γ-干扰素、腺苷脱氨酶对结核和非结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的联合检测胸腔积液和血清 γ-干扰素浓度及腺苷脱氨酶水平,探讨其对结核和非结核性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断价值。方法应用酶联免疫吸附法和速率法,检测46例结核性胸液、42例非结核性胸液及其相应血清中IFN-γ浓度和ADA水平,并与30例对照组比较。结果结核性胸膜炎患者胸液IFN-γ浓度为（497．13±200．79）ng／L,明显高于癌性胸液组（72．16±78．58）ng／L和漏出性胸液组（13．61±5．92）ng／L（P〈0．001）。结核性胸膜炎患者胸液ADA水平（54．45±15．33U／L）明显高于癌性胸液组（18．67±16．54）U／L和漏出液组（8．97±1．96）U／L,P〈0．001。结论联合检测胸液INF-γ浓度和ADA活性对结核性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断有较高的临床应用价值。     

ADA检测在淋巴细胞性胸腔积液中的应用价值

目的 研究不同病因产生的淋巴细胞性胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)值的差异，及其与传统的血液生化学参数之间的相互关系。方法 分析l05例淋巴细胞性胸水中的ADA值，其中包括结核性50例、恶性肿瘤性40例、漏出性l5例。结果 以40U/L作为诊断结核的阳性分割值，其特异性为98．2％、敏感性为89．0％；ADA值与白细胞总数、淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、LDH、蛋白的含量无关。恶性胸水的ADA值与漏出性胸水比较无差异。结论 ADA检测对结核性胸腔积液具有相当高的特异性(98．2％)，但敏感度较低为(89．0％)。血液生化学参数与ADA值的大小无明显相关性。     

Increased Pleural Fluid Adenosine Deaminase Levels in Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusions: A Potential Predictor of Talc Pleurodesis Outcome

Chemical pleurodesis using various sclerosing agents is accepted palliative therapy for patients with recurrent, symptomatic, malignant pleural effusions (MPE). However, the utility of various clinical and biochemical parameters in predicting pleurodesis outcome is still controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (Pf-ADA) levels and talc pleurodesis outcomes, and to compare Pf-ADA levels to various other biochemical variables with respect to predicting talc pleurodesis outcome in patients with MPE. In this prospective trial, 60 consecutive patients with MPE were enrolled; 35 had malignant mesothelioma (MM) and 25 had metastatic pleural carcinoma (MPC). A complete response was achieved in 49 of 60 MPE patients (81.7%). The Pf-ADA, pH, and albumin levels in patients with successful pleurodesis were significantly higher than in those with unsuccessful pleurodesis (p values < 0.001, 0.036, 0.027, respectively). ROC curve analysis revealed that optimal differentiation between successful and unsuccessful pleurodesis could be achieved with cutoff points of 17.5 U/L for Pf-ADA (area under the curve = 0.873; sensitivity = 77.6%; specificity = 90.9%); >2.5 g/dl for albumin (area under the curve = 0.715; sensitivity = 85.4%; specificity = 54.5%); and >7.26 for pleural fluid pH (area under the curve = 0.703; sensitivity = 83.7%; specificity = 54.5%). In analysis of the subgroup, Pf-ADA were found to be a good marker for discrimination between successful and unsuccessful pleurodesis in patients with MM (p < 0.001) but not in the MPC group (p = 0.068). These results indicate that Pf-ADA levels could be considered predictors of the outcome of pleurodesis, especially in patient with MM. Furthermore, the present study also demonstrated that Pf-ADA level is a superior test to predict the outcome of pleurodesis compared to pleural fluid pH and albumin level.     

