变应性鼻炎对儿童中耳的影响

目的探讨变应性鼻炎对中耳听功能的影响。方法对变应性鼻炎患儿100例和正常儿童50例行耳镜检查、声导抗和纯音听阈的测定。分别对正常儿童组．轻度与中重度变应性鼻炎组的鼓膜异常率、鼓室导抗图异常率、听力损失率、昕阈值进行对比分析,并进行病程与各项观察指标的分析。结果轻度变应性鼻炎组与中重度鼻炎组、中重度鼻炎组与正常儿童组中耳病变和功能异常的发生率相比。差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）,而轻度变应性鼻炎组与正常儿童组相比,无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;轻度变应性鼻炎组和中重度变应性鼻炎组症状持续时间均与听力损失程度有相关性,病程越长听力损失越重,Spearman相关性检验,r值分别为0．86（P〈0．01）和0．79（P〈O．01）;三组纯音听阈均数经配对t检验,差异均有统计学意义户〈0．01）。结论儿童变应性鼻炎引起的中耳病变和听功能异常发生率较正常儿童显著提高,症状越重。病程越长,发生率越高。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎对中耳功能的影响

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎对中耳功能的影响。方法前瞻性研究218例慢性鼻窦炎和慢性肥厚性鼻炎患者的中耳功能,中耳功能异常的患者经鼻内镜鼻腔、鼻窦手术后复查鼓室导抗图和纯音测听。结果218例患者中28例(36耳)中耳功能异常,慢性鼻窦炎Ⅲ型患者中耳功能异常发生率显著高于慢性鼻窦炎Ⅰ型和慢性肥厚性鼻炎患者(P<0.05,P<0.01),慢性鼻窦炎Ⅱ型患者中耳功能异常发生率显著高于慢性肥厚性鼻炎患者(P<0.05)。经鼻内镜鼻腔、鼻窦手术后随访6.5月,36耳中治愈19耳,好转15耳,无效2耳。结论慢性鼻-鼻窦炎可能影响中耳功能,治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎有利于中耳功能恢复。     

慢性鼻窦炎病理因素对中耳功能影响的评价

目的 探讨慢性鼻窦炎对中耳功能的影响.方法 53例慢性鼻窦炎患者和10例健康成人,分别进行声导抗检查和纯音测听,采用多状态Logistic回归模型评价慢性鼻窦炎影响中耳功能的可能因素.结果 本组慢性鼻窦炎患者中,鼓室导抗图A型33例（62.26%）,As型4例（7.55%）,B型2例（3.77%）,C型14例（26.42%）;听力检查示正常听阈35例（66.04%）,轻度聋16例（30.19%）,中度聋2例（3.77%）.经过Logistic回归分析,最后确定了2项可能影响患者的鼓室导抗图和纯音听阈的因素,即筛窦的CT分型呈硬化型和提示病情较重的鼻窦炎临床分型和分期.结论 慢性鼻窦炎可影响中耳功能,尤其是筛窦呈硬化型、病变分型分期提示疾病病情重时,效应最为明显.     

正常人咽鼓管功能的综合法检测

目的：探讨综合法对正常人咽鼓管功能检测的实用性。方法：对３０例（６０耳）正常人分别检测静态时,捏鼻吞咽和捏鼻鼓气后的鼓室导抗图,其峰压点分别为Ｐ１,Ｐ２和Ｐ３,以Ｐ１－Ｐ２〉１０ｄａＰａ和Ｐｍａｘ－Ｐｍｉｎ〉１５ｄａＰａ判断为咽鼓管功能正常。     

咽鼓管-鼓室气流动态法对咽鼓管异常开放症的诊断价值

目的 :探讨咽鼓管异常开放症的检测方法。方法 :比较鼓室导抗图法、Morim itsu法和咽鼓管 -鼓室气流动态法 (TTAG法 )检测 2 0耳咽鼓管异常开放症患者的阳性率。结果 :鼓室导抗图法阳性者 5耳 ,阳性率 2 5 % ,Morim itsu法阳性者 12耳 ,阳性率 6 0 % ,TTAG法阳性者 2 0耳 ,阳性率 10 0 %。结论 :TTAG法是诊断和随访咽鼓管异常开放症最有价值的手段。     

