阿片类药物对老年患者经尿道激光碎石术苏醒质量的影响

目的 观察阿片类药物对老年患者经尿道激光碎石术苏醒质量的影响. 方法 择期经尿道激光碎石手术患者134例,年龄65～79岁,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组:瑞芬太尼组(R组)46例、瑞芬太尼+芬太尼组(RF组)44例、芬太尼组(F组)44例.R组,采用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)进行麻醉诱导和麻醉维持;RF组,丙泊酚TCI麻醉诱导,静脉注射芬太尼2μg/kg,丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼TCI麻醉维持;F组,丙泊酚TCI麻醉诱导,芬太尼4 μg/kg,丙泊酚TCI麻醉维持.手术结束后送入PACU,记录患者被转入PACU时(T1)、拔除喉罩前2 min (T2)、拔除喉罩即刻(T3)和拔除喉罩后5 min(Td)4个时间点的MAP、HR,记录拔除喉罩后VAS评分和苏醒期芬太尼用量,记录患者睁眼时间、拔除喉罩时间和PACU驻留时间. 结果 麻醉苏醒期间R组在T1～T3时点MAP[(110±18)、(122±13)、(121±14) mmHg(1 mmHg=0A33 kPa)]和HR[(79±15)、(97±17)、(99±18)次/min]高于RF组(P＜0.05);R组VAS[(1.8±1.4)分]高于RF组[(0.9±0.9)分]和F组[(0.9±0.9)分](P＜0.05);R组需芬太尼镇痛患者比例高于其他两组(P＜0.05);F组的睁眼时间、拔喉罩时间以及PACU驻留时间比RF组和R组长(P＜0.05). 结论 老年患者经尿道激光碎石术应用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼+芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉比丙泊酚单纯复合瑞芬太尼或芬太尼苏醒期间血流动力学平稳、苏醒迅速、术后镇痛效果好.     

术后泵注瑞芬太尼对围拔管期的影响

目的 探讨术后泵注不同剂量瑞芬太尼对围拔管期患者心血管反应和麻醉恢复的影响.方法 择期行乳腺腺瘤切除术或甲状腺腺瘤切除术患者80例,随机均分为四组,术毕分别将瑞芬太尼泵速减至0.01、0.03、0.05 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (R1、R2、R3组),C组停止泵注瑞芬太尼.记录瑞芬太尼减量前(T1)、患者清醒吸痰时(T2)和拔管时(T3)的SBP、DBP、HR.观察患者对导管留置的耐受程度以及疼痛VAS评分.结果 与T1时比较,T2、T3时四组患者SBP、DBP明显升高,HR显著增快(P＜0.05).T2、T3时R1、R2、R3组SBP、DBP明显低于C组,HR明显慢于C组(P＜0.05).自主呼吸恢复、睁眼和拔管时间R1、R2、R3组显著长于C组(P＜0.05),R3组显著长于R1、R2组(P＜0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉后以0.01～0.03 μg· kg-1·min-1速率持续静脉输注可减轻患者围拔管期心血管反应,对呼吸抑制作用较弱.     

亚睡眠剂量丙泊酚对瑞芬太尼术后躁动的抑制作用

目的 探讨亚睡眠剂量丙泊酚对瑞芬太尼术后躁动的抑制作用.方法 择期下腹部手术患者40例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机均分为两组,均在手术结束前15 min停异氟醚和瑞芬太尼,P组持续输注丙泊酚1.0 μg·kg-1·min-1,C组不用,两组根据行为疼痛评分追加芬太尼,拔管后15min应用PCA镇痛,记录术后24 h应用芬太尼总量.结果 C组第一次应用芬太尼的时间明显短于P组(P<0.05),至拔管后15 min追加芬太尼的次数明显多于P组(P<0.05),术后24 h应用芬太尼总量明显多于P组(P<0.05),拔管后5、10、15 min的行为疼痛评分明显高于P组,镇静评分低于P组(P<0.05).结论 亚睡眠剂量丙泊酚可以缓解瑞芬太尼引起的术后躁动.     

