非幽门螺杆菌感染患者上腹部不适的可能机制

目的 探讨非幽门螺杆菌感染患者上腹部不适相关症状的可能机制.方法 收集2006年8月至11月初次行胃镜、组织学检查幽门螺杆菌呈阴性的成人患者232例,2005年9月至2009年8月门诊及住院儿童患者31例(年龄<14岁).对以上患者行胃镜取胃黏膜组织做连续切片,HE染色及WS染色观察组织学改变.结果 成人组患者组织内可观察到微、小动脉腔堵塞和(或)灶性出血病变,其中16例(8.8%)黏膜和(或)黏膜下层见微、小动脉腔部分或完全堵塞,82例(45.6%)仅有黏膜灶性出血,82例(45.6%)两种病变同时存在.微、小动脉腔堵塞病变以移行部检出率最高(65.2%,P=0.159),灶性出血病变以底体部检出率最高(65.6%,P=0.001).微、小动脉腔堵塞病变组烧心症状发生率显著低于无动脉腔堵塞/出血病变组(x2=8.564,P=0.003).儿童组中96.8%(30/31)的患者活检组织中观察到微、小动脉腔堵塞和(或)灶性出血病变.结论 胃微、小动脉堵塞引起的黏膜缺血比较常见,可发生于各个年龄段,可能是导致非幽门螺杆菌感染患者上腹部不适相关症状的重要原因.     

慢性肝病胃粘膜乙型肝炎病毒表达及幽门螺杆菌感染

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的泛嗜性及与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的关系。方法选择慢性乙型肝炎（慢肝）28例、乙型肝炎后肝硬化（肝硬化）44例,共72例作为观察组,无肝病的胃病患者30例作为对照组。受检者常规胃镜检查,取胃窦幽门周围3cm以内活体组织3块,除普通病理检查外,分别做乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原（HBcAg）检测及快速尿素酶、品红染色和免疫组化法检测Hp。结果 慢肝组有不同程度的胃粘膜慢性炎症者达92.9％（26/28）、肝硬化组达95.5％（42/44）,其中慢肝组以单纯慢性炎症为多,而肝硬化组以伴萎缩和肠化者为多。72例慢性肝病者中有51例胃粘膜HBV阳性,其中HBsAg、HBcAg双阳性16例;肝硬化组HBV抗原表达高于慢肝组,而HBsAg、HBcAg双阳性者低于慢肝组（P均<0.05）。在慢肝和肝硬化组有炎症的胃粘膜中Hp阳性率分别为76.9％（20/26）、69.0％（29/42）,与对照组相比无显著差别。慢性肝病Hp阳性、阴性者胃粘膜HBV抗原表达率分别为69.8％（37/53）、73.7％（14/19）,亦无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 （1）HBV在慢肝及肝硬化患者胃粘膜表达明显,应重视其在胃粘膜病变中的作用,加强防护措施。（2）在胃粘膜中HBV与Hp表达未见相关关系。     

幽门螺杆菌感染时胃黏膜一氧化氮合酶活性和脂质过氧化

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染时胃黏膜一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与脂质过氧化损伤的关系。方法测定１２名正常对照、１４例Ｈｐ阴性、２２例Ｈｐ阳性慢性胃炎和２７例Ｈｐ阳性消化性溃疡患者胃窦黏膜ＮＯ合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量。结果Ｈｐ阳性胃炎和溃疡患者ＮＯＳ活性和ＭＤＡ含量显著高于、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ含量低于Ｈｐ阴性者，溃疡ＮＯＳ活性高于Ｈｐ阳性胃炎；Ｈｐ阳性患者ＮＯＳ活性与胃炎积分和ＭＤＡ呈正相关，ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ与ＭＤＡ呈负相关；ＮＯＳ抑制剂ＬＮＭＭＡ可显著抑制Ｈｐ阳性患者ＮＯＳ活性，而乙二醇双四乙酸对ＮＯＳ活性无影响。Ｈｐ根除后，胃炎积分、ＮＯＳ活性和ＭＤＡ含量均显著下降、ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ含量增高。结论Ｈｐ感染时胃黏膜ＮＯＳ活性增高与来源于炎症细胞产生的诱生型ＮＯＳ增多有关；ＮＯ参与了胃黏膜脂质过氧化损伤的病理过程     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃粘膜超微结构的影响

