Primary Fascial Closure With Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair: Systematic Review

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) has grown in popularity. Typically, this procedure is performed with a mesh bridge technique that results in high rates of seroma, eventration (bulging), and patient dissatisfaction. In an effort to avoid these complications, there is growing interest in the role of laparoscopic primary fascial closure with intraperitoneal mesh placement. This systematic review evaluated the outcomes of closure of the central defect during LVHR. A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane databases, and Embase was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. MINORS was used to assess the methodologic quality. Primary outcome was hernia recurrence. Secondary outcomes were surgical-site infection, seroma formation, bulging, and patient-centered items (satisfaction, chronic pain, functional status). Eleven studies were identified, eight of which were case series (level 4 data). Three comparative studies examined the difference between closure and nonclosure of the fascial defect during laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repairs (level 3 and 4 data). These studies suggested that primary fascial closure (n = 138) compared to nonclosure (n = 255) resulted in lower recurrence rates (0–5.7 vs. 4.8–16.7 %) and seroma formation rates (5.6–11.4 vs. 4.3–27.8 %). Follow-up periods for both groups were similar (1–108 months). Only one study evaluated patient function and clinical bulging. It showed better outcomes with primary fascial closure. Closure of the central defect during LVHR resulted in less recurrence, bulging, and seroma than nonclosure. Patients with closure were more satisfied with the results and had better functional status. The quality of the data was poor, however. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the role of closure of the central defect during LVHR is warranted.     

The "Drumhead" Graft Repair of Deep Nasal Alar Defects

BACKGROUND: Extirpation of tumors on the perialar region often results in deep surgical defects. The nares and internal nasal valves are supported not just by alar cartilage, but also by the suspension effect of the overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue. Surgical loss of tissue may result in inward collapse of the nasal vestibule with resultant difficulty in breathing. The use of full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) on deep alar defects commonly results in a sunken or depressed graft that is functionally and cosmetically unacceptable. OBJECTIVE: We describe a novel technique that enables the use of FTSGs in the repair of deep nasal alar defects through the application of an overlying, rigid plastic suspension strut coupled with an undersized graft. RESULTS: The drumhead FTSG is effective in preventing collapse of the nasal vestibule as well as undesirable contour irregularities due to a depressed or sunken graft. Patients were seen at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. At each time point, there was no nasal vestibular collapse and only very slight graft depression, which replicated the normal mild concavity of the alar crease region. All patients had excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: The "drumhead" graft is a novel technique, which enables the use of FTSGs for deep alar defects by inhibiting undesirable depression of the graft and preventing collapse of the nasal vestibule.     

Healing,Inflammation, and Fibrosis: Tendon: Principles of Healing and Repair

Tendon stores, releases, and dissipates energy to efficiently transmit contractile forces from muscle to bone. Tendon injury is exceedingly common, with the spectrum ranging from chronic tendinopathy to acute tendon rupture. Tendon generally develops according to three main steps: collagen fibrillogenesis, linear growth, and lateral growth. In the setting of injury, it also repairs and regenerates in three overlapping steps (inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling) with tendon-specific durations. Acute injury to the flexor and extensor tendons of the hand are of particular clinical importance to plastic surgeons, with tendon-specific treatment guided by the general principle of minimum protective immobilization followed by hand therapy to overcome potential adhesions. Thorough knowledge of the underlying biomechanical principles of tendon healing is required to provide optimal care to patients presenting with tendon injury.     

Repair of the Partial Loss of the Helix

This article presents a new technique for the repair of small and medium-sized defects of the helix using a retroauricular flap whose advance is obtained by the displacement of the auricular fold.     

