山西地区线粒体DNA11778突变所致Leber遗传性视神经病变外显率分析

目的　分析山西地区线粒体 DNA11778位点突变者外显率。方法　应用等位基因特异性PCR检测视神经病变者线粒体DNA11778位点 ,对突变者及其母系成员进行分析。结果　在 30个家系中 17个家系仅先证者患病 ,另 13个家系除先证者外母系亲属有 72人携带该位点突变 ,其中 4 0人出现临床症状。结论　山西地区线粒体 DNA11778位点突变者外显率达 5 5 .6 %。     

线粒体DNA11778突变所致Leber遗传性视神经病变外显率分析

目的 分析携带线粒体DNA（mitochondrialDNA,mtDNA)11778突变者视神经病变的外显率。方法 对经基因诊断确定为mtDNA11778突变的Leber遗传性视神经病变（Leber hereditary optic neuropathy,LHON)家系进行分析。确定mtDNA11778突变携带者及患者。结果 16个家系中mtDNA11778突变携带者130人,其中男65人,女65人,130人突变携带者中43人患病,外显率33.1%。男性患者34人,男性外显率52.3%,女性患者9人,女性外显率13.8%,男女患病比率3.8:1,患者中男性占79%。结论 携带纯合性mtDNA11778位点突变的中国人,LHON外显率近1/3。     

Phylogenetic analysis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA's indicates multiple independent occurrences of the common mutations

The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) from 17 Caucasian 11778-positive and 30 Caucasian 11778-negative Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients were PCR-amplified and subjected to high resolution restriction endonuclease analysis. Concurrently, all patient mtDNAs were screened for the common primary LHON mtDNA mutations at nucleotide pairs (nps) 3460, 11778, and 14484, the ambiguous intermediate-risk LHON mtDNA mutations at nps 5244 and 15257, and the secondary LHON mtDNA mutations at nps 3394, 4216, 4917, 7444, 13708, and 15812. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mtDNA haplotype data from the 47 LHON patients and 175 non-LHON Caucasian controls. The superimposition of the LHON mutation screening results upon the Caucasian mtDNA phylogeny revealed (1) 35 different LHON haplotypes, (2) that all three common primary mutations have occurred multiple times in Caucasians, (3) that while recurrent mutation is common for the primary mutations, secondary mutations tend to be lineage-specific, (4) that the np 15257 mutation was confined to a single mtDNA lineage but may be etiologically important in some LHON cases since it was found in a LHON pedigree which lacked a common primary mutation; complete sequence analysis of the proband mtDNA revealed only a single other candidate missense mutation (at np 10663 of the ND4L gene) of uncertain pathological significance; and (5) that the np 14484 mutation may be less pathogenic than either the np 3460 or np 11778 mutations, as this mutation most commonly occurred on a single mtDNA lineage and almost always in association with secondary LHON mutations. A phylogenetic ageneous disease has thus provided key genetic data bearing on the relative pathogenicity of the LHON-associated mtDNA mutations. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Leber''s hereditary optic neuropathy: correlations between mitochondrial genotype and visual outcome.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. We describe the distribution of seven different mtDNA mutations and the clinical findings in 334 LHON patients belonging to 29 families. Mutations described only in LHON at nucleotide positions 11778, 3460, and 14484 were found in 15, two, and nine families respectively. In three families none of these mutations was found. Mutations described in LHON but also in controls at nucleotide positions 15257, 13708, 4917, and 4216 were found in one, 10, three and 12 families respectively. Combinations of mtDNA mutations were found in most families. The patient population mainly consisted of 79.2% to 89.5% males except for one family with only 10 of 17 patients being males (58.9%, p approximately 0.036). In 11 families only the 11778 mutation was found; in this group (WX) the affected males had a mean age of onset of 29.2 years and a mean visual outcome of 0.113. In seven families the 14484, 13708, and 4216 mutations were found; in this group (MA) the affected males had a mean age of onset of 22.0 years and a mean visual outcome of 0.442. In two families no mutation was found at all; in this group (YX) the affected males had a mean age of onset of 18.9 years and a mean visual outcome of 0.167. The mean age of onset in the WX group is significantly higher than in the MA group (p < or = 0.001) and in the YX group (p approximately 0.01). The mean visual outcome in the MA group is significantly better than in the WX group (p </= 0.001) and the YX group (p = 0.05). No significant clinical differences were found between families exhibiting only the 11778 mutation and those with additional mutations at np 13708, 4917, or 4216, suggesting that these mutations are of little phenotypic importance. Other mutations were present in relatively small numbers of patients. These results show that the clinical severity is dependent on the mitochondrial genotype.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变(Leber hereditary optic neuropathy,LHON)是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失。三个线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和ND6 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族间及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其它的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子,环境因素。本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响。     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

