嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（附95例分析）

目的探讨嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的病因、临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析近10年来国内报道嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的文献45篇计95例。结果①有过敏史者8例（占84％）；有过敏诱因者41例（占43．2％）。②临床症状多样化，分型：黏膜病变型占61％，肌层病变型占9．4％，浆膜病变型占29．5％。③外周血嗜酸粒细胞增高者90．5％；骨髓检查及腹水检查阳性率达100％；血沉异常者占8118％；lgE异常者占47．3％；胃镜病理提示有嗜酸粒细胞浸润者92．6%；肠镜病理提示有嗜酸粒细胞浸润者62.5％。④激素治疗66例，治愈率100％；给予抗组胺等对症治疗25例，治愈率88％，两者相比无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论近10年嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎有增多趋势。外周血嗜酸细胞计数、胃肠道多部位活检、骨髓检查、腹水检查、血沉及IgE的检查有利于明确诊断。本病预后良好，对激素治疗敏感，调整饮食及对症治疗效果良好。     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as small bowel obstruction： A case report and review of the literature

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall to a variable depth and symptoms associated with gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the authors experienced a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as small bowel obstruction. A 51-year old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and vomiting. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness. Complete blood count showed mild leukocytosis without eosinophilia. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine with ascites. An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of peritonitis due to intestinal obstruction. Segmental resection of the ileum and end to end anastomosis were performed. Histologically, there was a dense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the entire thickness of ileal wall and eosinophilic enteritis was diagnosed. The patient recovered well, and was free from gastrointestinal symptoms at the time when we reported her disease.     

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎4例临床分析

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG）是以嗜酸细胞浸润为特征的罕见胃肠道疾病,临床和内镜表现无特异性。本文总结分析4例EG患者的病史、临床表现、实验室检查、内镜病理表现及治疗。注意本病的诊断线索,结合内镜病理等检查,同时排除其他疾病是诊断EG的关键,激素是治疗EG的有效药物。     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis:An unusual type of gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE) is a rare disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall with various gastrointestinal manifestations.Till date only 280 cases have been described in the literature.A high index of suspicion,by excluding other causes of peripheral eosinophilia,is a pre requisite for accurate diagnosis.EGE is an uncommon gastrointestinal disease affecting both children and adults.It was first described by Kaijser in 1937.Presentation may vary depending on location as well as depth and extent of bowel wall involvement and usually runs a chronic relapsing course.This condition can respond to low dose steroid therapy,thereby preventing grave complications like ascites and intestinal obstruction that might need surgical intervention.The natural history of EGE has not been well documented.Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a chronic,waxing and waning condition.Mild and sporadic symptoms can be managed with reassurance and observation,whereas disabling gastrointestinal(GI) symptom flare-ups can often be controlled with oral corticosteroids.When the disease manifests in infancy and specific food sensitization can be identified,the likelihood of disease remission by late childhood is high.GI obstruction is the most common complication.Fatal outcomes are rare.     

嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎14例临床分析

目的分析嗜酸性粒细胞胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)的临床特点、诊断要点、治疗和预后。方法对14例诊断为嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎患者的病史、临床表现、实验室检查、内镜检查、病理结果、治疗及随访情况进行回顾性临床分析。结果 14例EG患者中,10例病变范围涉及黏膜层,1例病变范围涉及肌层,3例病变范围涉及浆膜层。所有患者均出现不同程度的胃肠道症状,内镜下黏膜活检或手术活检均证实胃肠道组织有较多量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。给予糖皮质激素类治疗的9例患者,1～2周后症状得到明显缓解,且嗜酸性粒细胞数逐渐下降至正常水平。14例患者均预后良好。结论嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎是临床上较为少见的一种疾病,病因和发病机制尚不十分明确。内镜或手术取到活体组织中提示较多嗜酸性粒细胞浸润是确诊的关键。糖皮质激素是主要的治疗药物。该疾病预后良好。     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis associated with eosinophilic cystitis:Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EG) is a rare,distinct clinical entity,and EG associated with eosinophilic cystitis(EC) is extremely rare and has not been well documented.Here,we report two cases of EG and coexistent EC along with findings from computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).An 18-year-old male with a history of hematuria,urgency and occasional urodynia for two weeks and a 34-year-old male with a history of abdominal distention for one week were admitted to our hospital.Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT in both patients revealed wall thickening in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract with inhomogeneous reinforcement,coexistent with local or diffuse bladder wall thickening with progressive enhancement,and also showed that the bladder mucosal lining was nondestructive.Pelvic MRI showed that the local or diffuse thickened bladder wall was iso-intense on T1-weighted images,hypointense on T2-weighted images,and slightly restricted on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in one case.After therapy,the thickened wall of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder had improved markedly in the two cases.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the radiological imaging of EG and coexistent EC by both CT and MRI and the first with DWI findings.     