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染及其根除前后胃粘膜超微结构的变化．方法Ｈｐ感染患者１０例经三联疗法２８ｄ．Ｈｐ阴转７例于停药１月后及治疗前内镜下取胃窦粘膜，经切片染色后分别行透射电镜及扫描电镜观察．结果透射电镜显示，Ｈｐ聚集处上皮细胞微绒毛变短、减少或消失，细胞呈毛刺状或外突形成分枝状，细胞膜内侧粘液颗粒聚集，细胞破裂，释放粘液颗粒．扫描电镜下Ｈｐ横卧于微绒毛表面或垂直镶嵌在微绒毛里．应用三联疗法（德诺１２０ｍｇ＋四环素０２５ｇ＋呋喃唑酮１０ｍｇ，４次／ｄ）治疗２８ｄ，停药１月后７例Ｈｐ根除．电镜显示Ｈｐ消失，粘膜细胞变性逆转，上皮细胞及微绒毛结构恢复正常．结论Ｈｐ引起的胃粘膜超微结构损害在根除Ｈｐ后有改善及恢复     

Ghrelin and Helicobacter pylori infection

Ghrelin is primarily secreted from the stomach and has been implicated in the coordination of eating behavior and weight regulation. Ghrelin also plays an essential role in the mechanism of gastric mucosal defense. Thus, it is important to clarify which diseases primar- ily influence changes in plasma ghrelin concentrations. Helicobacter pylori （H pylor/~ infection is involved in the pathogenesis of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lym- phoid tissue lymphoma. H pylori eradication is related to body weight change. Compared, H pylori infected and negative subjects with normal body mass index, plasma ghrelin concentration, gastric ghrelin mRNA, and the number of ghrelin producing cells in gastric mucosa are significantly lower in Hpylori infected sub- jects than in Hpylori-negative controls. Plasma ghrelin concentration decreases with the progression of gastric atrophy. Impaired gastric ghrelin production in associa- tion with atrophic gastritis induced by Hpylori infection accounts for the decrease in plasma ghrelin concentra- tion. However, the ratio of plasma acylated ghrelin to total ghrelin levels is higher in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis than in healthy subjects. This may re- sult from the＇ compensatory increase in plasma active ghrelin concentration in response to gastric atrophy. After H pylori eradication, gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression is increased nearly 4-fold in most cases. However, changes in plasma ghrelin concentrations be- fore and after Hpylori cure are not associated with the gastric ghrelin production. Plasma ghrelin changes are inversely correlated with both body weight change and initial plasma ghrelin levels.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃部疾病的病理变迁

目的：探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp)清除与否与胃黏膜病理转归的关系。方法：191Hp感染的胃炎或溃疡病患者分别随机给予抗Hp或非抗Hp治疗,1年后复查胃镜,病理分型根据悉系统。结果191例患者中,慢性炎症1年后的炎症程度较1年前减轻（P＜0．05）。其中萎缩和肠化生的程度也较前减轻（P＜0．05）,但活性动性炎症和蔼前后比较差异无显著性（P＜0．05）。根据1年后胃镜复查有无Hp清除分为两个队列,Hp清除列有107例,Hp未肖除列有84例,Hp清除列较未清除列1年后慢性炎症程度轻（P＜0．05）活动性炎症者少（P＜0．05）。对不疾病和不同的治疗分层后发现,Hp清除者的胃黏膜炎症程度总是较Hp未清除者轻（P＜0．05）。结论本研究提示,Hp感染与胃黏膜活动性炎症关系较为密切。Hp清除有利于胃黏膜炎症程度的减轻。     

Relationship between ghrelin,Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosal atrophy in hemodialysis patients