血清－腹水白蛋白梯度和腹水腺苷脱氨酶对良恶性腹水鉴别意义的探讨

血清－腹水白蛋白梯度（ＳＡＡＧ）是间接反映门静脉压力的一个指标，曾用于良恶性腹水的鉴别诊断。为探讨其对良恶性腹水的鉴别价值，本文对６４例各种病因的腹水患者作ＳＡＡＧ测定。结果显示，肝硬化组ＳＡＡＧ为２５．４４±７．２２ｇ／Ｌ，而腹腔癌组为５．５４±３．１２ｇ／Ｌ两组差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＳＡＡＧ鉴别肝硬化与腹腔癌的准确性达９７．９％，但由于肝癌组ＳＡＡＧ亦增大，与肝硬化组相近（Ｐ＞０．０５），而结核性腹水和心源性腹水ＳＡＡＧ则小，与腹腔癌组相近，ＳＡＡＧ鉴别良恶性腹水的准确性降为７９．７％。因此，ＳＡＡＧ不适于良恶性腹水的鉴别。结核性腹水腺苷脱氨酶明显升高，有助于结核和癌性腹水的鉴别。     

Sjögren's Syndrome with Pleural Effusion: Difficult to Distinguish from Tuberculous Pleurisy Because of a High Adenosine Deaminase Level

An 84-year-old woman visited our hospital for dyspnea due to right pleural effusion, with lymphocytic dominance and a high adenosine deaminase (ADA) level, that had been noted 1 month earlier. She was suspected of having tuberculosis pleurisy; however, anti-tuberculosis treatment yielded no improvements. She was diagnosed with pleural effusion due to primary Sjögren''s syndrome (SjS) based on her dry eyes and mouth, positivity for anti-Sjögren''s-syndrome-related antigen A/B, and histopathologic findings of a lip biopsy and thoracoscopic pleural biopsy. Her symptoms improved after starting steroid therapy. Cases of pleural effusion due to SjS with a high ADA level may be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis pleurisy.     

ADA检测在淋巴细胞性胸腔积液中的应用价值-105例临床病例分析

目的 ADA检测可作为诊断结核性胸膜炎的一种辅助方法,但在其他原因引起的淋巴细胞性胸腔积液中常出现假阳性.本文研究不同病因产生的淋巴细胞性胸腔积液ADA值的差异,分析ADA与传统的血液生化学参数之间的相互关系.方法共分析105例淋巴细胞性胸水中的ADA值,其中包括核性50例、恶性肿瘤性40例、漏出性15例.结果以40U/L作为诊断结核的阳性分割值,其特异性为98.2%,敏感性为89.0%,ADA值与白细胞总数、淋巴细胞百分比、中性细胞百分比、LDH、蛋白的含量无关.恶性胸水的ADA值与漏出性胸水比较无差异.结论 ADA检测对结核性胸腔积液具有相当高的特异性(98.2%),但敏感度较低为89.0%.血液生化学参数与ADA值的大小无明显相关性.     

Routine Echocardiographic Views Miss Significant Pleural Effusions

Objectives: To determine the benefit of adding chest scanning to the routine echocardiographic examination to diagnose pleural effusions. Background: Pleural effusions are common in several cardiac disorders, yet routine echocardiography is insensitive in delineating pleural fluid. Methods: Bilateral chest scanning was performed in addition to the routine echo examination in 100 consecutive inpatients referred for echocardiography with recent chest X rays (CXRs). Detection and quantification of pleural effusion by sonographic chest scanning was compared blindly with CXRs. Identification of pleural fluid was analyzed for correlation with clinical diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and elevated pulmonary artery pressures if found by echo-Doppler examination. Results: Agreement on presence or absence of pleural effusion occurred in 88 of 100 patients—in 5 patients bilateral chest scanning detected pleural effusion with negative CXRs; in 7 patients CXRs suggested pleural effusion with negative bilateral chest scanning (all 7 patients had minor blunting of the costophrenic angle). Routine echo views only detected 22 of 51 patients (43%) with pleural effusion detected by bilateral chest scanning. In 45 patients with CHF, 29 (64%) had pleural effusion by bilateral chest scanning (25 bilateral, 1 left, 3 right) vs 12 (27%) by routine echo (only left pleural effusion seen). Ejection fraction and estimated pulmonary artery pressure did not differ between CHF patients with and without pleural effusion. Conclusions: Routine echocardiographic views underestimate the presence of pleural effusion in patients referred for study. Bilateral chest scanning is equal to CXRs for pleural effusion detection and provides clinically useful information which may be of particular benefit to patients with CHF.     