中耳变压疗法在咽鼓管功能障碍患者中的应用

咽鼓管最重要的功能就是保持鼓室内外两侧压力的平衡。咽鼓管功能失调是引起中耳炎症尤其是分泌性中耳炎的重要原因之一。２０００年３月～５月对３０例（３５耳）咽鼓管机能障碍患者应用了中耳变压疗法,取得较好疗效,报告如下。１ 材料与方法１．１ 临床资料 根据临床症状体征及声导抗测试临床诊断为咽鼓管功能障碍患者３０例３５耳,其中男１６例,女１４例;年龄２４～７９岁,平均４５岁;病程５天～２年。鼓室导抗图与临床表现的关系见附表。 按临床症状的程度不同分为以下三度：（１）轻度：有轻度的耳闷塞感,鼓膜轻度内陷,呈淡红…     

腭裂修复术对中耳影响的初步探讨

目的　探讨腭裂修复术与中耳功能改善的关系。方法　对 35例 (70耳 )腭裂患者分别于术前、术后 1周进行ABR听阈测试 ;对能配合的 2 3例 (4 6耳 )腭裂患者分别于术前、术后 1周及术后 3月进行纯音听阈测试及鼓室导抗测试。结果　经统计学配对t检验和x2 检验 ,腭裂术前、术后ABR听阈及纯音听阈无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;鼓室导抗图术前与术后 1周有非常显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)、术前与术后 3月无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　腭裂修复术对中耳功能的影响需要一定的时间 ,因此 ,术后应长期追踪随访 ,及时发现并治疗中耳疾患 ,提高听力 ,改善语言功能     

儿童腺样体肥大与中耳咽鼓管功能相关性分析

目的:探讨腺样体大小与中耳功能和咽鼓管功能的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2004年2月~2004年10月因腺样体肥大收入院手术患儿的中耳功能,并比较腺样体肥大患儿和正常同龄儿童的咽鼓管功能的差异。结果:①腺样体大小与中耳压力有明显的负相关性(r=-0.41,P<0.05);②腺样体肥大患儿咽鼓管功能(13.9±13.2)daPa,与正常儿童咽鼓管功能(22.5±10.4)daPa比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.1,P<0.01);③患儿腺样体的大小程度与咽鼓管功能无明显相关性(r=-0.19,P>0.05)。结论:腺样体病理性肥大可引起咽鼓管功能障碍,是分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的发病基础。     

分泌性中耳炎C型鼓室导抗图咽鼓管功能的检测

目的：探讨分泌性中耳炎（ＳＯＭ）、鼓室导抗图为Ｃ型患者的咽鼓管功能。方法：检测捏鼻吞咽法和捏鼻鼓气法后的鼓室导抗图,峰压点的移动进行量化处理,评价３０例ＳＯＭ（４２耳）的咽鼓管功能,并与正常对照组相比较。结果：咽鼓管功能障碍者５２．３８％,与正常对照组相比有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：咽鼓管功能障碍是ＳＯＭ的病因之一,但并非唯一因素。     

腭裂修复术对中耳功能影响的客观评价

目的:评价腭裂修复术对中耳功能的影响。方法:比较腭裂组和手术组患者的纯音听阈和鼓室导抗图的测试结果。结果:经统计学检验,两组的纯音听阈及鼓室导抗图差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:腭裂患者中耳功能的恢复不能仅仅依靠腭裂修复术来完成,还需要耳鼻咽喉科医生的参与,及早发现并治疗中耳疾患。     

Seasonal allergic rhinitis and its effects on Eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure

Middle ear pressure was recorded from 396 ears and aural symptoms enquired of 198 adult subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Evidence of Eustachian tube dysfunction was found in 24% of subjects. Increased duration of exposure to pollen over a further 2 weeks increased the incidence of Eustachian tube dysfunction to 48%. The development of Eustachian tube dysfunction did not correlate with the severity of nasal symptoms.     