阿芬太尼与瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于鼻内镜手术效果的比较

目的 比较全凭静脉麻醉(TIVA)应用阿芬太尼或瑞芬太尼对鼻内镜手术(ESS)效果的影响。方法 选择择期行鼻内镜手术的患者130例，男62例，女68例，年龄18～64岁，BMI 18～30 kg/m²,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机将患者分为两组：阿芬太尼组(A组)和瑞芬太尼组(R组)。A组麻醉诱导依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.02 mg/kg、丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)3μg/ml、阿芬太尼20μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,麻醉维持采用丙泊酚靶控输注复合阿芬太尼泵注。R组麻醉诱导依次静脉注射咪达唑仑0.02 mg/kg、丙泊酚TCI 3μg/ml、瑞芬太尼1μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,麻醉维持采用丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼泵注。记录术中高血压、心动过速、低血压、心动过缓等血流动力学不良反应发生情况，术后30、60 min、24 h的疼痛程度，拔管时间，术后24 h内补救镇痛情况和恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等不良反应发生情况。结果 与R组比较，A组术中低血压发生率明显降低(P<0.05),术后30、60 min无痛发生率明显升高(P<0.05),...     

瑞芬太尼复合芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究

目的对比研究瑞芬太尼复合芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉与单纯使用瑞芬太尼或芬太尼静脉复合麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的效果。方法60例择期LC患者，随机分为三组：单纯瑞芬太尼组（R）、瑞芬太尼＋芬太尼组（RF）和单纯芬太尼组（F）（n=20）。观察记录全麻诱导、维持及苏醒期平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、SpO2，停药至患者自主呼吸恢复时间、意识恢复时间、拔除气管导管时间，病人拔管后即刻、1、3、7、12h的疼痛程度评分（VRS）、意识状态评分（OAAS）及苏醒期并发症。结果与RF、F组及组内诱导前比，R组诱导插管时MAP较低，HR较快，术毕MAP较高，HR增快，术中维持过程无明显差异。RF、F两组间及组内在诱导与维持过程MAP及HR无明显差异，拔管及离开手术室时RF组MAP升高、HR增快。R、RF两组术后各观察指标时间差异无显著性，F组明显延长。三组术后并发症无统计学差异。R组术后VRS明显高于RF、F组（P〈0．01）；组内与拔管后即刻相比，R组术后VRS评分均明显升高，RF、F组无明显变化。F组在拔管后即刻，术后1、3h的OAAS均明显低于R、RF组（P〈0．01）。结论与单纯使用瑞芬太尼或芬太尼麻醉相比较，在麻醉诱导期复合使用瑞芬太尼和芬太尼，后期再以瑞芬太尼维持麻醉，其麻醉效应更加平稳，苏醒质量不受明显影响，术后不良反应更轻，并可减少患者术后对于镇痛的要求。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中的应用效果。方法随机将接受LC的70例老年患者分为2组,每组35例。观察组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉,对照组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚持续静脉输注麻醉。通过警觉/镇静评分系统(OAA/S)对麻醉效果进行评定,并比较2组患者的呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间。结果 2组患者术中、术后各个时间段OAA/S评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年患者LC时应用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉效果优秀,安全性高。麻醉撤药后患者苏醒快,利于老年人术后恢复。     

雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉在电视胸腔镜手术病人的应用

目的评价雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉在电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)中的麻醉效果。方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级于电视胸腔镜下行自发性肺大泡缝扎术病人40例,随机分为雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(R组)和芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(F组),每组20例。观察麻醉诱导及气管插管时BP、HR;记录术毕停药后病人自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间及拔管时间;记录拔管后即刻、30min和24h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS);随访记录术中知晓发生率和术后恶心呕吐等副作用。结果R组插管期心血管副作用显著低于F组(P<0.05)。R组术后自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间及拔管时间明显短于F组(P<0.05)。R组拔管后即刻、30min的VAS高于F组(P<0.05)。两组病人均未出现术中知晓,术后的恶心呕吐发生率差异无显著意义。结论雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉可安全、有效地应用于电视胸腔镜下自发性肺大泡缝扎术。雷米芬太尼半衰期短,需提前实施术后镇痛。     

