迷你双螺纹空心钉结合截骨治疗拇外翻

背景：拇外翻畸形矫正方式多样,采用迷你双螺纹空心钉材料结合截骨矫形的方式损伤小,能够满足拇外翻矫形的目的,是临床上新型的微创生物型内固定材料。目的：回顾性分析迷你双螺纹空心钉材料应用于截骨矫形拇外翻治疗中的临床疗效。方法：选择拇外翻畸形患者30例,其中双侧矫形患者8例,单侧矫形患者22例。根据自愿均采用第一跖骨截骨矫形迷你双螺纹空心钉内固定,治疗前后拍摄X射线片测量外翻角、跖间角、籽骨位置,进行AOFAS评分,并计算第一跖骨短缩长度。结果与结论：采用迷你双螺纹空心钉结合截骨矫形治疗后,拇外翻畸形患者的外翻角、跖间角、AOFAS评分及籽骨位置较治疗前明显改善,第一跖骨短缩在矫形可控范围内避免畸形复发及跖骨痛。     

拇外翻与第一跖跗关节形态改变

目的了解拇外翻患者前足有关解剖比如第一跖跗关节的X线片的测量数据变化及其与拇外翻的关系。方法分别测量拇外翻患者(101足)前足正位X线片上第一、二跖骨间夹角、第一楔骨关节面与其外侧皮质骨间的角度(暂称为尖角)第一跖骨与第5跖骨间夹角(暂称1-5角)、第一跖骨骨干与其基底部关节面形成的角度(暂称基底角)等数据,并与跖骨或趾骨骨折患者16名(16足)的X线片同部位测量结果比较。结果轻、中、重度和前足内收型拇外翻组第一、二跖骨间分别为9.5°、10.0°、11.0°和10.3°,第一、第五跖骨间角分别为24°、28.3°、30.3°和29.9°。第一楔骨尖角分别为57.6°、54.9°、52.9°和49.7°,第一跖骨基底角分别为99.4°、99.5°、101.4°和102.1°。结论(1)尖角随拇外翻增加而减小。(2)1～2跖骨间角、1～5跖骨间角、基底角(重度以上拇外翻除外)随拇外翻增加而增加。(3)第一跖跗关节和第一楔骨畸形在拇外翻形成和治疗中可能有一定意义。     

微创第1跖骨远端截骨技术治疗轻中度拇外翻临床观察

<正>拇外翻是前足部最常见的畸形,其病理改变包括:第1跖骨内收,拇趾外翻、旋前,第1跖趾关节外侧关节囊挛缩,第1跖骨头内侧出现骨赘、进而出现拇囊炎[1-2]。对于局部疼痛长期保守治疗效果差的患者,往往需要手术治疗。一般认为,第1跖骨远端截骨技术对于轻、中度拇外翻,且第1、2跖骨间角不超过20°的病例具有较好的治疗效果,并可以明显改善增大的近端     

拇外翻与第一跖跗关节形态改变

目的 了解拇外翻患者前足有关解剖比如第一跖跗关节的X线片的测量数据变化及其与拇外翻的关系。方法 分别测量拇外翻患者（101足）前足正位X线片上第一、二跖骨间夹角、第一楔骨关节面与其外侧皮质骨间的角度（暂称为尖角）第一跖骨与第5跖骨间夹角（暂称1－5角）、第一跖骨骨干与其基底部关节面形成的角度（暂称基底角）等数据，并与跖骨或趾骨骨折患者16名（16足）的X线片同部位测量结果比较。结果 轻、中、重度和前足内收型拇外翻组第一、二跖骨间分别为9．5&;#176;、10．0&;#176;、11．0&;#176;和10．3&;#176;，第一、第五跖骨间角分别为24&;#176;、28．3&;#176;、30．3&;#176;和29．9&;#176;。第一楔骨尖角分别为57．6&;#176;、54．9&;#176;、52．9&;#176;和49．7&;#176;，第一跖骨基底角分别为99．4&;#176;、99．5&;#176;、101．4&;#176;和102．1&;#176;。结论 （1）尖角随拇外翻增加而减小。（2）1－2跖骨间角、1－5跖骨间角、基底角（重度以上拇外翻除外）随拇外翻增加而增加。（3）第一跖跗关节和第一楔骨畸形在拇外翻形成和治疗中可能有一定意义。     

