胃炎灵胶囊对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠氧化-抗氧化平衡的影响

[目的]观察胃炎灵胶囊对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)模型大鼠氧化-抗氧化平衡的影响。[方法]设立空白对照组,并采用综合法复制CAG动物模型32只,随机分为4组,即模型组、胃炎灵大剂量组、胃炎灵小剂量组、维酶素组,每组8只。治疗后分别对各组大鼠胃组织谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO),胃组织及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平进行检测。[结果]与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胃组织GSH-Px、SOD活性下降(P<0.01),MDA、NO水平升高(P<0.01);血清SOD活性下降(P<0.01),MDA水平升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,胃炎灵胶囊可提高胃组织GSH-Px、SOD活性(P<0.05,<0.01),降低MDA、NO水平(P<0.01,<0.05),提高血清SOD活性(P<0.05),降低MDA水平(P<0.05),且以胃炎灵胶囊大剂量组作用显著。[结论]胃炎灵胶囊具有提高抗氧化酶活性,减轻自由基损伤和抑制脂质过氧化物反应的作用。     

威灵仙总皂苷对实验性非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠氧化应激的干预作用

目的:观察威灵仙总皂苷干预实验性非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)大鼠模型氧化应激的疗效,为临床应用威灵仙总皂苷防治NASH提供科学依据.方法:采用高脂饲料饲养SD大鼠建立实验性NASH大鼠模型,并给予威灵仙总皂苷灌胃干预,通过检测空白组、模型组、威灵仙总皂苷组和易善复组下腔静脉血清中总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量以及肝组织上清液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量,并分别统计分析各组间氧化能力的差异和抗氧化能力的差异,观察威灵仙总皂苷干预实验性NASH大鼠模型氧化应激的疗效.结果:威灵仙总皂苷组NASH大鼠与模型组相比,血清和肝组织MDA含量均明显降低(均P0.01),血清T-AOC和肝组织GSH-Px、CAT、SOD含量均明显升高(均P0.01);威灵仙总皂苷组NASH大鼠与易善复组相比,血清MDA、T-AOC和肝组织MDA、GSH-Px、CAT、SOD含量均相当(均P0.05).结论:威灵仙总皂苷可有效改善NASH大鼠的氧化应激,疗效与易善复相当.     

大豆异黄酮对糖尿病大鼠肝脏和睾丸组织氧化损伤的保护作用

目的研究大豆异黄酮对糖尿病大鼠肝脏和睾丸氧化损伤的保护作用。方法采用四氧嘧啶复制糖尿病动物模型,以大豆异黄酮为受试物,实验6w后,测定各实验组大鼠血糖,肝脏和睾丸组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与糖尿病组相比,大豆异黄酮组大鼠血糖明显降低(P<0.05),肝脏和睾丸组织GSH-Px活力增强(P<0.05),SOD活力增强(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.05);肝脏T-AOC明显增强(P<0.05),睾丸XOD活性明显降低(P<0.05)。结论大豆异黄酮可有效地降低血糖,拮抗肝脏和睾丸组织的氧化损伤,其机制与提高糖尿病大鼠组织抗氧化能力有关。     

龙眼参黄酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的 探讨龙眼参黄酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响.方法 采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型(MCAO),观察龙眼参黄酮对模型大鼠病理形态学的影响,并对其进行神经行为学评分,检测大鼠脑组织含水量、测定大鼠血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶( GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果 与模型组比较,龙眼参黄酮各剂量组大鼠脑组织的病理改变不同程度减轻;局灶性脑缺血所致的大鼠神经行为学变化减轻(P＜0.05);脑组织的含水量减少(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01);血清SOD、GSH-PX 、CAT的含量升高(P＜0.05);血清MDA水平降低.结论 龙眼参黄酮能减轻脑缺血损伤,对脑细胞具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化损伤有关.     

益心酮片对亚急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的研究益心酮片对亚急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法选择雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常组、模型组、益心酮低、高剂量组和维生素E组。以56°北京二锅头白酒连续灌胃4 w建立大鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型,造模同时每天按剂量(100、200 mg/kg)给予益心酮干预,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,并进行肝脏病理学观察。结果益心酮能明显降低大鼠血清ALT、AST活性,提高肝组织SOD、GSH、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量,并能减轻酒精引起的肝组织病理损伤。结论益心酮可能通过提高内源性抗氧化能酶活性,抑制大鼠肝脏氧化应激损伤保护酒精性肝损伤。     