Adult eosinophilic gastroenteritis and hypereosinophilic syndromes

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis （EGE） in the adult is a distinctive pathologically-based disorder characterized by an eosinophil-predominant mucosal inflammatory process. Most often, the disorder is detected during endoscopic investigation for abdominal pain or diarrhea. Other causes of gastric and intestinal mucosal eosinophilia require exclusion, including parasitic infections and drug-induced causes. Occasionally, the muscle wall or serosal surface may be involved. EGE appears to be more readily recognized, in large part, due to an evolution in the imaging methods used to evaluate abdominal pain and diarrhea, in particular, endoscopic imaging and mucosal biopsies. Definition of EGE, however, may be difficult, as the normal ranges of eosinophil numbers in normal and abnormal gastric and intestinal mucosa are not well standardized. Also, the eosinophilic inflammatory process may be either patchy or diffuse and the detection of the eosinophilic infiltrates may vary depending on the method of biopsy fixation. Treatment has traditionally focused on resolution of symptoms, and, in some instances, eosinophil quantification in pre-treatment and posttreatment biopsies. Future evaluation and treatment of EGE may depend on precise serological biomarkers to aid in definition of the long-term natural history of the disorder and its response to pharmacological or biological forms of therapy.     

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎的临床多样性

目的：分析嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)临床表现多样性,、非特异性以及误诊的主要原因。方法：对4例EG患者的病史、临床表现、生化和特殊检查结果进行分析,结合文献报道,分析EG患者的临床特点和误诊原因。结果EG患者多以消化不良为首发症状,可伴腹泻。随着疾病的发展可出现肠梗阻和／或腹水。症状与嗜酸细胞浸润所累积的部位和深度有关。误诊原因：（1）对EG认识不足,缺乏内镜下足够部位和深度的黏膜活检;（2）对腹水患者未行腹水涂片检查嗜酸细胞;（3）腹腔镜检查不普及。结论 EG多以消化不良为主要表现。内镜表现缺乏特异性。胃肠道黏膜组织病理学检查是诊断的关键。浆膜病变应查腹水嗜酸细胞,腹腔镜检查有助于此类患者的诊断。     

嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎致血性腹水1例

嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroentertis,EG)是一种不明原因的罕见疾病,以周围血中嗜酸粒细胞增高及胃肠道局部或弥漫性嗜酸粒细胞浸润为特征.本文报道EG致血性腹水1例.患者,男,15岁,以恶心、呕吐、乏力、间断腹泻10d入院.化验检查显示血WBC18.28×109/L,嗜酸粒细胞57.61%.腹水血性,蛋白46g/L,白细胞7040×106/L,嗜酸性粒细胞68%,李凡它试验(+).彩超和CT示腹水和右半结肠管壁增厚.胃镜示重度多灶性红斑渗出性食管炎、胃炎和十二指肠炎,食管下段黏膜色泽晦暗,呈环形色素沉着和颗粒样增生.结肠镜示回肠末段、阑尾开口处及升结肠黏膜呈显著的水肿、肥厚、渗出、颗粒样增生和管腔狭窄等炎性改变.内镜活检病理示大量的嗜酸粒细胞浸润.该患者经强的松治疗症状明显缓解.     

嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎与高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征

目的　探讨嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎 (EG)和高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征 (HES)临床特征的异同。方法　回顾性对照研究 9例EG和 19例HES ,分析其临床表现及治疗经过。结果　EG组腹泻、腹痛、体重下降和消化道受累的发生率高于HES组 (P <0 .0 5 )。HES组循环嗜酸性粒细胞 (EOS)和白细胞计数、IgE水平均高于EG组 (P值均 <0 .0 5 )。 9例EG和 3例HES行内镜黏膜活检发现有EOS浸润 ,HES的大肠黏膜活检阳性率明显高于EG(P <0 .0 1)。EG患者经对症或激素治疗均缓解。激素和化疗药物治疗HES有效 (12 / 15 )。结论　EG是以胃肠道组织中EOS异常浸润为特征的胃肠道疾病。循环中EOS、白细胞计数和IgE的高水平以及大肠的EOS浸润提示HES的诊断。     

Eosinophilic ascites as an uncommon presentation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis: A case report

BackgroundEosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is defined by the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with an abnormal eosinophilic infiltrate of the intestine wall and exclusion of other causes of secondary eosinophilia. EGE has three clinical presentations, depending on the depth of eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall. It individualizes into three types, namely mucosal, muscular, and subserosal. Eosinophilic ascites, which is caused by edema and eosinophilic inflammation of the serosal layer of the small bowel wall, is the most uncommon presentation of EGE.Case summaryA 30-year-old Egyptian woman presented with pain in the epigastrium and diffuse abdominal distension. Past medical history comprised allergy to iron injections (for iron deficiency anemia). Clinical examination showed moderate abdominal distention (palpation) and shifting dullness (percussion) suggestive of moderate ascites; mild right pleural effusion was also suspected, but findings were otherwise unremarkable. Abdominal and pelvic examinations by ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed moderate ascites, mild right pleural effusion, and diffuse thickening of the antrum and small bowel loops. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed mild diffuse hyperemia of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, with no relevant findings in the histopathology of biopsy specimens taken from these sites. Laboratory results showed eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and marked increase of eosinophils in the ascitic fluid. Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in normalization of the laboratory test results, and the ascites resolved within a week of initiation of therapy.ConclusionEosinophilic ascites, characterized by increased eosinophils in peripheral blood and ascitic fluid, showed dramatic response to steroid therapy.     

27例嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎临床诊治分析

目的探讨嗜酸粒细胞性胃肠炎(eosinophilic gastroenteritis,EG)临床表现、内镜、病理特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月~2008年9月的27例住院EG患者的临床资料,对其临床分型及诊治方法进行分析。结果本组27例EG中黏膜型17例、浆膜型4例、黏膜浆膜混合型5例及黏膜肌层混合型1例。85.19%的患者以腹痛为首发症状,内镜检查病变多分布在胃窦、十二指肠降部和回盲部。活体组织病理学检查或腹水细胞学发现大量嗜酸粒细胞浸润。予以糖皮质激素或抗组胺类药物,腹痛症状均在1周内缓解。结论EG主要发生于20~50岁青中年患者,以黏膜型最常见,多以腹痛为主要症状且常规镇痛药物疗效不佳,内镜活体组织病理学检查或腹水细胞学检查有助于明确诊断。糖皮质激素治疗疗效显著。     

12例嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎临床分析

目的分析嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎（EG）的临床特点、诊断要点和治疗预后，并探讨其误诊原因。方法对12例EG患者的病史、临床表现、实验室检查、内镜表现和治疗随诊情况进行分析。结果黏膜型EG患者常以腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻为主要表现。肌层型以肠梗阻为主要表现，可有腹痛、便秘。浆膜型以腹痛、腹胀、腹水为主要症状，可伴恶心、呕吐等。外周血和骨髓中嗜酸细胞计数明显增高（0．445±0．202，0．327±0．018），以成熟型为主，其变化随症状的有无而增减。血沉、C反应蛋白等指标正常。腹水为渗出液，可见嗜酸细胞。内镜表现多为黏膜片状糜烂、浅溃疡、散在充血斑或出血点，以十二指肠、胃窦、和回肠末端、回盲部最明显．活检可证实大量嗜酸细胞浸润。激素治疗可在1周内迅速缓解症状，并使嗜酸细胞恢复正常。结论EG临床和内镜表现无特异性．外周血嗜酸细胞、腹水嗜酸细胞，尤其是胃肠黏膜组织中嗜酸细胞增多是诊断的关键。     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with severe protein-losing enteropathy: Successful treatment with budesonide

We report the clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histopathological findings in a 40-year-old woman with watery diarrhoea and hypoproteinaemia. Elevated alpha(1)-antitrypsin clearance confirmed massive protein-losing enteropathy. Gastroscopic and colonoscopic biopsies showed abundant infiltration of the small bowel wall with eosinophils in proximal duodenum and terminal ileum, respectively. These findings established the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Both the inflammatory alterations and the severe intestinal protein loss were successfully treated with budesonide, a topically active corticosteroid preparation with controlled small bowel release. The case report illustrates that remission of protein-losing enteropathy secondary to eosinophilic gastroenteritis can be achieved with budesonide, thus supporting its use for this uncommon disease characterised by inflammatory intestinal lesions.     