丙泊酚瑞芬太尼靶控输注全麻在输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中的应用

目的研究丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全麻在经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法将80例在全麻下行输尿管镜钬激光碎石手术的患者随机分为两组,丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注组(R组)和丙泊酚复合芬太尼组(F组),每组40例。记录麻醉前、麻醉后5 min、10 min和停药后10 min的DBP、SBP、HR、SpO2。记录患者手术时间、苏醒时间、离室时间。结果两组均顺利完成手术,无严重不良反应发生。两组患者在麻醉后5 min、10 min的SBP和DBP较术前下降明显(P0.05)。R组患者苏醒时间和离开手术室时间较F组短(P0.01)。结论丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注全麻应用于输尿管镜钬激光碎石术手术,苏醒迅速,安全有效。     

丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合高频通气在纤维支气管镜术中的应用

目的 本研究探讨丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合高频通气在诊断性纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)术中应用的可行性.方法 88例拟行诊断性纤支镜术患者随机分为常规适度镇静组(PF组,n=42)和高频通气靶控输注组(PRH组,n=46),PF组静注芬太尼50μg及丙泊酚1.5mg/kg,术中根据患者意识、体动和咳嗽情况每次静注丙泊酚20 mg,PRH组静脉血浆靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼,初始血浆靶浓度分别为4 μg/ml和4 ng/ml,并行高频通气,术中根据情况调整瑞芬太尼靶浓度.观察记录患者的SpO2、MAP、HR、咳嗽评分、动脉血PCO2、纤支镜检查时间、意识恢复时间、低氧血症发生率、患者满意度评分等指标.结果 PF组平均SpO2、最低SpO2均明显低于PRH组,低氧血症发生率明显高于PRH组(P＜0.01).于术前即刻、到达隆突时PF组MAP显著高于,HR明显快于PRH组(P＜0.01).PF组咳嗽评分明显高于,患者满意度评分明显低于PRH组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)；PF组纤支镜检查时间明显长于PRH组(P＜0.05).结论 丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合高频通气应用于诊断性纤支镜术安全有效,与常规适度镇静相比,可减少术中低氧血症的发生率,降低咳嗽评分,维持血流动力学平稳.     

瑞芬太尼-异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉对急性阑尾炎患儿应激反应及麻醉复苏的影响

目的:探讨分析瑞芬太尼-异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉对急性阑尾炎患儿应激反应及麻醉复苏的影响。方法:我院2010年3月—2012年4月收治儿童急性阑尾炎患者106例,采用随机数法分成瑞芬太尼—异丙酚组(R组)和芬太尼—异丙酚组(F组),比较两组患儿术中有创平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、去甲肾上腺素(NE),皮质醇(Cor)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)等应激指标,记录手术完成后两组患儿的镇静评分(Ramsay评分)等复苏情况。结果:手术开始后两组在手术开始10 min(T1)、30min(T2)的NE、E、Cor、ACTH的浓度均比术前5 min(T0)高,并且术中各时点R组的应激指标水平均显著低于F组;拔管后30 min R组Ramsay评分明显小于F组,拔管60min后R组FLACC评分明显小于F组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:瑞芬太尼—异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉可以有效抑制急性阑尾炎患儿的术中应激反应,使手术更加安全;并且患儿术后麻醉复苏较好,值得在临床上推广。     

舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼各自复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果比较

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中采用舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼各自复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉的应用效果。方法:纳入2017年3月―2018年3月行LC的患者90例,随机均分为两组,分别行舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉(舒芬太尼组)与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉(瑞芬太尼组),比较两组麻醉各时间段的血流动力学指标与血清应激指标、自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间和拔管时间、术后视觉模拟(VAS)评分、术前与术后的简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分以及麻醉复苏期不良反应情况。结果:与瑞芬太尼组比较,舒芬太尼组在麻醉诱导气管插管即刻、CO_2气腹后5min、拔管即刻的心率与平均动脉压、血清皮质醇与和去甲肾上腺素水平均明显降低(均P0.05);自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间和拔管时间均明显延长(均P0.05);术后2、6、12h的VAS评分均明显降低(均P0.05);术后1d的MMSE评分明显升高(P0.05);总不良反应发生率明显降低(P0.05)。结论:相比瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉,舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉用于LC更有利于维持患者血流动力学稳定,应激反应更小,患者术后痛觉感受更轻,认知功能恢复更快,不良反应少。     

瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉在乳腺整形手术中的应用

目的探讨乳腺美容整形手术中应用瑞芬太尼（remifentanil）＋丙泊酚（propofol）联合输注全凭静脉麻醉（total intrarenous anesthesia,TIVA）方法对诱导麻醉、维持麻醉及术后苏醒过程的影响。方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期美容整形手术40例,随机分成两组（每组20例）：瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚组及芬太尼（feutanyl）＋丙泊酚组,观察两组麻醉诱导、气管插管及术中的血压、心率变化。术毕停药后患者自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间,术后恶心、呕吐发生情况和术中知晓的发生率。结果术中瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚组血循环稳定,血压、心率的变化与芬太尼＋丙泊酚组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术毕呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组术后恶心、呕吐的发生情况无明显差异。结论瑞芬太尼＋丙泊酚联合输注TIVA用于乳腺美容整形,手术中血流动力学稳定,术后苏醒迅速。     

Post-anesthesia Recovery after Infusion of Propofol with Remifentanil or Alfentanil or Fentanyl in Morbidly Obese Patients

Background: The type of opioid used during general anesthesia in the morbidly obese influences recovery and the postoperative period. In a randomized clinical trial, the postoperative recovery profile and early period after general anesthesia with remifentanil, fentanyl and alfentanil were compared in morbidly obese patients. Material and Method: 60 morbidly obese patients with BMI >35 kg/m² (mean 43.31) undergoing open Roux-en-y gastric bypass were randomly divided into 3 groups: remifentanil (R), fentanyl (F), and alfentanil (A). Dosage of opioids was based on ideal body weight (IBW): fentanyl 5 mcg/kg for intubation followed by infusion of 0.025-0.05 mcg/kg/min; alfentanil 15 mcg/kg initially, then 1.0-1.5 mcg kg/min; and remifentanil 1 mcg/kg followed by infusion of 0.25-1.5 mcg/kg/min. Anesthesia was induced with infusion of propofol and oxygen with N₂O (1:1). After anesthesia, the duration to response to verbal command, spontaneous respiration, adequate respiration, and safe extubation were recorded.The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded. Using verbal scale for evaluation of postoperative pain, the early postoperative analgesia requirements were assessed. Results: Demographic profiles and duration of procedure did not differ between groups. A total dose of propofol was significantly lower in Group R compared with Groups A and F (P <0.05). Duration to spontaneous respiration, adequate respiration and safe extubation were significantly shorter in Group R compared with Group F (P <0.05). Shortly after anesthesia, significantly more patients in Group R required additional dose of analgesic than in Group F (P <0.05). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurred significantly more often in Group R compared with Group F (P <0.05). Recovery profile of Group A was more similar to Group R, and postoperative pain and PONV evaluation more similar to Group F. Conclusion: In morbidly obese individuals, alfentanil or fentanyl and remifentanil can be safely used, but there is a higher rate of PONV and postoperative pain in the remifentanil group.     

Remifentanil vs fentanyl with a target controlled propofol infusion in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial lesions

AIM: Remifentanil hydrochloride is an ultra-short acting m-opioid receptor agonist. This study compared the use of remifentanil with that of fentanyl during elective supratentorial craniotomy in a target controlled infusion (TCI)-propofol anesthesia regimen and evaluated the quality of recovery from anesthesia. METHODS: After written informed consent for this prospective study, 40 adult patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: in group F analgesia was provided with fentanyl 2-3 mg kg(-1) h(-1) and in group R with remifentanil 0.25 mg kg(-1) h(-1). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and pancuronium bromide, and maintained with propofol-TCI, pancuronium, air and oxygen and fentanyl (group F) or remifentanil (group R), respectively. After tracheal intubation, infusion rate of remifentanil was reduced and then adjusted to maintain stable hemodynamics. Hemodynamics and recovery time were monitored for 60 min after surgery. Analgesic requirements, propofol intraoperative consumption, nausea and vomiting in postoperative period were monitored. Recovery was evaluated according to a modified Aldrete score. RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamics were similar in both groups. Mean arterial pressure differed between the 2 groups (P<0.05) with the greatest decrease in group R during dura opening (P<0.001). Postoperative mean arterial pressure was higher in group R. Patients in group R exhibited a faster recovery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in the 2 groups. Noteworthy, there was a reduction in the amount of propofol used in group R. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil appears to be a reasonable alternative to fentanyl during elective surgery of supratentorial lesions.     

