心肌肌钙蛋白I对病毒性心肌炎患儿的诊断价值

目的　探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)对病毒性心肌炎患儿的诊断价值。方法　 75例病毒性心肌炎患儿及 2 0例正常对照组儿童应用全自动生化分析仪测定血清肌酸激酶 (CK)及肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB) ,同时采用抗人cTnI单抗 ,应用酶联免疫吸附试验进行cTnI定量测定。结果　①病毒性心肌炎组cT nI、CK及CK MB水平均明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;② 75例病毒性心肌炎患儿中cTnI升高 5 3例 ,阳性率为 70 .7% ;CK升高 2 5例 ,阳性率为 33.3% ;CK MB升高 19例 ,阳性率为 2 5 .3%。结论　cTnI可作为诊断幼儿病毒性心肌炎较为特异和更为敏感的指标。     

手足口病患儿联合检测肌酸激酶同工酶MB、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ在合并病毒性心肌炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨手足口病患儿联合检测血清中肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CK—MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）水平对诊断合并病毒性心肌炎的价值。方法将188倒HFMD患儿分为确诊合并精毒性心肌炎组、疑似舍并病毒性心肌炎组、无合并病毒性心肌灸组。所有惠儿清晨空腹采集静脉血,检测血清中的肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CK—MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）水平,对结果进行统计分析。结果确诊合并病毒性心肌炎组与疑似合并病毒性心肌炎组血清中CK—MB、cTnI均高于无合并病毒性心肌炎组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;确诊合并病毒性心肌炎组血清中CK—MB、cTnI与疑似合并病毒性心肌炎组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。确诊组与疑似组两项检测中的总异常率均分别高于两纽中CK—MB、cTnI单独检测异常率（P〈0．05,P〈0．05）。结论CK—MB、cTnI在HFMD中诊断合并病毒性心肌炎有重要意义;HFMD患儿同时检测血清中CK—MB、cTrI水平,可以提高合并病毒性心肌炎的捡出率。     

心肌肌钙蛋白-Ⅰ在病毒性心肌炎诊断及预后中的应用

目的 :探讨心肌肌钙蛋白 Ⅰ (cTnI)在病毒性心肌炎诊断及预后判断中的应用。方法 :选择病毒性心肌炎患者 4 2例 ,测定血清cTnI及CK MB(肌磷酸激酶同功酶 ) ,采用超声心动图测定 ,观察心脏大小及心功能变化。结果 :(1)cTnI诊断病毒性心肌炎阳性率显著高于CK MB ;(2 )cTnI≥ 0 .2 5ng/ml患者 ,左室舒张末内径大于cTnI <0 .2 5ng/ml的患者。结论 :(1)血清cTnI作为心肌损伤指标优于CK MB ;(2 )病毒性心肌炎患者 ,血清cTnI水平高低与患者心脏大小以及远期心室功能发展有关。cTnI增高者 ,心脏呈扩大趋势 ,而心室功能测量则呈下降的趋势     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ对小儿病毒性心肌炎的早期诊断价值——附21例检测分析

目的：探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ对小儿病毒性心肌炎（viral myocarditis,VMC)心肌损害的早期诊断价值及对心功能的判断价值。方法：对VMC组21例，疑似VMC组24例及非心脏疾病患儿的对照组23例测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和肌酸激酶及其同工酶（ereatine kinase isoenzyme-MB,CK-MB），并3组结果进行比较，同时对前二组中39例患儿测定左心功能指标（射血分数、缩短分数），比较心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与左心功能的关系。结果：VMC组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、肌酸激酶、CK－MB值均明显高于疑似VMC组。对照组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ值均正常。VMC组及疑似VMC绢组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ阳性率均高于肌酸激酶、CK－MB阳性率。39例测定左心功能，VMC组射血分数异常率为57％（12／21），缩短分数异常率为48％（10／21），明显高于疑似VMC组[16％（1／8）、11％（2／18）]，两组比较差异统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ早期诊断小儿VMC优于肌酸激酶，CK－MB，且可提示心肌受累的程度及判断心功能。     

血清肌钙蛋白诊断继发性心肌损伤及预后观察

目的：观察血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI)对危重病患者急性心肌损伤诊断及预后判断的价值。方法：49例入ICU的患者,按APACHEⅡ评分分为危重组（APACHE Ⅱ≥16）和普通组（APACHE Ⅱ＜16）,以化学发光法测入ICU24小时内及48小时时的血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI)和肌酸激酶同功酶（CK－MB）,另15例健康献血员为对照组,结果：两个时点的cTnI和CK－MB,危重组和普通组均高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0．05）,但危重组与对照组差异更显著（P＜0．01）,死亡组与生存组比较,两个时点的cTnI均增显著（P＜0．05）,生存率与cTnI呈负相关（γ=－0．33,P＝0．026）,而CK－MB在两组间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,部分多发伤患者,有CK－MB增高而无cTnI增高,部分心衰患者,有cTnI增高而无CK－MB增高,结论：cTnI和CK－MB均可用于诊断危重病患者的急性心肌损伤,但cTnI特异性较高,对预后的判断更有价值。     