AIM To investigate the relationship between plasma ghrelin level, Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection status and the severity of atrophy in hemodialysis patients.METHODS One hundred eights patients who received hemodialysis and 13 non-hemodialysis H. pylori-negative controlsunderwent gastroduodenoscopy to evaluate the severity of gastric atrophy. Serum levels of pepsinogen(PG) were measured as serum markers of gastric atrophy. H. pylori infection was evaluated by anti-H. pylori IgG antibody, rapid urease test and culture test. We classified H. pylori infection status as non-infection, present infection and past infection. In addition, plasma acyl-ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Infection rate of H. pylori was 45.4%(49/108). Acylghrelin level in the non-infection group(39.4 ± 23.0 fmol/ml) was significantly higher than in the past(23.4 ± 19.9 fmol/ml, P = 0.005) and present infection groups(19.5 ± 14.0 fmol/ml, P 0.001). Furthermore, desacyl-ghrelin level in the non-infection group(353.2 ± 190.2 fmol/ml) was significantly higher than those in the past(234.9 ± 137.5 fmol/ml, P = 0.008) and present infection groups(211.8 ± 124.2 fmol/ml, P 0.001). Acyl-ghrelin was positively correlated with the PG Ⅰ level and PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio(|R| = 0.484, P 0.001 and |R| = 0.403, P 0.001, respectively). Both ghrelins were significantly decreased in accordance with the progress of endoscopic atrophy(both P 0.001) and acyl-ghrelin was significantly lower in patients with mild, moderate and severe atrophy(24.5 ± 23.1 fmol/ml, 20.2 ± 14.9 fmol/ml and 18.3 ± 11.8 fmol/ml) than in those with non-atrophy(39.4 ± 22.2 fmol/ml, P = 0.039, P = 0.002 and P 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION In hemodialysis patients, plasma ghrelin level was associated with the endoscopic and serological severity of atrophy related to H. pylori infection.     

幽门螺杆菌感染者长期饮酒时PGE2与胃癌相关病变的关系

目的探讨长期饮酒合并幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃液及血液中PGE2与胃癌相关性病变的关系。方法 2007年1月-2010年12月符合条件的幽门螺杆菌感染同时长期饮酒56例和单纯长期饮酒64例患者,进行内镜下胃黏膜组织活检并进行病理学观察,同时抽静脉血及胃液用ELISA法检测PGE2浓度。结果幽门螺杆菌感染同时长期饮酒组中胃黏膜轻度萎缩亚组和轻度肠化亚组患者血清PGE2浓度明显高于长期饮酒胃黏膜轻度萎缩亚组和轻度肠化亚组患者血清PGE2浓度(P=0.02或P=0.01)。长期饮酒合并幽门螺杆菌阳性感染组中胃黏膜有不典型增生亚组患者血清PGE2浓度明显高于长期饮酒组中胃黏膜有不典型增生亚组患者(P=0.02)。两组患者各亚组之间胃液PGE2浓度对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论幽门螺杆菌感染同时长期饮酒患者血液PGE2浓度升高与胃黏膜轻度萎缩和肠化及不典型增生之间存在明显关系,但胃液中PGE2与胃黏膜萎缩、肠化和不典型增生之间无明显关系。     

胆汁反流性胃炎患者幽门螺杆菌感染及其胃粘膜病理学表现研究*

目的 探讨胆汁反流性胃炎（BRG）患者幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染及其胃粘膜病理学变化。方法 我院诊治的BRG患者618例和无胆汁反流的慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）患者1486例,采用¹⁴C-尿素呼气试验、血清抗-Hp抗体检测和对组织切片行硼酸亚甲蓝染色三种方法对受试者进行Hp感染诊断,常规行胃镜检查,参照新悉尼系统标准,将组织学上胃黏膜慢性炎性反应、炎性反应活动性、萎缩和肠上皮化生的严重程度分为无、轻、中和重4个等级。结果 BRG患者Hp感染率为32.7%（202/618）,而CSG组患者为40.6%（603/1486）,两组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）;在202例Hp阳性的BRG患者中,胃粘膜轻、中、重度炎症反应发生率分别为10.9%、61.4%和27.7%,显著重于416例Hp阴性患者的40.4%、51.7%和7.9%（P<0.05）,胃粘膜淋巴滤泡形成、肠化生和活动性炎症发生率分别为15.4%、5.4%和16.8%,也显著重于Hp阴性患者的2.7%、10.8%和0.7%（P<0.05）;603例Hp阳性的CSG患者胃粘膜轻、中、重度炎症反应发生率分别为29.2%、59.4%和11.5%,与883例Hp阴性患者的34.1%、54.0%和11.9%比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）,胃粘膜淋巴滤泡形成、肠化生和活动性炎症发生率分别为10.4%、1.8%和8.5%,与Hp阴性患者的7.8%、1.0%和5.0%比,也无显著性差异（P>0.05）;观察胃粘膜病理学轻度、中度和重度炎症情况发现,117例内镜下胃粘膜III级BRG患者炎症程度显著重于200例I级或301例II级患者（P<0.05）。结论 BRG患者无论是胃镜下表现还是胃粘膜组织病理学变化都存在明显的病变,胆汁反流和Hp感染是引起胃粘膜炎症反应的重要因素。     