维生素C、E对氟中毒大鼠不同组织抗氧化酶活性影响的研究

目的探讨氟中毒大鼠肝、肾、脑组织抗氧化酶类及脂质过氧化物的变化以及维生素 C、E 单独和联合干预以及不同剂量干预对高氟状态下大鼠抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物的影响。方法将120只 Wistar 大鼠随机分为9绀,饮水染氟建立氟中毒大鼠模型,并灌胃给予维生素 C 和/或维生素 E;9月后处死大鼠取肝、肾、腑组织测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氧酶(CAT)活性和脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果染氟组大鼠肝、肾、脑组织 MDA 含量显著增加,肝和腑绀织 SOD、GSH-Px 和 CAT 活性以及肾组织 GSH-Px 活性均显著降低(P<0.05),而肾组织 SOD、CAT 活性无明显变化;维生素 C、E 可不同程度地增强 SOD、GSH-Px 和 CAT 活性,降低 MDA 水平;联合干预维生素 C、E 可明显拮抗氟诱导的脂质过氧化作用,显著增强大鼠肝组织 SOD、GSH-Px 和 CAT活性;维生素 C 低制量干预对肾脏 SOD 和 CAT 以及脑 GSH-Px 和 CAT 具有明显的保护作用;维生素 E 高剂量干预显著增加脑 SOD 活性。结论维生素 C 和维生素 E 在一定剂量范围内可有效拮抗过量氟导敛的脂质过氧化作用,对氟中毒大鼠肝、肾、脑组织有明显的保护作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1与丹参酮ⅡA配伍对老龄大鼠血清SOD、MDA及GSH-Px含量的影响

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg1(GS Rg1)和丹参酮ⅡA(TSNⅡA)配伍组合对老龄大鼠的抗氧化作用及其机制。方法老龄雌性大鼠48只,随机分为对照组、GS Rg1组、TSNⅡA组和GS Rg1+TSNⅡA组,每组12只连续灌胃4 w,处死后取血测定各组大鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)值、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果与老龄对照组比较,GS Rg1可提高SOD活性、GSH-Px值(P<0.05),TSNⅡA可提高SOD活性(P<0.05)、GSH-Px值(P<0.01),两药单用均可降低MDA含量(P<0.05);两者配伍均可提高SOD活性及GSH-Px值(P<0.01)、降低MDA含量(P<0.01),与单独用药相比,联合用药效果显著(P<0.05)。结论 GS Rg1与TSNⅡA单用或配伍均对老龄大鼠具有抗氧化作用,且联合用药效果更加明显,其抗氧化机制可能是通过升高SOD酶活性、GSH-Px值及降低MDA实现。     

秋梨膏对纳米二氧化硅引起大鼠氧化损伤的影响

目的探讨秋梨膏对纳米二氧化硅引起大鼠心、肺、肝、肾氧化应激损伤的影响。方法将健康Wistar雄性大鼠分为对照组(气管滴注生理盐水,灌胃生理盐水)、染毒组(气管滴注纳米二氧化硅,灌胃生理盐水)和秋梨膏干预组(气管滴注纳米二氧化硅,灌胃秋梨膏),30 d后分别检测各组大鼠心、肺、肝、肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的改变。结果 3组大鼠心、肺、肝、肾各器官MDA含量均无统计学差异(P>0.05);与染毒组相比,秋梨膏干预组可明显增加大鼠肺组织中SOD活性,且可明显促进大鼠肝细胞中GSH-Px的表达(均P<0.05)。结论纳米二氧化硅可引起大鼠氧化应激反应,而秋梨膏可明显增强大鼠的抗氧化损伤能力。     

葱神清脂软胶囊对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

[目的]观察葱神清脂软胶囊对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的保护作用,并初步探讨其相关机制.[方法]SD大鼠40只,随机分为正常组、模型组、葱神清脂软胶囊组和易善复组,每组10只.实验4周后观察各组大鼠血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平,以及病理组织学的特点.[结果]2个治疗组大鼠血浆ALT、AST水平,肝组织SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、NO和NOS水平与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,<0.05),组织学观察表明2治疗组均能明显减轻肝组织脂肪变性.[结论]葱神清脂软胶囊对大鼠NAFLD具有很好的保护作用,其机制可能与对抗脂质过氧化反应,减少自由基的损伤有关.     

糖肝煎对糖尿病并脂肪肝大鼠氧化应激的影响

[目的]从氧化应激途径探讨中药复方糖肝煎改善糖脂代谢的作用机制。[方法]采用小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射加高脂饲料喂养方法,建立2型糖尿病并脂肪肝动物模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型对照(模型)组、文迪雅组、糖肝煎组。检测血糖、血清胰岛素、血脂、血清及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),与正常组对比。[结果]糖肝煎组与模型组比较,血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清及肝组织SOD、MDA、GSH-Px等指标均有所改善(P0.05或0.01);文迪雅组与模型组比较,血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清SOD、MDA、GSH-Px等指标有所改善(P0.05或0.01),而肝组织SOD、MDA、GSH-Px等指标无明显改善(P0.05);糖肝煎组与文迪雅组比较,上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]中药复方糖肝煎能有效改善2型糖尿病并脂肪肝大鼠的糖脂代谢,减轻胰岛素抵抗,其作用与西药文迪雅相当,可能是通过改善氧化应激途径来实现的。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.