Asian-specific mtDNA backgrounds associated with the primary G11778A mutation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

We studied 19 patients of Southeast Asian (SEA) ethnic ancestry with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) to investigate the mtDNA haplotypes associated with the primary mutation(s). Eighteen patients carried a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) G11778A mutation (Arg340His in the respiratory complex I ND4 subunit), while one had a T14484C mutation (Met64Val in the ND6 subunit). One patient had a class II LHON mtDNA mutation, G3316A. Sequencing data of the ND genes showed many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (62 SNPs in 17 individuals; 10 LHON patients and 7 normal controls) not previously reported in Europeans or Japanese. The SEA G11778A LHON mutation was associated mostly with two mtDNA haplogroups, M (47%) and a novel lineage, characterized by the gain of a 10394 DdeI site but absence of the 10397 AluI site, designated BM (37%). A significant association was observed between one SNP, A10398G, resulting in a Thr114Ala substitution in the ND3 subunit, and the primary LHON mutation. This SNP also characterizes haplogroup J, with which the European LHON 11778 and 14484 mutations show preferential association. The combination of A10398G and other SNPs, specific for the haplogroups J, M, or BM, might act synergistically to increase the penetrance of the LHON mutations, thus allowing their detection. Received: June 6, 2002 / Accepted: August 23, 2002 Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Mulia Sitepu, School of Medicine, University of Atmajaya, Jakarta, Drs. Norma Handoyo and Inakawati Rivai of the School of Medicine, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, and Dr. Tjahyono Ghondowiardjo of the School of Medicine, University of Indonesia, for referring their patients for DNA analysis. This work was supported by grants from PT Krakatau Steel and PT Inti through the Agency for Strategic Industries (Indonesia) and by a generous development fund from the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) of the Republic of Indonesia. Correspondence to:S. Marzuki     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

线粒体DNA继发突变对Leber遗传性视神经病变的影响

Leber遗传性视神经病变是一种多发于青壮年的母系遗传性疾病,可导致双眼严重的急性无痛性、且一般是永久性的双侧中心视野缺失.3个线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)原发突变ND4 G11778A、ND1 G3460A和N06 T14484C是其致病的主要因素,但家族问及家族内不同成员之间的表型差异表明存在其他的修饰因子,包括核及线粒体遗传修饰因子、环境因素.本综述主要阐述mtDNA继发突变对LHON表型表达的影响.     

Tissue distribution of the ND4/11778 mutation in heteroplasmic lineages with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease most commonly caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutation at position 11778, 3460, or 14484. Approximately 14% of families show heteroplasmy for the pathogenic mutations but little is known about the mutational burden in different tissues of these heteroplasmic individuals. Consequently, estimating the risks of visual loss is difficult. This study presents quantitative mutation analyses of tissues representing all embryonal layers in two families heteroplasmic for the 11778 mutation. These analyses show that a high amount of mutated mtDNA in leukocytes is correlated with a high proportion of mutated mtDNA in other tissues. Hum Mutat 9:412–417, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

X-inactivation patterns in female Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy patients do not support a strong X-linked determinant