十二指肠胃化生与幽门螺杆菌感染

本文调查了155例十二指肠溃疡旁粘膜的组织病理学变化,并与对照组相比较。结果显示:溃疡旁组织炎症、胃化生和Hp检出率分别为69.7％、75.5％和24.5％,显著高于对照组的18.8％、10.4％和4.2％(P<0.01)。Hp在胃化生组织中的检出率为32.8％,81例不伴胃化生的粘膜中均未检出Hp(P<0.01)。透射电镜观察胃化生有其特征性改变。提示胃化生可能是溃疡形成的基础,Hp在化生区定植并非是产生溃疡的唯一直接因素,还可能通过其他复杂环节间接起作用。     

Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and stomach of patients from Northern Brazil

AIM: To establish whether virulence factor genes vacA and cagA are present in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) retrieved from gastric mucosa and dental plaque in pa-tients with dyspepsia. METHODS: Cumulative dental plaque specimens and gastric biopsies were submitted to histological exami-nation, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reac-tion (PCR) assays to detect the presence of cagA and vacA polymorphisms.RESULTS: Detection of H. pylori from dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples was greater by PCR co...     

胃黏膜幽门螺杆菌感染病理组织学专家共识

胃黏膜幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori, HP）感染是引发胃部疾病的主要危险因素之一,HP也被世界卫生组织等列为明确致癌物。目前临床常用的非侵入性法检测HP具有一定的限制性,如无法明确HP定植位置,也可能因其处于休眠期而漏诊或误诊。相较而言,病理学方法检测HP结果更为精准,可了解组织病变情况,并指导后续治疗与预后判断。组织学检测HP方法众多,不同地区、不同医院的病理医师在检测方法的选择上尚存在较大差异。因此,中华医学会消化内镜学分会病理学组根据我国实际情况制定此共识,旨在规范胃组织标本HP感染的病理诊断,为临床医师提供有关胃黏膜HP感染病理组织学的诊断治疗建议,以提高对疾病的认识和提升疾病治疗效果。     

幽门螺杆菌长期感染蒙古沙土鼠腺胃模型的建立及评价

目的 建立幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）长期感染蒙古沙土鼠腺胃模型,验证该模型出现的病理改变及腺胃肿瘤的发生情况。方法 采用国际标准菌株NCTC 11637灌喂蒙古沙土鼠,建立HP长期感染蒙古沙土鼠腺胃模型。结果 成功建立了HP长期感染蒙古沙土鼠腺胃模型,其胃黏膜的组织学变化显示,HP感染可致正常胃黏膜→慢性胃炎→萎缩→肠化生→异型增生的发展过程,Hp NCTC 11637定植于蒙古沙土鼠腺胃65财哩,可引起胃黏膜出现严重的萎缩、肠化生及不典型增生等胃癌前状态,暂未发现早期癌。结论 Hp NCTC 11637易长期定植于蒙古沙土鼠腺胃,模型的稳定性及重复性极佳,且与Hp感染人胃黏膜后出现的各种病理变化极为相似。     

Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on serum ghrelin and obestatin levels