降钙素原与CA125联合检测对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的探讨联合检测血清和胸腔积液降钙素原(PCT)、CA125对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法 30例结核性胸腔积液、20例肺炎旁积液、30例恶性胸腔积液,采用化学发光法测定血浆和胸腔积液中的PCT水平,快速发光免疫分析测定CA125的水平。结果结核组、肺炎组血清PCT水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),结核组和肺炎组胸腔积液中PCT的表达均较对照组明显升高(均P<0.05)。结核组和恶性组血清及胸腔积液中CA125水平较肺炎组显著升高(P<0.01)。结论联合检测血清及胸腔积液中PCT与CA125水平可提高结核性胸腔积液诊断的敏感性和特异性。     

诺维本治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床价值

目的　观察诺维本治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效 ,探讨与生物化学联合疗效。方法　把患者随机分为诺维本治疗组 (2 6例 )、重组人白细胞介素 - 2治疗组 (2 3例 )及两药联合治疗组 (2 4例 )。均行胸腔闭式引流术 ,排尽胸水 ,注入诺维本 30 mg/ m2 ,重组人白细胞介素 - 2 2 0 0万 IU/ m2 ,用 2 %利多卡因 5～ 10 ml溶解、稀释 ,夹管 ,患者变动体位 ,2 h后松开引流管持续引流 ,当胸水引流量 <5 0 ml/ d经胸透或超声证实基本无胸水后拔管。结果　诺维本组有效率 88.5 %、重组人白细胞介素 - 2组有效率 5 2 .2 % ,两组疗效差异有显著意义 ,而联合用药组有效率 91.7% ,与诺维本组疗效差异无显著意义。三组副作用无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　诺维本治疗恶性胸腔积液效果显著 ,而与生物化学联合治疗未进一步提高疗效     

Determination of adenosine deaminase activity and its isoenzymes for diagnosis of pleural effusions

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and the activities of its ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes in pleural effusions and also sera with different aetiological origins. METHODOLOGY: The pleural effusions of 87 patients were examined. The patients were separated into four groups: transudates, parapneumonic, malignant, and tuberculous effusions. The cases were also designated as tuberculous or non-tuberculous group. Adenosine deaminase activity was determined by the colorimetric method described by Giusti and Galanti. RESULTS: The intermean differences were statistically significant for total ADA, ADA1 and ADA2, except for pleural fluid ADA1 in the malignant group when compared to the tuberculous effusion group. The intermean differences between the tuberculous and non-tuberculous group were statistically significant for all three parameters except for pleural fluid and serum ADA1 activity. The sensitivities of total ADA, ADA1 and ADA2 activities for tuberculosis were 91, 57 and 93%, respectively; their specificities 89, 88 and 92%, respectively; their positive predictive values 82, 70 and 86%; and their diagnostic accuracies 89, 76 and 92%, respectively, in pleural fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of ADA and its isoenzymes can help to differentiate the causes of pleural effusion. Increased ADA2 activity is a striking marker of tuberculous effusions. In contrast, increased ADA1 activity was significantly elevated in parapneumonic effusions.     

多指标检测对渗出性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断意义

目的检测胸腔积液患者胸水中CRP、HPT、ADA三项指标水平,探讨多指标检测在胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的价值。方法将68例不同病因的渗出性胸腔积液分为良性渗出液组及恶性渗出液组二组,检测患者胸腔积液三项指标水平。结果二组胸腔积液患者CRP、HIT及ADA均有显著性差异（均P〈0．05）。结论胸腔积液CRP、HPT及ADA水平检测对鉴别渗出性胸腔积液性质有较好的临床实用价值。     

Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Cytochemical,Immunological and Clinical Correlations

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been assessed in lymphoid cells of 23 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in order to attempt a further characterization of ALL cells in addition to the well known cytochemical and immunological T and B lymphoid cell markers. ADA activity did not show any correlation with the immunological characterization of the patients investigated; in fact a wide range of ADA activity was observed with levels ranging from 0 to 32 U in T-ALL patients and nearly similar values (from 1.8 to 36 U) in the group of non T — non B ALL cases. Normal values ranged from 2 to 5 U (mean 2.9 U; s.d. ± 0.8). Some cytochemical patterns (acid phosphatase and PAS) appeared well correlated with T markers of lymphoid cells, whereas they showed no significant relationship with ADA activity.