踇外翻足X线二维测定的意义

目的应用X线平片进行二维测量,探讨踇外翻与足部其它畸形的相关性.方法外翻手术患者共计24例27足,志愿者27例27足,常规进行足部正位、负重侧位摄片,测定踇外翻角、跖骨内收角、第1楔骨跖骨关节角、I-II跖骨间角、I-V跖骨间角、II-V跖骨间角、远端关节固定角、近端关节固定角、跟骨倾斜角、内弓顶角、距骨-第1跖骨角、跟骨关节面-胫骨轴线角,检测踇外翻与足部其它畸形的相关性.结果正常足与踇外翻足的外翻角、跖骨内收角、第1楔跖关节角、I-II跖骨间角、I-V跖骨间角、远端关节固定角、内弓顶角、距骨-第1跖骨角之间存在显著差异;II-V跖骨间角、近端关节固定角与跟骨-胫骨轴线角之间未见明显差异.结论踇外翻足存在第1跖骨内收畸形,原发于第1楔跖关节;与内侧纵弓塌陷导致的扁平足伴发,但是不一定会表现出扁平足症状.建议外翻术前进行必要的影像学检查,以单足负重正、侧位片为最佳,必要时增加跟骨轴位片,明确病变严重程度与伴发畸形,认真评价发病机制,合理选择治疗手段.     

第一跖骨基底部楔形截骨联合改良Mcbride手术治疗中重度拇外翻

目的探讨第一跖骨基底部楔形截骨联合改良Mcbride手术治疗中重度拇外翻的疗效。方法以江苏省人民医院2010年1月至2017年8月收治的80例拇外翻患者为对象,共131足。其中中重度拇外翻68足,对此68足拇外翻患者均予以第一跖骨基底部楔形截骨联合改良Mcbride手术治疗,分析疗效。结果随访时间均为术后1年,拇外翻角、第一与二跖骨夹角、第一跖骨远端关节面角均小于术前,差异有统计学意义(P均<0. 01);并发症发生率为3. 33%(2/68)。术后1年VAS疼痛评分(1. 68±0. 12)分,较术前的(6. 65±0. 31)分降低(P <0. 01),AOFAS评分(89. 54±2. 36)分,较术前的(42. 38±3. 42)分升高(P <0. 01)。结论第一跖骨基底部楔形截骨联合改良Mcbride手术治疗中重度拇外翻,可改善患者症状,且并发症少,可有效缓解患者疼痛、促进足部功能康复。     

[足母]外翻足X线二维测定的意义

目的：应用X线平片进行二维测量，探讨[足母]外翻与足部其它畸形的相关性。方法：外翻手术患者共计24例27足，志愿者27例27足，常规进行足部正位、负重侧位摄片，测定[足母]外翻角、跖骨内收角、第1楔骨跖骨关节角、Ⅰ-Ⅱ跖骨间角、Ⅰ-Ⅴ跖骨间角、Ⅱ-Ⅴ跖骨间角、远端关节固定角、近端关节固定角、跟骨倾斜角、内弓顶角、距骨-第1跖骨角、跟骨关节面-胫骨轴线角，检测[足母]外翻与足部其它畸形的相关性。结果：正常足与[足母]外翻足的外翻角、跖骨内收角、第1楔跖关节角、Ⅰ-Ⅱ跖骨间角、Ⅰ-Ⅴ跖骨间角、远端关节固定角、内弓顶角、距骨～第1跖骨角之间存在显著差异；Ⅱ-Ⅴ跖骨间角、近端关节固定角与跟骨一胫骨轴线角之间未见明显差并。结论：[足母]外翻足存在第1跖骨内收畸形，原发于第1楔跖关节；与内侧纵弓塌陷导致的扁平足伴发，但是不一定会表现出扁平足症状。建议外翻术前进行必要的影像学检查，以单足负重正、侧位片为最佳，必要时增加跟骨轴位片．明确病变严重程度与伴发畸形，认真评价发病机制，合理选择治疗手段。     

小切口跖骨远端截骨治疗拇外翻30例

目的探讨小切口跖骨远端截骨治疗拇外翻的临床疗效。方法以许昌市中心医院2009年1月至2011年1月所收治的30例拇外翻患者为实验对象,共50只足。所有患者均行小切口跖骨远端截骨治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床治疗效果。结果患者对临床治疗的满意度为90%,患者的第一、二跖骨间角,X线测量拇外翻和AOFAS评分均显著优于治疗前,患者临床治疗前后实验数据对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小切口跖骨远端截骨治疗拇外翻,具有较为理想的临床疗效,因而临床应用价值较高。     

拇外翻术后拇外翻角和第1-2跖骨间角X射线测量方法评价

背景:拇外翻术后拇外翻角和第1-2跖骨间角的测量关键在于第1跖骨轴线的确定。第1跖骨轴线的不同确定方法,造成了这两个角度测量值的差异,使不同临床研究之间的数据不具有可比性。对于拇外翻术后角度测量,国内外尚未形成公认的标准方法。目的:回顾不同拇外翻术后拇外翻角和第1-2跖骨间角的测量方法的研究进展,为拇外翻的术后测量与评价研究提供参考。方法:由第一作者在2012年2月检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库以及万方数据库。其中,英文检索词为:"hallux valgus"、"angles"、"radiographic measurements"。中文检索词为"拇外翻"、"角度"、"X射线测量"。选取29篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:最好的测量方法其标记点必须是易于确定,可重复性好,应尽量避免受到截骨部位及跖骨本身解剖变异的影响。拇外翻术后X射线测量方法目前多用头部中心/基底部中心测量方法。专业化的工具软件测量取代手工测量是未来拇外翻术后X射线测量的发展趋势。     

