC)染色确定心肌梗死面积.结果 (1)与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注组再灌注2 h,24 h MDA含量明显增加,SOD活力明显降低(P<0.05);与缺血再灌注组相比,缺血后处理组再灌注2 h,24 h MDA含量明显下降,SOD活力明显增加(P<0.05);(2)假手术组未发生心肌梗死,缺血再灌注组及缺血后处理组心肌梗塞的面积分别是(23.26±3.13)%,(10.89±2.02)%,缺血后处理组心肌梗塞面积较缺血再灌注组明显降低(P<0.05).结论缺血后处理对猪的心肌保护作用可能与其减少脂质过氧化产物MDA的含量,提高抗氧化物质SOD活性的抗氧化作用有关.     

高渗盐水预处理在大鼠缺血再灌注心肌损伤中的保护作用

目的研究高渗盐水(hypertonic saline, HTS)预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及相关机制。方法健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组: 假手术组(SO组)、高渗盐水+假手术组(HTS-SO组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、高渗盐水+缺血再灌注组(HTS-I/R),每组10只。大鼠缺血再灌注前经腹腔注射生理盐水或高渗盐水(4ml/kg,7.5%)进行预处理;建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)模型。检测各组大鼠的心肌梗死范围、心肌酶(CK、LDH)、炎症介质(TNF-α、IL-6)、氧化应激指数(MDA、SOD)等的变化。结果与对照组比较,高渗盐水显著性抑制大鼠梗死心肌的范围(34.8%±2.0% vs. 51.5%±1.8%)、心肌酶的释放(LDH: 1120.5±90.5 vs.1950.5±95.0;CK:1658.8±50.0 vs. 2510.5±60.8)、炎症介质的释放(TNF-α: 25.90±0.20 vs. 40.20±0.20;IL-6: 35.7±0.20 vs. 58.20±0.10)并有效调节氧化应激指数(MDA: 7.00±0.50 vs. 12.00±0.50;SOD: 165.50±5.0 vs. 96.50±6.85)(P均＜ 0.05)。结论高渗盐水预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其保护机制可能与其抑制炎症因子的释放和调节氧化应激有关。     

RhoA-MMP-2信号通路在缺血预处理保护糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注中的作用

目的 探讨糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发生机理,观察RhoA-MMP-2信号转导通路在缺血预处理保护糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注中的作用.方法 SD大鼠40只,分为非糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注(CIR)组、非糖尿病心肌缺血预处理(CIP)组、糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注(DIR)组和糖尿病心肌缺血预处理(DIP)组.免疫组织化学法检测心肌MMP-2蛋白的表达,Western blot法测定心肌RhoA和ROCK蛋白的表达,检测血清和心肌组织中NO、NOS、SOD和MDA的水平,进行心肌梗死范围的测定.结果 与DIR组相比,DIP组血清和心肌中的MDA含量明显降低,血清和心肌中的SOD活性明显升高.与DIR组相比,DIP组血清和心肌中的NO含量明显降低,血清和心肌中的NOS活性明显降低.与DIR组相比,DIP组心肌中的MMP-2蛋白表达明显降低.CIP组的心肌梗死面积较CIR组降低;DIP组的心肌梗死面积较DIR组降低;与CIP组比较,DIP组的心肌梗死面积显著增加.DIP组中RhoA蛋白的表达明显低于DIR组.DIP组中ROCK蛋白的表达明显低于DIR组.结论 缺血预处理可减轻糖尿病大鼠的心肌缺血再灌注损伤,可能与减轻脂质过氧化和自由基损伤、下调MMP-2、RhoA和ROCK蛋白的表达以及降低心肌梗死的范围等有关.     

缺血后处理对心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的:探讨缺血后处理对心肌缺血/再灌注大鼠血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达的影响。方法:56只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组(Sham组)(n=8)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)(n=16)、缺血后处理组(IPo组)(n=16)和血红素加氧酶抑制剂锌原卟啉组(ZnPP组)(n=16)。采用结扎心脏左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注2 h制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。IPo组在结扎心脏左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注10 s,缺血10 s,重复3次后,完全恢复心肌血流。再灌注2 h后开胸,每组8只取心尖部缺血心肌,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和心肌中HO-1蛋白表达。I/R组I、Po组和ZnPP组另取8只大鼠测定心梗面积。结果:与S组比较,I/R组缺血心肌中MDA含量增加,SOD活性降低(P<0.01),I/R组HO-1表达无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与I/R组比较,IPo组缺血心肌中MDA降低,SOD活性升高且心梗面积明显减小(P<0.01),HO-1蛋白表达显著增强(P<0.01)。与IPo组比较,ZnPP组MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.01),HO-1表达明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:缺血后处理能减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与增强心肌抗氧化能力和增加血红素加氧酶(HO-1)的表达有关。     