病毒性心肌炎血清酶学的变化与肌钙蛋白I的对照研究

目的：比较心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）与常用急性病毒性心肌炎（VMC）诊断标致物的临床应用价值。方法23例VMC患儿和20例这体检儿的同一份血清样本,同时检测cTnⅠ、CK、CK－MB、LDH、AST和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α－HBDH）等6项指标,然后进行比较,并分别对VMC组和正常组各指标间的差异作对分析。结果cTnⅠ对急性病毒性心肌炎诊断特异性高于CK、CK－MB、AST、LDH。α-HBDH（正常组阴性率分别为100％、86．7％、86．7％、73．3％、73．3％和83．3％）,P＜0．01;cTnⅠ灵敏度与CK、CK－MB、AST、α-HBDH相当（阳性率分别为88．4％、79．7％、79．17％、85．6％和79．17％）,P＞0．05。结论cTnⅠ对于VMC的诊断具有较高的特异性,是一种心肌损伤的特异性标志物,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

心肌肌钙蛋白—I在病毒性心肌炎诊断及预后中的应用

目的：探讨心肌肌钙蛋白—I(cTnI)在病毒性心肌炎诊断及预后判断中的应用。方法：选择病毒性心肌炎患42例．测定血清cTnI及CK—MB(肌磷酸激酶同功酶)，采用超声心动图测定，观察心脏大小及心功能变化。结果：(1)cTnI诊断病毒性心肌炎阳性率显高于CK—MB；(2)cTnI≥0．25ng／m1患，左室舒张末内径大于cTnI＜o．25ng／m1的患。结论：(1)血清cTnI作为心肌损伤指标优于CK—MB；(2)病毒性心肌炎患，血清cTnI水平高低与患心脏大小以及远期心室功能发展有关。cTnI增高，心脏呈扩大趋势，而心室功能测量则呈下降的趋势。     

危重病患者心肌损伤与前炎细胞因子释放的关系

目的 :探讨前炎细胞因子释放在危重病患者继发性心肌损伤中的作用。方法 :98例入住综合 ICU(GICU)的患者均进行急性生理学和慢性健康状况 (APACHE )评分 ;抽取入院 <2 4、4 8和 12 0小时的静脉血 ,检测肌钙蛋白 I(CTn I)、肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)、白介素 1β(IL 1β )和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)含量。结果 :本组患者继发性心肌损伤发生率为 2 1.4 %。APACHE 评分心肌损伤组为 (18.9± 6 .8)分 ,高于非心肌损伤组 (12 .7± 8.9)分 ,P<0 .0 1。心肌损伤组血清 CTn I呈持续增高 ,无明显高峰 ;血清 CTn I与前炎细胞因子的曲线走势非常相似 ,显示有一定的相关性。生存组与死亡组间 CTn I与前炎细胞因子在各时间点上均存在显著差异。与 CK MB相比 ,CTn I对心肌损伤判断的特异性和灵敏性更高。结论 :急性心肌损伤的发生与前炎细胞因子的过度释放有一定关系。     

评价心肌肌钙蛋白I对危重新生儿心肌损伤的诊断价值

目的：评价心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cardiac troponinⅠ,cTnI)对危重新生儿心肌损伤的诊断价值。方法：用化学发光免疫法及免疫抑制法分别测定30例健康儿（足月儿14例，早产儿16例）及66例危重儿血清中cTnI与CK－MB水平，并作心电图与超声心动图检查，结果：cTnI正常值范围为0－1．93ng/mL,无肌损伤危重儿均＜2ng/mL，而＞2ng/mL心肌损伤率100％，明显高于CK－MB升高者46．15％，P＜0．05，结论：cTnI对危重新生儿心肌损伤有高度特异性，明显增高者示预后不良。Ⅰ     

小儿轮状病毒肠炎心肌酶谱检测及其临床意义

目的探讨婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎对心肌的影响。方法选择住院的轮状病毒肠炎患儿及对照组各60例，收集血清，测定天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、α羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBD）、肌酸激酶（CK）及其同工酶（CK—MB）5项指标。结果与对照组比较，轮状病毒肠炎组α—HBD及CK、CK—MB显著增高（P〈0．01）。其他指标两组间无显著性差异。结论轮状病毒肠炎常合并心肌损害。该组60例患儿中心肌损害发生率为40％。     

Acute myocarditis secondary to Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis

Myocarditis is a rare condition that can mimic an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We present the case of a 24-year-old male with Noonan syndrome who presented with a diarrhoeal pro-dromal illness, acute onset chest pain, elevated cardiac biomarkers and an abnormal ECG with ST elevation in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The patient had acute myocarditis secondary to Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis. Infective myocarditis is most commonly due to a viral infection. Myocarditis is very rarely due to a bacterial infection with only isolated reports of myocarditis induced by Campylobacter jejuni infection. At follow-up he remains well. Myocarditis should be considered in all patients presenting with acute onset chest pain and elevated cardiac biomarkers.     