AIM: To investigate changes in serum ghrelin and obestatin levels before and after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) eradication. METHODS: A total of 92 patients presenting with symptoms of dyspepsia were enrolled in the study. Upper endoscopy was performed on all patients and used to diagnose H. pylori infection according to the presence of characteristic histopathological findings; seventy patients were diagnosed with H. pylori infection and the remaining 22 non-infected patients were classified as healthy controls. H. pylori eradication was accomplished by administering the classical triple therapy drug regimen, consisting of lansoprazole 30 mg bid , amoxicillin 1 g bid , and clarithromycin 500 mg tid for 14 d. The eradication of H. pylori was assessed with C14-urea breath test, which was performed at eight weeks after treatment. Levels of serum active ghrelin and obestatin were assessed at beginning of the study (prior to treatment) and after eight weeks. The levels were comparatively analyzed between the H. pylori negative control group, the H. pylori eradicated group, and the H. pylori non-eradicated group. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients, 50 females and 42 males with a mean age of 38.2 ± 11.9 years (range: 19-64), were analyzed. H. pylori eradication success was achieved in 74.3% (52/70) of H. pylori positive patients. The initial levels of ghrelin in the H. pylori positive and control cases were 63.6 ± 19.8 pg/mL and 65.1 ± 19.2 pg/mL (P=0.78), respectively, and initial obestatin levels were 771±427 pg/mL and 830 ± 296 pg/mL (P=0.19), respectively. The difference between the initial levels and the week 8 levels of ghrelin and obestatin in the control group was insignificant [4.5% (P=0.30) and -0.9% (P=0.65), respectively]. The difference between the initial and week 8 levels of ghrelin and obestatin in the H. pylori non-eradicated group were also insignificant [0.9% (P=0.64) and 5.3% (P=0.32), respectively]. The H. pylori eradicated group had a greater change in obestatin levels when compared to the     

FD患者Hp感染对胃排空的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染在功能性消化不良（ＦＤ）患者胃排空功能障碍中的作用．方法采用放射性同位素γ－照相法观测了５６例ＦＤ患者胃固－液体排空情况，并用胃窦粘膜印片Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色及石蜡切片ＨＥ，Ｗ＿Ｓ银染色镜检Ｈｐ．结果ＦＤ患者餐后３０，６０及９０ｍｉｎ时的胃排空率均显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００５－００１）；ＦＤ患者Ｈｐ感染率无明显增高（Ｐ＞００５），Ｈｐ阳性组与阴性组在３个时相的胃排空率差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）结论ＦＤ患者胃排空功能与Ｈｐ感染无关     

根除幽门螺杆菌感染对慢性胃炎疗效影响的多中心临床研究

目的 探讨根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)对慢性胃炎患者临床症状、内镜表现及病理改变的影响.方法 采用多中心、前瞻性、随机化对照研究,观察2009年1月至2010年12月间入组的慢性胃炎患者,分为Hp阳性根除组、Hp阳性不根除组和Hp阴性组,均予以8周的胃黏膜保护剂治疗,对比各组治疗前后临床症状、内镜下表现及病理炎症的变化.结果...     

Helicobacter pylori infection in hemodialysis patients： Susceptibility to amoxicillin and clarithromycin

AIM: To evaluate susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to amoxicillin and clarithromycin in end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients and non-uremic controls.METHODS: The subjects with dyspeptic complaints were 33 ESRD patients and 46 age- and sex-matched nonuremic controls who exhibited Hpylorion antral biopsy specimens. The two groups were age and sex matched.The Hpyloristrains‘ pattern of susceptibility to amoxicillin and clarithromycin was investigated with the agar dilution technique.RESULTS: None of the Hpyloristrains from either group showed resistance to amoxicillin with the agar dilution method. Twelve (36.4%) of the ESRD group strains and7 (15.2%) of the control group strains showed resistance to clarithromycin, and this difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05).CONCLUSION: Resistance to amoxicillin does not appear to be an important problem in Hpylori-infected ESRD and non-uremic patients in our region. In contrast, the rates of resistance to clarithromycin are high, particularly in the ESRD population.     

幽门螺杆菌感染患者胃氨的变化

目的探讨由Ｈｐ产生的氨在Ｈｐ致病机理中的作用．方法对１６例伴有Ｈｐ感染的消化性溃疡及慢性活动性胃炎患者，应用抗菌素对症治疗４周．分别在治疗前后用尿素酶试剂药盒检查Ｈｐ感染情况，并用Ｎｅｓｌｅｒ′ｓ显色法测定治疗前后的胃液氨浓度．结果治疗后有８例患者Ｈｐ阴转，胃氨浓度由治疗前的３０５７±１９６５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ降至１７６９±９７８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１），同时胃粘膜病变减轻或治愈．结论氨是Ｈｐ致病的重要因素之一．动态测定胃氨浓度可以间接反映Ｈｐ的感染情况，并可以作为判定治疗效果的一项指标．