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) accounts for about 3% of the cases of blindness in young adult males. The underlying mitochondrial pathogenesis of LHON has been well studied, with specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations of structural genes described and well characterized. However, enigmatic aspects of the disease are not explained by mutation data, such as the higher proportion of affected males, the later onset of the disease in females, and the presence of unaffected individuals with a high proportion of mutant mtDNA. A hypothesis which has been put forward to explain the unusual disease expression is a dual model of mtDNA and X-linked nuclear gene inheritance. If a nuclear X-linked modifier gene influences the expression of the mitochondrial-linked mutant gene then the affected females should be either homozygous for the nuclear determinant, or if heterozygous, lyonization should favor the mutant X. In order to determine if an X-linked gene predisposes to LHON phenotype we studied X-inactivation patterns in 35 females with known mtDNA mutations from 10 LHON pedigrees. Our results do not support a strong X-linked determinant in LHON cause: 2 of the 10 (20%) manifesting carriers showed skewing of X-inactivation, as did 3 of the 25 (12%) nonmanifesting carriers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Presence of a major WFS1 mutation in Spanish Wolfram syndrome pedigrees

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by familial diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. WS patients frequently present with other clinical features such as diabetes insipidus, renal abnormalities, psychiatric disorders, and a variety of neurologic symptoms: deafness, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy. A gene responsible for Wolfram Syndrome (WFS1) has been recently identified on chromosome 4p16.1. Twenty-two Wolfram patients from 16 Spanish families were screened for mutations in the WFS1 coding region by SSCP analysis and direct sequencing. Since WS has been considered a mitochondrial disorder for some time, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in these families was also examined. WFS1 mutations were detected in 75% of families (12 of 16). One of these mutations, an insertion of 16 base pairs in exon 4, turned out to be notably frequent in Spanish pedigrees. As many as 50% of pedigrees with WFS1 mutations harbored this insertion, either in one (33% of cases) or in two chromosomes (67%). Ten other mutations were identified: 7 missense changes, 2 deletions, and 1 nonsense mutation. Only 3 of these changes had been previously described in non-Spanish pedigrees. Large mtDNA rearrangements and LHON point mutations were detected in four and six families, respectively. No correlation could be established between WFS1 gene mutations and specific point mutations or rearrangements in mtDNA. We would suggest first screening for the 16-bp insertion in exon 4 when a new Spanish WS case is reported.     

Spectrum, frequency and penetrance of OPA1 mutations in dominant optic atrophy.

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the commonest form of inherited optic neuropathy. Although heterogeneous, a major locus has been mapped to chromosome 3q28 and the gene responsible, OPA1, was recently identified. We therefore screened a panel of 35 DOA patients for mutations in OPA1. This revealed 14 novel mutations and a further three known mutations, which together accounted for 20 of the 35 families (57%) included in this study. This more than doubles the number of OPA1 mutations reported in the literature, bringing the total to 25. These are predominantly null mutations generating truncated proteins, strongly suggesting that the mechanism underlying DOA is haploinsufficiency. The mutations are largely family-specific, although a common 4 bp deletion in exon 27 (eight different families) and missense mutations in exons 8 (two families) and 9 (two families) have been identified. Haplotype analysis of individuals with the exon 27 2708del(TTAG) mutation suggests that this is a mutation hotspot and not an ancient mutation, thus excluding a major founder effect at the OPA1 locus. The mutation screening in this study also identified a number of asymptomatic individuals with OPA1 mutations. A re-calculation of the penetrance of this disorder within two of our families indicates figures as low as 43 and 62% associated with the 2708del(TTAG) mutation. If haploinsufficiency is the mechanism underlying DOA it is unlikely that this figure will be mutation-specific, indicating that the penetrance in DOA is much lower than the 98% reported previously. To investigate whether Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) could be caused by mutations in OPA1 we also screened a panel of 28 LHON patients who tested negatively for the three major LHON mutations. No mutations were identified in any LHON patients, indicating that DOA and LHON are genetically distinct.