不同全麻对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能影响的比较

目的 比较不同全麻对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能的影响.方法 拟行非心脏手术患者1000例,年龄18～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为5组(n=200):异氟醚+异丙酚+芬太尼组(IPF组)、异氟醚+瑞芬太尼组(IR组)、七氟醚+异丙酚+芬太尼组(SPF组)、七氟醚+瑞芬太尼组(SR组)和异丙酚+瑞芬太尼组(PR组).麻醉维持:IPF组和SPF组分别吸入1.68%异氟醚或1.71%七氟醚,TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～5 μg/ml,间断静脉注射芬太尼;IR组、SR组和PR组分别吸入1.68%异氟醚或1.71%七氟醚或TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～5 μg/ml,TCI瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度2～6 ng/ml.选择同期住院的非手术患者200例作为对照组(C组).于术前1 d、出麻醉恢复室时、术后1和3 d时,采用MMSE量表进行认知功能评分.于出麻醉恢复室时、术后1和3 d时,采用Z计分法评判认知功能障碍.结果 与C组比较,IPF组、IR组、SPF组、SR组和PR组出麻醉恢复室时MMSE评分降低,出麻醉恢复室时及术后1 d时认知功能障碍的发生率升高(P＜0.05);与IPF组、IR组、SPF组和PR组比较,SR组术后认知功能障碍的发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉对非心脏手术患者术后认知功能的影响较小.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of methods of general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods One thousand ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-60 yr, undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 200 each) : isoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group IPF); isoflurane + remifentanil group (group IR) ; sevoflurane + propofol + fentanyl group (group SPF) ; sevoflurane + remifentanil group (group SR) ; propofol + remifentanil group (group PR) . Two hundred non-operative patients served as control group (group C) . In groups IPF and SPF, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71 % sevoflurane, TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2-5 μg/ml, and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. In groups IR, SR and PR, anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.68% isoflurane or 1.71% sevoflurane, or TCI of propofol with the target plasma concentration of 2- 5 μg/ml, and TCI of remifentanil with the target plasma concentration of 2-6 ng/ml. The patients' cognitive function was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) at 1 d before operation, while leaving postanesthesia care unit (PACU) , and at 1 and 3 d after operation. The Z score was used to identify the cognitive dysfunction as recommended by Moller while leaving PACU, and at 1 and 3 d after operation. Results Compared with group C, the MMSE score was significantly decreased while leaving PACU , and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction increased while leaving PACU and at 1 d after operation in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with groups IPF,IR,SPF and PR, the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was significantly increased in group SR ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion General anesthesia with sevoflurane combined remifentanil exerts less effect on the postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.     

不同麻醉方法对行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术患者认知功能的影响

目的比较靶控输注丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉、七氟醚和瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉及七氟醚加芬太尼复合腰硬联合麻醉对行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术患者术后认知功能的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄60-75岁行择期腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术患者60例,随机分为靶控输注丙泊酚瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组（PR组）,七氟醚和瑞芬太尼静吸麻醉组（SR组）和七氟醚加瑞芬太尼复合腰硬联合麻醉组（CS组）,每组20例。在麻醉诱导前、术后1h、3h、5h和24h应用简易智力状态检查（MMS）测试方法评定其认知功能。结果三组患者各时间点MMS评分组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）：三组患者在术后1h均较术前显著降低（P〈0．05）,PR组、SR组和CS组分别有4例（20％）、有7例（35％）,3例（15％）患者有明显的认知功能降低;术后3hPR组和SR组分别有2例（10％）和有3例（15％）MMS分值较低,CS组基本恢复至术前水平;术后5h和24h三组MMS评分恢复至术前水平。结论在腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后均可引起一过性的术后认知功能障碍,三种麻醉方法的影响相似。     

TIVA mit Propofol/Remifentanil oder balancierte Anästhesie mit Sevofluran/Fentanyl bei laparoskopischen Operationen