Ventricular extrasystole as manifestation of viral myocarditis and myopericarditis in young patients

AIM: To investigate relationship between frequent and complicated ventricular extrasystole (VE) in young patients and previous viral myocarditis (VM); to study VE long-term prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 75 patients with mild and moderate myocarditis which developed after acute respiratory infections and other viral diseases (Coxsackie infection was serologically confirmed in 49%; flu, paraflu and adenoviral infection--in 8%). Acute myocarditis was diagnosed basing on the data of ECG, activity of cardiospecific enzymes and isoenzymes, x-ray, echocardiography, Holter ECG monitoring, exercise tests. The patients were followed up from 3 to 26 years (mean 14.6 years). RESULTS: Bigeminal polymorphic extrasystoles and bigemia sites persisted for the whole periods of observation. They could disappear at resting ECG but were registered at 24-h ECG monitoring in all the cases. Echocardiography detected fibrous alterations of the pericardium with its thickening in 89% cases. Exercise tolerance test at the end of the study recorded normal physical performance in 89.3% patients. This suggests a favorable disease outcome. Low physical performance, moderate dilation of the left ventricle and ejection fraction lowering to 48% requiring medication were observed only in 4 patients who were capable to work. CONCLUSION: Frequent and complicated VE after viral myocarditis were present at resting ECG for many years in 42.3% patients. Holter 24-h ECG monitoring registered VE in all the examinees. 89% patients had fibrous lesions of the pericardium showing that viral myocarditis in most cases runs as myopericarditis, in some cases being subclinical.     

Elevation of creatine kinase in acute severe asthma is not of cardiac origin

OBJECTIVE: To study prospectively if, when plasma creatine kinase (CK) and plasma myoglobin are elevated, the origin of these abnormalities is cardiac or not, by measuring cardio-specific troponin T (cTT). METHOD: Fifteen patients with acute severe bronchial asthma (ASBA) were prospectively studied in the intensive care unit (ICU) with continuous electrocardiograph (ECG). Plasma CK, CK-MB, myoglobin and cTT were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 h in the ICU. RESULTS: Five out of 15 ASBA patients had elevated CK, four of them presenting with an increase in CK-MB. Plasma cTT was normal in every patient, including those with CK and/or myoglobin elevation. At admission to the ICU, myoglobin and CK were positively correlated (r = 0.760; p < 0.001). No patient was intubated. There was no difference in clinical signs or symptoms, medical history, laboratory values or ECG in patients with or without CK elevation. CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to an ICU for ASBA may present with an elevation of plasma CK, CK-MB and myoglobin not related to any heart injury. CK and CK-MB are not good markers of myocardial injury in ASBA patients due to the multitude of potential confounders. Therefore, troponin should be measured instead.     

心肌酶谱及其比值与肌钙蛋白定量测定对儿童病毒性心肌炎的诊断价值

目的初步了解重庆市主城区儿童心肌酶的正常范围,探讨其比值及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)测定对儿童病毒性心肌炎的诊断价值。方法采用OLYMPUS 400全自动生化分析仪测定肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸(αHBDH)并计算出CK-MB/CK、αHBDH/LDH比值;CK采用酶耦联测定法,αHBDH、LDH采用连续监测法,CK-MB采用免疫抑制法,cTnI采用胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定。结果 200名健康儿童心肌酶水平均高于健康成人(P<0.01),但不同组别CK-MB/CK<0.03者占80%以上,αHBDH/LDH在0.7～0.9之间占85%以上。80名健康儿童运动后的心肌酶普遍高出儿童正常范围,但其比值并未升高。已确诊的132例儿童病毒性心肌炎患者中心肌酶异常者107例(占80%),CK-MB/CK>0.07者80例,αHBDH/LDH>0.9者78例,cTnI结果阳性90例。其比值和cTnI结果经配对检验存在一致性关联。结论不能用成人的标准来判断儿童心肌酶异常,儿童心肌酶单项升高不能作为病毒性心肌炎的诊断依据;CK-MB/CK>0.07、αHBDH/LDH>0.9以及cTnI结果阳性对诊断病毒性心肌炎有极大的临床价值。     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ对小儿病毒性心肌炎临床诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿血清肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平的变化及诊断价值。方法对我院收治的病毒性心肌炎患儿45例入院后2～4h、15d抽取静脉血,对其血清中cTnI和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）浓度进行测定,同时观察其水平变化。结果血清中cTnI和CK-MB均升高,在评价心肌损伤的特异性、敏感度方面,cTnI优于CK-MB。结论血清cTnI水平可反映病毒性心肌炎患儿心肌损伤程度,是一个理想的标志物,可作为诊断小儿病毒性心肌炎的主要诊断指标。     