拇外翻术后拇外翻角和第1-2跖骨间角X射线测量方法评价

背景：拇外翻术后拇外翻角和第1-2跖骨间角的测量关键在于第1跖骨轴线的确定。第1跖骨轴线的不同确定方法,造成了这两个角度测量值的差异,使不同临床研究之间的数据不具有可比性。对于拇外翻术后角度测量,国内外尚未形成公认的标准方法。目的：回顾不同拇外翻术后拇外翻角和第1-2跖骨间角的测量方法的研究进展,为拇外翻的术后测量与评价研究提供参考。方法：由第一作者在2012年2月检索PubMed、中国期刊全文数据库以及万方数据库。其中,英文检索词为：＂hallux valgus＂、＂angles＂、＂radiographic measurements＂。中文检索词为＂拇外翻＂、＂角度＂、＂X射线测量＂。选取29篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论：最好的测量方法其标记点必须是易于确定,可重复性好,应尽量避免受到截骨部位及跖骨本身解剖变异的影响。拇外翻术后X射线测量方法目前多用头部中心/基底部中心测量方法。专业化的工具软件测量取代手工测量是未来拇外翻术后X射线测量的发展趋势。     

Effect of toe-spread-out exercise on hallux valgus angle and cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with hallux valgus

[Purpose] This study investigated whether the toe-spread-out exercise affects the hallux valgus angle, the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle, and the hallux valgus angle during active abduction. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-four subjects with hallux valgus were randomly assigned to orthosis and orthosis plus toe-spread-out exercise groups. The orthosis group wore the orthosis for 8 weeks, while the orthosis plus toe-spread-out group also performed the toe-spread-out exercise. The hallux valgus angle, the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle, and the hallux valgus angle during active abduction were measured initially and after 8 weeks by radiography and ultrasonography. [Results] While there were no significant changes in the three parameters in the orthosis group, there were significant differences in the orthosis plus toe-spread-out exercise group after 8 weeks. In addition there were significant differences in the three measures between the two groups. [Conclusion] The toe-spread-out exercise reduces the hallux valgus angle and hallux valgus angle during active abduction, and increases the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis muscle. The toe-spread-out exercise is recommended for patients with mild to moderate hallux valgus.Key words: Hallux valgus, Radiography, Toe-spread-out exercise     

康复疗法在微创技术治疗拇外翻术后的疗效观察

目的探讨微创技术治疗拇外翻术后系统规范的康复疗法的疗效。方法选取采用微创技术治疗的100例拇外翻患者,术后实施规范的康复治疗,观察手术前后拇外翻角度HAV、第一和第二跖骨间角度M角、拇趾-跖趾-趾间关节AOFAS评分指标。结果 100例拇外翻微创小切口手术患者均手术成功,无护理并发症发生;患者术后关节功能优良率高达97.92%,术后HAV角度平均矫正20.07°,M角度平均矫正4.29°,拇趾-跖趾-趾间关节AOFAS评分较术前提高30.79分。结论将康复疗法应用于微创技术治疗拇外翻术后,可恢复关节功能,有效预防跖趾关节粘连,减少手术并发症。     

The effects of a new foot-toe orthosis in treating painful hallux valgus

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a new foot-toe orthosis on painful hallux valgus. DESIGN: Uncontrolled intervention study. SETTING: An outpatient clinic in a tertiary medical center with an orthotic laboratory in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen patients with painful hallux valgus. INTERVENTION: Application of a new total contact insole with fixed toe separator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The hallux valgus angle, an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS-11) for pain assessment, and walking ability scale. RESULTS: The average hallux valgus angle reduction +/- standard deviation was 6.5 degrees +/-3.8 degrees after insole application (P<.001). An improvement on the NRS-11 pain scale from 4.06+/-2.8 to 0.88+/-1.17 (P<.001) was noted after immediate insole application and was.42+/-.67 (P=.002) 3 months later for the 12 patients who completed the study. The walking ability scale improved at least 1 grade or more after the insole was worn for 3 months (P=.002). All patients tolerated the insole well without any clinical evidence of skin ulcers or blisters. CONCLUSION: Our new total contact insole with fixed toe separator reduced pain, and improved walking ability and the hallux valgus angle. It is an effective alternative treatment for patients with painful hallux valgus.     