缺血预处理对肢体缺血再灌注时炎性介质的影响

目的:观察缺血预处理对肢体缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法:32例胫腓骨切开复位内固定患者被随机分为常规治疗组及缺血预处理组,每组16例。两组分别于再灌注前(手术结束)及再灌注后(手术结束后)30 min、2 h采集外周静脉血标本4 mL检测血小板计数及IL-8、NO、TXB2、6-Keto-PGFlα含量。结果:与再灌注前比较,两组在再灌注后2 h血小板计数及NO含量明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),血浆IL-8、TXB2和T/K明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与常规治疗组比较,缺血预处理组相同时相点血小板计数及NO含量明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),血浆IL-8、TXB2和T/K明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:肢体缺血再灌注后出现的血小板活化和炎性介质浸润是再灌注损伤的重要机制,缺血预处理能减轻缺血再灌注损伤的程度。     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肾急性缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察肢体缺血预处理对肾脏急性缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)能否产生保护作用,并通过肾功能、组织病理学等检测评估其效果。方法(1)建模:40只新西兰大白兔随机分为3个组,假手术(S)组8只,缺血再灌注(IR)组和预处理(LIP)组各16只,后2个组兔采用右肾切除、左肾动静脉阻断1h开放法建立肾脏缺血再灌注模型,S组仅切除右肾,游离左肾动静脉但不阻断。(2)肢体缺血预处理方法:LIP组在阻断前,先以止血带在双下肢根部绑扎,阻断血流5min,完全开放10min,反复4次。(3)评估指标:对比各组兔在再灌注后8、24h和3、7d时肾功能、肾组织MDA含量和SOD活性以及组织病理学差异。结果LIP组再灌注后血清Scr和BUN升高幅度要明显低于IR组(P<0.05),在再灌注后3d内血Scr和BUN明显低于IR组(P<0.05);LIP组再灌注后24h内SOD活性和MDA含量的变化幅度明显低于IR组(P<0.05),且在各时间点SOD活性均明显高于IR组(P<0.05),MDA含量均明显低于IR组(P<0.05);LIP组光镜下病理改变轻于IR组。结论肢体缺血预处理能减轻肾脏缺血再灌注引起的组织病理改变,降低肾组织MDA含量并增加SOD活性,改善肾功能,对急性肾脏IRI起到明显的保护作用。     

葛根素预处理对缺血再灌注心肌脂质过氧化与内质网应激的影响

目的:观察葛根素预处理对缺血再灌注(I/R)大鼠心肌内质网应激(ERS)与细胞凋亡的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将24只大鼠分为假手术组(SH组),缺血再灌注组(I/R组),葛根素预处理组(PU组)三组,每组8只。实验结束测定心肌丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量以及GRP78 mRNA、CRT mRNA的表达。结果:与SH组比较,其余两组GRP78 mRNA与CRT mRNA表达、心肌MDA含量均明显增加,而心肌SOD水平明显降低(P0.05)。与I/R组比较,PU组GRP78 mRNA与CRT mRNA表达、心肌MDA含量均降低,且心肌SOD水平明显增加(P0.05)。结论:葛根素预处理可能通过减轻心肌脂质过氧化反应,抑制I/R导致的过度ERS而发挥心肌保护作用。     

参麦注射液对肢体缺血-再灌注后肾脏脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用

①目的　探讨参麦注射液(SMI)对实验性家兔肢体缺血-再灌注所致肾的脂质过氧化损伤保护作用。②方法　将24只 家兔随机分为假手术组(Sham)、缺血再灌注组(I/R)和缺血再灌注+参麦注射液组(I/R+SMI)。各组均经缺血4小时后再灌注4小 时取材,分别测定血浆、肾组织及出肾血、入肾血中丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,同时测定血清肌酐(Cr)含量。③ 结果　肢体缺血-再灌注后血浆及肾组织中MDA含量较假手术组显著升高,SOD含量显著降低(P<0.05),而参麦注射液治疗组血 浆及组织中MDA含量较缺血再灌注组显著降低,SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);I/R组出肾血中MDA含量明显高于入肾血(P< 0.05),SOD活性明显低于入肾血(P<0.01);而Sham组和I/R+SMI组出、入肾血中MDA含量和SOD活性无显著差异;I/R组血清Cr较 Sham组明显升高,而I/R+SMI组与I/R组相比血清Cr明显降低,但仍高于Sham组。④结论　肢体缺血-再灌注可引起肾脏的脂质 过氧化损伤,参麦注射液对肢体缺血-再灌注引起的肾脏脂质过氧化具有保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.