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent child

A 3-year-old boy developed transient protein-losing gastroenteropathy associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Both IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV were positive in a serologic blood test. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple erosions throughout the body of the stomach, without enlarged gastric folds. Histological examination of the biopsy specimens indicated eosinophilic gastroenteritis and CMV infection. The patient had complete resolution without specific therapy for CMV in four weeks. An allergic reaction as well as CMV infection played important roles in the pathogenesis of this case.     

20例嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎临床及内镜特点分析

目的 探讨嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎(EG)患者的临床表现及内镜检查对该病的诊治价值.方法 对20例EG患者的临床特点、试验室检查、内镜表现和治疗随诊情况进行分析.结果 20例患者中黏膜型12例、浆膜型2例、混合型6例;EG临床表现以腹痛为主,可伴有腹胀、腹泻、腹水、恶心、呕吐;外周血和骨髓中嗜酸性粒细胞计数明显增多(13.5%～50.6%和7.8%～38.5%).腹水中可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞;内镜表现为黏膜充血水肿、糜烂,病理检查可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;糖皮质激素治疗1～2周内可迅速缓解症状,减量维持,然后逐渐减量至停药;病情可反复,但预后良好.结论 EG患者临床和内镜表现无特异性,外周血和腹水中嗜酸性粒细胞计数明显增多,胃肠黏膜组织中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润是诊断的关键,糖皮质激素治疗效果良好.     

双气囊小肠镜诊断嗜酸性胃肠炎1例

嗜酸性胃肠炎是累及消化道组织的胃肠道嗜酸性细胞增多性疾病,临床少见,对症治疗可缓解病情或治愈。     

Skeletal metastasis in gall bladder cancer

This report describes an interesting and unusual case of carcinoma gallbladder with skull metastasis.     

Longstanding eosinophilic gastroenteritis of more than 20 years

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an eosinophil-predominant inflammatory process that may be detected in endoscopic gastric or intestinal biopsies. The long-term natural history and effects of EGE treatment are not known. A 44-year-old man with abdominal pain was treated with oral ketotifen and followed for more than 20 years. Ketotifen provided symptomatic benefit, with prompt clinical relapse if the drug was discontinued. However, despite the use of ketotifen, the endoscopic abnormalities persisted and appeared to progress. Gastric body and antral mucosal folds appeared thickened, erythematous and friable, with minimal erosive change. Later, even during long asymptomatic periods suggesting clinical ‘remission’, inflammatory polypoid change, previously described in children with EGE, developed with mucosal ‘pock-marking’ and apparent scarring. Ketotifen treatment does not appear to prohibit or reverse the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa in EGE, although long-term effects of steroids may be avoided. In the future, treatment of EGE may involve monoclonal antibody agents that target the specific biological effects of the eosino-phil, apparently central to this unusual inflammatory process.     

Fecal microbiota transplantation and prednisone for severe eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease of unknown etiology.It is characterized by patchy or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall to a variable depth and various gastrointestinal manifestations.We describe a case of severe eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as frequent bowel obstruction and diarrhea in a 35-year-old man.The patient was misdiagnosed and underwent surgery because of intestinal obstruction when he was first admitted to a local hospital.Then he was misdiagnosed as having Crohn’s disease in another university teaching hospital.Finally,the patient asked for further treatment from our hospital because of the on-going clinical trial for treating refractory Crohn’s disease by fecal microbiota transplantation.Physical examination revealed a slight distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness.Laboratory investigation showed the total number of normal leukocytes with neutrophilia as 90.5%,as well as eosinopenia,monocytopenia and lymphocytopenia.Barium radiography and sigmoidoscopy confirmed inflammatory stenosis of the sigmoid colon.We diagnosed the patient as having eosinophilic gastroenteritis by multi-examinations.The patient was treated by fecal microbiota transplantation combined with oral prednisone,and was free from gastrointestinal symptoms at the time when we reported his disease.This case highlights the importance of awareness of manifestations of a rare disease like eosinophilic gastroenteritis.