可吸收螺钉在踇外翻第1跖骨远端改良chevron截骨中的应用

背景：第1跖骨远端改良chevron截骨是治疗踇外翻的常用术式,应用可吸收螺钉进行固定的效果尚存争议。目的：评价可吸收钉在踇外翻第1跖骨远端改良chevron截骨中的应用效果。方法：对8例中度踇外翻患者行远端改良chevron截骨,V形截骨后采用1枚2.7mm可吸收螺钉固定,穿前足免负重鞋6～8周。结果与结论：纳入的8例患者均获随访,随访时间28～46个月。患者伤口均一期愈合,踇外翻角改善为15°～21°,平均（17.63±2.07）°;第1,2跖骨间角为7°～9°,平均（8.00±0.76）°;美国足踝外科协会踇趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分由术前的（70.13±7.10）分提高到术后的（92.75±7.30）分（P〈0.05）。说明远端改良chevron截骨后使用可吸收螺钉固定治疗轻中度踇外翻疗效可靠,是一种有效的固定方法。     

Correlation between Manchester Grading Scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score in Patients with Hallux Valgus

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between the Manchester Grading Scale and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score in patients with a hallux valgus deformity.

Subjects and Methods

The study sample included 181 feet of 122 patients with hallux valgus and 424 feet of 212 individuals without hallux valgus deformity as the control group. The severity of hallux valgus, utilizing a relative nonmetric scale, the Manchester Grading Scale, and the metric AOFAS score, was determined for all individuals in the hallux valgus and control groups. SPSS version 18 (Chicago, Ill., USA) was used for data analysis.

Results

According to the Manchester Grading Scale, the 424 feet of the normal group were classified as ‘no deformity−. In the hallux valgus group, 85 feet were classified as ‘mild deformity−, 67 as ‘moderate deformity'' and 29 as ‘severe deformity−. The AOFAS total score in the control group was 99.14. In the hallux valgus group, patients with mild or moderate deformity had total scores of 86.20 and 68.19, respectively. For those with severe hallux valgus, the total score was 44.69 and the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.000). Using the Pearson correlation, strong negative correlations were found between the AOFAS score and the hallux valgus angle (HVA; r = −0.899, p = 0.000). Strong negative correlations were demonstrated between the AOFAS score and the first intermetatarsal angle (IMA) as well (r = −0.748, p = 0.000).

Conclusions

The AOFAS score was negatively associated with the Manchester Grading Scale, HVA and first IMA. As the severity of hallux valgus increased, the AOFAS score seemed to decrease.Key Words: Hallux valgus, Manchester Grading Scale, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score     

The study of surface electromyography used for the assessment of abductor hallucis muscle activity in patients with hallux valgus

Background: Hallux valgus is a common foot disorder. In patients with hallux valgus, the anatomy and biomechanics of foot is subject to alterations. Objective: The aim of this clinical and neurophysiological study is to compare the activity of abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscle between the group of patients with hallux valgus and control group of healthy people, with the use of surface electromyography. Methods: The study involved 44 feet with diagnosed hallux valgus (research group) and 42 feet without deformation (control group). The X-ray images, measurements of range of motion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint and in hallux interphalangeal joint, and the surface electromyography study recorded from AbdH muscle were performed. Results: Considering the amplitude of motor unit action potential, study participants with hallux valgus demonstrate significantly less activity of AbdH muscle than people without hallux valgus deformity. This activity is not dependent on the severity of valgus, age, or range of motion. Conclusions: It is speculated that the changes of the AbdH function may occur in the period before clinical appearance of hallux valgus deformity, or at the onset of distortion development. Further studies are needed for a comprehensive assessment of AbdH muscle in patients with hallux valgus.     

Scarf联合Akin截骨治疗中重度拇外翻畸形疗效分析

目的探讨Scarf联合Akin截骨治疗中重度拇外翻畸形临床疗效及手术指证。方法 68例108足中重度拇外翻畸形行Scarf截骨＋Akin截骨治疗,术后采用AOFAS评分联合X线片观察疗效及影像学改变。结果 68例获随访6~12个月;手术切口均一期愈合,截骨处愈合时间12周,无延迟愈合或不愈合,术后无并发症发生,治疗优良率96%;术后拇外翻角度、第1、2跖骨间角及胫侧籽骨位置（（5.70±1.25）°、（6.20±0.92）°、（2.48±0.51）级）均较术前（（40.20±5.43）°、（18.00±2.00）°、（4.98±0.65）级）明显下降（P〈0.05）,AOFAS评分（（88.30±7.06）分）较术前（（50.80±6.09）分）明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论 Scarf＋Akin截骨手术可技术互补,治疗中重度拇外翻畸形效果良好。