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the differences between TIVA with propofol/remifentanil (P/R) and balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl (S/F) in gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Emphasis was put on haemodynamic reaction, recovery profile, postoperative side effects and patient satisfaction. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol/remifentanil or anaesthesia with sevoflurane/fentanyl. After premedication (midazolam) and induction of anesthesia (propofol, atracurium) in both groups, either 1 microgram/kg fentanyl (S/F) or 1 microgram/kg remifentanil (P/R) was injected. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5 microgram/kg/min remifentanil (reduced to 50% after 5 min) and 0.06 microgram/kg/min propofol (P/R) or 1.7 vol % sevoflurane (S/F). Both groups were mechanically ventilated with 30% oxygen in air. The administration of sevoflurane and the infusion of the anaesthetics were adjusted to maintain a surgical depth of anaesthesia. For postoperative analgesia 1 g paracetamol was administered rectally prior to surgery. After recovery 20 mg/kg metamizol was given intravenously. At the end of surgery the anaesthetics were discontinued and haemodynamics, early emergence from anaesthesia, pain level, frequency of analgesic demand, incidence of PONV, shivering and patient satisfaction were assessed. Parameters were recorded for 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: Recovery time after propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia was significantly shorter than after administration of sevoflurane and fentanyl (spontaneous ventilation 4.1 vs. 6.3 min, extubation 4.3 vs. 9.3 min, eye opening 4.4 vs 8.2 min, stating name 5.3 vs. 13.2 min, stating date of birth 5.4 vs. 13.3 min). There were no significant differences between the groups in shivering, pain score, analgesic demand and PONV. The S/F group responded to tracheal intubation with significantly higher blood pressure than the P/R group. During maintenance of anaesthesia heart rate in patients with S/F was significantly higher (P/R:HR max +16/-10; S/F:HR max +24/-0.). Measured on a scale (S/F 62%). CONCLUSION: Compared with patients given balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl, TIVA with propofol and remifentanil proved to be particularly suited for gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Its major advantages are haemodynamic stability, significantly shorter times of emergence, and the exceptional acceptance by the patients.     

Recovery and cognitive function after fentanyl or remifentanil administration for carotid endarterectomy

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare recovery and restoration of cognitive function after fentanyl-propofol or remifentanil-propofol anesthesia administration in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, prospective study. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, University hospital. PATIENTS: Seventy patients with ASA physical statuses II and III (53 men and 17 women) undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthetic technique and drugs were identical in the 2 groups, with the exception of remifentanil and fentanyl administration. Induction of anesthesia was obtained with a bolus dose of propofol (1-2 mg/kg), maintenance was achieved with a propofol infusion according to hemodynamics and nitrous oxide/oxygen (FIO(2), 0.50). Muscle relaxation was achieved with rocuronium. The remifentanil group received 1 microg/kg of remifentanil as a single dose during the induction of anesthesia and 0.5 microg/kg per minute as an infusion throughout the procedure. The fentanyl group received 2 microg/kg of fentanyl as a single dose during the induction of anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS: Intraoperative hemodynamic adverse events were recorded. All patients were also evaluated with regard to their recovery and the restoration of their cognitive function, recording the immediate recovery times and using the Aldrete score 15 and 60 minutes after surgery and the Hasegawa scale 6 hours after surgery. For evaluation of postoperative pain, the Numeric Pain Scale (0-10) was used. MAIN RESULTS: Patients receiving remifentanil had significantly (P < .05) fewer episodes of intraoperative hypertension and needed nitroglycerine administration less frequently (P < .05) than those receiving fentanyl. Immediate recovery was significantly earlier (P < .05) with remifentanil (eye opening, 5.1 +/- 1.3 [remifentanil] and 7.2 +/- 3.7 [fentanyl] minutes; extubation time, 5.4 +/- 1.9 [remifentanil] and 7.8 +/- 4.1 [fentanyl] minutes). The Hasegawa Dementia Scale scores 6 hours after surgery and Aldrete scores 15 and 60 minutes after surgery did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Pain levels were also similar for patients taking remifentanil and fentanyl. CONCLUSIONS: Although intraoperative hemodynamics were better preserved and immediate recovery was more rapid with remifentanil, overall postoperative recovery and restoration of cognitive functions as well as postoperative pain intensity seem to be similar for patients receiving remifentanil and for those receiving fentanyl combined with propofol for carotid endarterectomy operations.