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis—A rare but serious comorbidity of allergic rhinitis and eustachian tube dysfunction

Objective

To determine the prevalence of symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and evaluate eustachian tube (ET) function using tympanometry.

Methods

The patients underwent an otolaryngological examination and symptoms of rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching and sneezing were evaluated for the diagnosis of AR. Tympanometry was performed by a middle ear analyzer (Impedance audiometer AZ 26, Interacoustics A/S, Assens, Denmark). Blood samples were collected for determination of peripheral blood eosinophil count (PBEC) and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergen sensitivity was also determined by skin prick test.

Results

The study included 26 males (96.3%) and 1 female (3.7%) with a mean age of 12.1 ± 4.4 years. Eight out of 27 subjects (29.6%) had blood eosinophilia and 11 out of 27 subjects had elevated serum IgE (40.7%). A positive skin prick test was identified for at least one allergen in 40% of patients (10/25 subjects). Symptoms and signs of AR were found in 10 subjects (37%). Median serum IgE level in subjects with AR (262.5 kU/L) was higher than without AR (40.2 kU/L) (p = 0.08), whereas there were no differences in PBEC or eosinophilia percentage (p > 0.05). Mean middle ear pressures in the right and left ears were −66.4 daPa (range between −268 and 4 daPa) and −57.3 daPa (range between −308 and 0 daPa), respectively. The tympanometry results were abnormal in 5 subjects (18.5%) (3 type C and 2 type B tympanogram). Three out of 10 VKC patients with AR (30%) and 2 out of 17 VKC patients without AR (11.8%) had abnormal tympanograms (p = 0.33).

Conclusion

AR is commonly associated with VKC and subjects with AR are almost three times more likely to have ET dysfunction than those without. Therefore, opthalmologists should refer VKC patients to otolaryngologists to delineate associated AR and ET dysfunction. Conversely, patients with OME and/or AR who have persistent allergic eye symptoms may well benefit from opthalmologic evaluation for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and VKC.     

中耳胆脂瘤手术同期行咽鼓管球囊扩张的临床观察

目的评价改良完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术同期行咽鼓管球囊扩张治疗中耳胆脂瘤并咽鼓管功能障碍的临床疗效。方法选取中耳胆脂瘤并咽鼓管功能障碍患者共64例,所有患者术前通过正负压平衡试验、鼓室滴药、Valsalva动作难易程度评分均证实为咽鼓管功能障碍。将患者随机分为对照组和观察组,其中对照组36例,观察组28例,对照组改良完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术,观察组行改良完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术并同期咽鼓管球囊扩张,记录两组术前及术后咽鼓管功能问卷评分（ETDQ 7）、干耳时间、纯音电测听及鼓室导抗图检查结果,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果所有患者成功接受手术,术后随访6个月至1年,术前ETDQ 7评分、Valsalva测试、正负压平衡试验及纯音电测听（4PTA）对照组和观察组无统计学差异（P>0.05）;术后6个月对照组和观察组ETDQ 7评分、纯音测听（4PTA）阈值均较术前明显降低（P<0.05）;术后6个月对照组和观察组ETDQ 7评分、纯音测听（4PTA）阈值、鼓室导抗图、鼓膜内陷征象及干耳时间两组对比差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论咽鼓管功能不良是中耳胆脂瘤的一个重要因素,小样本随访发现改良完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术同期咽鼓管球囊扩张治疗中耳胆脂瘤并咽鼓管功能障碍的短期效果良好,但其远期疗效有待对更大样本进一步观察。     

