经(鼻)面罩双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭昏迷

目的评价经（鼻）面罩双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者的疗效。方法应用（鼻）面罩BiPAP呼吸机对10例COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者进行机械通气治疗，观察通气前后的临床表现及血气分析，并与8例行常规药物治疗的患者进行比较。结果无创通气组动脉血pH、PaCO2在通气后有明显改善（P〈O．001），好转8例（8／10，80．0％），药物治疗组好转5例（5／8，62．5％），两组比较差异有显著意义（P〈O．05）。结论经（鼻）面罩BiPAP通气治疗对COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者有效，昏迷并不是经（鼻）面罩BiPAP通气的禁忌证。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并严重呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的：观察使用双水平无创正压通气（BiPAP）模式治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）所至严重呼吸衰竭的临床疗效和副作用．方法：用无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗COPD所至严重呼吸衰竭患者54例（昏迷组27例,非昏迷组27例）,观察平均住院日、气管插管率、病死率以及通气前后心率及血气指标变化．未使用呼吸机的常规治疗组26例做为对照．结果：NPPV组住院时间缩短,气管插管率和住院病死率下降,与常规治疗组比较有统计学差异;NPPV治疗组无论是昏迷患者还是非昏迷患者通气后心率下降、血气指标改善,与通气前比较有统计学差异．结论：用BiPAP模式行NPPV是治疗COPD所至严重呼吸衰竭的有效方法,合并意识障碍的患者也有效,及早应用能迅速缓解病情,缩短住院时间,降低病死率．     

间歇无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨间歇应用无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效及并发症。方法将COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者42例随机分为两组：间歇无创通气组（A组,21例）给予常规治疗＋间歇无创通气治疗;持续无创通气组（B组,21例）给予常规治疗＋持续无创通气治疗。记录治疗24h和72h后患者的动脉血气pH、PaO2、PaCO2变化以及并发症。结果两组的有效率、血气分析值、失败率以及住院天数差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,副作用发生率A组较B组有明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论间歇无创正压通气与持续无创正压通气治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭疗效相似,前者并发症明显减少,患者依从性好。     

BiPAP无创机械通气治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效观察．

目的评价双水平正压通气（BiPAP）呼吸机无创机械通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法87例60岁以上COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者，分为治疗组41例和对照组46例，两组均给予常规药物治疗，治疗组同时给予BiPAP呼吸机进行无创机械通气治疗。结果BiPAP耐受良好的26例患者，治疗后其动脉血氧分压（PaO2）和二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．01）；与对照组比较，平均住院天数缩短（P〈0．05）、血气改善时间提前（P〈0．01）、血气改善程度更好（P〈0．05）；BiPAP治疗还可以减慢呼吸和心率的频率（P〈0．01），而对患者血压水平无明显影响（P〉0．05）；且无1例发生腹胀、皮肤压伤、气压伤或呼吸机相关肺炎。结论经鼻罩BiPAP呼吸机无创机械通气是治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的一种安全有效的方法。     

无创正压通气在不气管插管慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭患者中疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气（noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation,NPPV）治疗不气管插管慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）合并急性呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法开展采用NPPV治疗COPD合并急性呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍有气管插管指征、拒绝气管插管患者疗效的前瞻性观察研究。27例COPD伴意识障碍患者为研究组,13例意识清醒患者为对照组,观察NPPV治疗前、治疗4h及72h后的临床症状和血气分析及住院病死率。结果不同程度意识障碍者27例BiPAP无创通气4h后18例（67.7%）好转,无意识障碍患者中92.9%（12/13）BiPAP无创通气治疗成功。结论 NPPV可以有效地逆转选择不插管的COPD合并急性呼吸衰竭。     

双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭

目的探讨双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法加例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为BiPAP通气加常规治疗组（治疗组）和单用常规治疗组（对照组）各20例，定期记录生命体征、血气分析变化，观察2组的治疗效果。结果通气4h后2组比较，治疗组较对照组PaO2、pH明显增加，PaCO2、心率和呼吸频率降低（P〈0．05）；24h后改善情况更为明显。对照组需气管插管者12例（60．0％），而治疗组仅3例（15．0％），2组比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组中1例（5．0％）死亡，对照组中3例（15％）死亡，2组比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论BiPAP通气可作为COPD合并呼吸衰竭的一线治疗手段。     

无创双水平气道正压通气联合纳洛酮治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺性脑病临床观察

目的：评价无创双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）联合纳洛酮对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺性脑病的临床疗效。方法：将本院收治的60例COPD呼吸衰竭合并肺性脑病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组给予常规治疗及BiPAP无创通气常规治疗;治疗组则在给予常规治疗及BiPAP无创通气的同时加用纳洛酮。通气前、通气3h及通气24h病情稳定后复查动脉血气分析。结果：治疗组治疗成功26例,病情加重需气管插管机械通气治疗4例;对照组治疗成功18例,需气管插管机械通气治疗12例。治疗组气管插管率明显低于对照组。对照组治疗3h后PaO2增加（P〈0．05）,但pH和PaCO2均无明显改变（P均〉0．05）,部分患者甚至加重;24h时PaO2维持在较高水平,pH和PaCO2改善仍不明显。结论：BiPAP联合纳洛酮治疗COPD呼吸衰竭合并肺性脑病可以改善患者的人机同步性,提高无创正压通气的疗效,降低气管插管率,值得推广应用。     

无刨正压通气治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭80例临床疗效分析

目的探讨无创正压通气治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法80例COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组常规治疗的基础上采用BiPAP呼吸机,经口鼻面罩正压通气。结果治疗组在予无创通气后pH、PaO2均较入院时有明显改善（P〈0．05）,而PaCO：在4h有所下降,但差异无显著性,72h后PaCO2也有明显下降（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后的心率、呼吸频率与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,明显降低。结论无创正压通气在治疗COPD的疗效是肯定的,值得临床推广。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果

目的：观察无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法：32例COPD合并呼吸衰竭老年患者在常规综合治疗的同时，选用BiPAP呼吸机行无创正压通气，在机械通气前、机械通气后2小时、24小时及通气结束时作血气分析，并观察临床效果。结果：与治疗前相比，无创正压通气后2小时、24小时及治疗结束时，pH值改善（P〈0．05），PaO2上升（P〈0．01），PaCO2下降（P〈0．01）。28例患者好转出院。4例患者因不能耐受鼻（面）罩而改用气管插管治疗。结论：无创正压通气对COPD急性加重合并呼吸衰竭疗效显著，避免了气管插管，减少了呼吸机相关性肺炎。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并重度呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气的临床探讨

目的：探讨无创正压通气（NPPV）在慢性阻塞性晡：疾病（COPD）重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍患者中的临床应用。方法：选择COPD重度呼吸衰竭与有不同程度的神志障碍者32例,在综合治疗的基础上,对患者应用无创正压呼吸机面罩辅助通气,采』q止苦治疗前后对照,动态观察NPPV治疗前和通气治疗后2h、24h、72h动脉血气分析、神志变化以及NPPV的不良反应及并发症。结果：无创正压通气（NPPV）32例患者,通气前与无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗后比较,PaO2明显升高,P〈0．01,PaCO2明显降低,P〈0．01,PH明显升高,P〈0．01,具有统计学意义。结论：对COPD重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍者给予无创正压通气治疗,合理地调整参数,准确掌握吸气支持压力,可以得到满意的治疗效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.