肝部分切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨肝部分切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析近4年肝部分切除联合胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石42例的治疗方法和疗效。结果术后全组无死亡病例,发生切口感染4例（9．6％）,胆漏2例（占4．7％）,肺部感染3例（占7．1％）。手术后疗效优良者35例,优良率86．8％。结石复发3例（13．2％）。结论肝部分切除联合胆道镜的使用是治疗肝胆管结石的有效手段,可减低术后残石及结石复发率。     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管切开胆总管取石胆道一期缝合术

目的探讨腹腔镜下经胆囊管切开胆总管取石,胆道一期缝合治疗胆总管结石的可行性。方法 2009年10月～2010年5月对55例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石施行经胆囊管切开胆总管取石胆道一期缝合术。腹腔镜下切除胆囊后,保留胆囊管长1.0～1.5 cm,沿胆囊管纵轴剪开胆囊管前壁至胆总管,再沿胆总管纵轴向下切开胆总管0.3～1.1 cm,经此切口内镜取净胆道结石并判断Oddi括约肌功能是否正常。从胆总管切开处的下方开始,向胆囊管切开处的盲端方向先行黏膜层缝合,然后肌层缝合,距胆总管0.2 cm结扎胆囊管。腹腔放置引流管。结果 55例手术均获成功,胆囊管直径0.3～0.6cm,平均0.45 cm;胆囊管切开长度1.0～1.5 cm,平均1.3 cm;胆总管切开长度0.3～1.1 cm,平均0.5 cm。腹腔引流管留置3～5 d。术前术后MRCP对比胆总管直径无异常改变。1例术后出现胆漏,对症治疗后治愈。术后腹痛、腹胀2例,48 h后缓解。1例术后5 d出现间歇性腹痛,7 d出现黄疸,9 d后腹痛缓解,黄疸消退。术后住院时间7～13 d,平均8 d。55例术后随访1～6个月,平均4.5月,无残余结石及结石复发。结论腹腔镜下经胆囊管切开胆总管取石胆道一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石可行。     

Results of Closure of Urethrocutaneous Fistulas after Hypospadias Repair

Background:
Urethrocutaneous fistulas are one of the major causes of morbidity after hypospadias repair.
Methods:
During the last 2.5 years, 26 patients underwent repair of 41 urethrocutaneous fistulas. These fistulas were repaired by a 3-layered closure method, by using meticulous surgical techniques aided by optical magnification. In large fistulas, a dermal subcutaneous flap was created and brought over the surgically repaired urethral fistula.
Results:
Twenty-four of the 26 patients with urethrocutaneous fistulas after hypospadias repair had fistula closure, with a 92% success rate.
Conclusion:
A high success rate was obtained with a multilayered closure using meticulous techniques to repair urethrocutaneous fistulas.     

Healing,Inflammation, and Fibrosis: Bone Healing and Inflammation: Principles of Fracture and Repair

Bones comprise a significant percentage of human weight and have important physiologic and structural roles. Bone remodeling occurs when healthy bone is renewed to maintain bone strength and maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It proceeds through four phases: (1) cell activation, (2) resorption, (3) reversal, and (4) bone formation. Bone healing, on the other hand, involves rebuilding bone following a fracture. There are two main types of bone healing, primary and secondary. Inflammation plays an integral role in both bone remodeling and healing. Therefore, a tightly regulated inflammatory response helps achieve these two processes, and levels of inflammation can have detrimental effects on bone healing. Other factors that significantly affect bone healing are inadequate blood supply, biomechanical instability, immunosuppression, and smoking. By understanding the different mechanisms of bone healing and the factors that affect them, we may have a better understanding of the underlying principles of bony fixation and thereby improve patient care.     

Taussig-Bing Anomaly: Total Repair with Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect Through the Pulmonary Artery

Total surgical repair of a Taussig-Bing malformation in an 8-year-old boy was accomplished successfully after previous palliative procedures. The child had undergone a Rashkind septostomy when he was 10 days old, banding of the pulmonary artery and division of a patent ductus arteriosus when he was 2 weeks old, and a Blalock-Hanlon septectomy when he was 1 year old. Complete repair involved patching the ventricular septal defect (VSD), debanding and patching the pulmonary artery, and rerouting the venous return by performing a Mustard procedure. Because of its high location, the VSD could not be reached properly through the tricuspid valve and was approached through the pulmonary arteriotomy. Excellent exposure was obtained by retracting the pulmonary valve, and patch closure of the defect was achieved without difficulties. We believe this approach to the VSD is preferable because no incision is necessary in the right ventricle. This is important since the right ventricle becomes the systemic ventricle after the Mustard operation.