儿童鼻窦炎对咽鼓管与中耳传音功能的影响

目的：探讨儿童鼻窦炎对咽鼓管与中耳传音功能的影响及程度,观察治疗鼻窦炎后,中耳传音功能障碍的恢复情况。方法：对儿童鼻窦炎100例和正常儿童50例行耳科检查、咽鼓管咽口观察、声阻抗检查、纯音测听,对比结果;对鼻窦炎合并耳病变的68例患者（128耳）行有针对性的治疗。结果：鼻窦炎患者中鼓膜异常率为64%、咽鼓管咽口异常率为62%、咽鼓管功能异常率为63.5%、鼓室导抗图异常率为62.5%,听力减退47.5%,与正常儿童组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。急性鼻窦炎、亚急性鼻窦炎与慢性鼻窦炎中耳病变的发生率和程度相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗鼻窦炎后,中耳传音功能障碍有明显改善。结论：儿童鼻窦炎引起咽鼓管功能的改变,中耳病变发生率较正常儿童显著增高;随病程的延长,发病率增高且程度加重。     

Daily tympanometry as a functional measure of middle ear status and Eustachian tube function

Objective

Tympanometry is a relatively simple method to assess middle ear (ME) status and pressure. Daily, serial tympanometric measurements may contain information on the constitutional efficiency of Eustachian tube function (ETF). A study was conducted to determine family compliance with an effort-intensive protocol that requires daily tympanometry done on each child, daily symptom recording by a parent and weekly visits with study personnel and to abstract measures that summarize the data as they relate to ETF.

Methods

Longitudinal 6-month, daily follow-up on 249 children from 123 families by parent-recorded bilateral tympanometry and cold-like illnesses.

Results

Study attrition was minimal with 90% of the enrolled families completing 90% of the study period. Parental compliance with daily tympanometry was less. Overall, 67% of the families were 80% compliant and 51% were 90% compliant. Two measures (aMEP, average middle ear pressure; vMEP, standard deviation of MEP) were evaluated for summaries of the longitudinal tympanometric results. These measures were not bilaterally independent or mutually independent and were affected by cold-burden and age. The best summary measure of constitutional ET efficiency may be a dimensional map of vMEP on aMEP with subsequent subdivision of the dimensional space into zones with functional interpretations.

Conclusion

Long-term studies that require daily parental recording of tympanometry and the presence/absence of cold-like illness are feasible. It is expected that compliance with the required procedures can be increased substantially by pre-selection of candidate families. Preliminary data analyses suggest that the longitudinal tympanometric data contains important information on constitutional ETF.     

Eustachian tube closing failure in children with persistent middle ear effusion

One important role of the Eustachian tube is to protect the middle ear from the extensive physiological pressure variations that take place in the nasopharynx, for example on sniffing. In a previous investigation in 50 children with persistent middle ear effusion a surprisingly high percentage of ears were evacuated by sniffing. The present study was undertaken in a second series of children, and results were found to be reproducible. In total 156 ears in 100 children have been investigated. In 63% of ears (73% of subjects) evacuation of the middle ear took place on sniffing. Results show that Eustachian tube malfunction in these subjects is characterized by a reduced protective function; a condition denoted "Eustachian tube closing failure".     

Tests of Eustachian tube function and ear surgery

Few objective measures exist to predict the outcome of ear surgery. Clinical and experimental experience has shown the key role of the Eustachian tube in this respect, but clinical testing is seldom performed. The present study confirms that Eustachian tube testing may be of clinical significance by comparing preoperative test results before myringoplasty with the late results of this operation. In 157 patients the ability to equilibrate a static air pressure of plus or minus 200 mm of water passively or actively was tested. It turned out that in those 15% who could equilibrate minus 200 mm passively a 7 times higher rate of succssful myringoplasty was found. Ears with cholesteatoma showed less ability to equilibrate actively. Despite these findings it is concluded that the present tests are insufficient for clinical use.