手足口病患儿心肌酶和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ及C反应蛋白的检测及临床意义

目的探讨手足口病(HFMD)患儿血清中心肌酶、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和C反应蛋白的变化及临床意义。方法检测96例手足口病患儿血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并同时检测60例健康儿童作为对照。结果 HFMD患儿血清AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB、α-HBDH、cTnⅠ、CRP水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论血清心肌酶、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和C反应蛋白可作为HFMD患儿合并心肌损伤的诊断依据。     

Cardio-vascular system condition in respiratory mycoplasmosis

The study enrolled 53 patients (29 males, 24 females) with respiratory mycoplasmosis aged 15-88 years. Most of them were 59 years of age and younger. In 1/3 of the patients the diseases started with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection, in 2/3 of them--with pulmonary affection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 50 patients (94.3%), acute bronchitis--in 3 patients. ECG changes were registered in about half of the examinees who had no cardiac complaints. 25 of them had alterations in the end part of the ventricular ECG complex; rhythm and conduction disturbances occurred rarely. Mycoplasmosis patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD) had stable ECG changes while in those free of IHD the changes were short. Myocardial necrosis foci were absent. Cardiac damage comparison in patients with respiratory mycoplasmosis and in other acute respiratory infections has found that cardiovascular system suffers less in acute mycoplasmosis. These data are useful in differential diagnosis of myocardial infections.     

心梗三合一与心肌酶谱联合检测在心肌梗死诊断中的作用

目的 探讨同时进行“心梗三合一”与心肌酶谱联合测定,在心肌梗死诊断中的应用。方法同一患者、同一标本同时进行“心梗三合一”和心肌酶谱测定,对数据进行处理,找出两者之间的对应关系。结果肌钙蛋白（CTnI）、肌红蛋白（myo）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）总阳性结果36例,占整个标本的78．3％。myo阳性率54．3％明显高于CTnI、CK—MB的阳性率（32．6％、41．3％）。当CTnI、CK—MB阳性时,心肌酶谱出现异常的比率（分别为39．9％和35．9％）明显高于myo阳性时的比率（24．2％）。结论同时进行“心梗三合一”及心肌酶的测定,有助于临床提高对心肌梗死的诊断,提升对患者的诊治效果。     

高敏肌钙蛋白T对儿童病毒性心肌炎诊断价值探讨

目的探讨高敏肌钙蛋白T(hs-cTnT)和肌酸激酶同工酶质量(CK-MB mass)对儿童病毒性心肌炎(VMC)的诊疗价值。方法选择VMC患儿67例,分别于患儿出现心累、气促等临床症状2~4 d以及治疗1周后检测血清hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass水平;同时测定54例急性胃肠炎患儿、53例上呼吸道感染患儿、50例肺炎患儿及55名健康体检儿童(正常对照组)的血清hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass水平并做比较。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass联合检测及单项检测时的敏感性和特异性。结果急性胃肠炎组、急性上呼吸道感染组、肺炎组、正常对照组及VMC组入院时的血清hs-cTnT水平[中位数(四分位数)]分别为5.68(3.83,8.22)、5.03(3.00,6.57)、5.52(3.44,10.19)、4.81(3.22,6.67)和58.57(29.77,160.20)pg/mL;血清CK-MB mass水平[中位数(四分位数)]分别为2.29(1.72,2.96)、2.26(1.41,3.48)、2.59(1.81,3.62)、1.83(1.42,3.05)和7.40(4.32,13.26)ng/mL;各组间hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass水平差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为115.15、83.79,P均0.001),且VMC组入院时hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass水平明显高于急性胃肠炎组、急性上呼吸道感染组、肺炎组和正常对照组(P均0.001)。VMC组治疗后hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass水平虽低于入院时(P均0.001),但仍高于急性胃肠炎组、急性上呼吸道感染组、肺炎组和正常对照组(P均0.001)。ROC曲线显示VMC入院时与治疗后hs-cTnT和CK-MB mass联合检测的敏感性高于单独检测hs-cTnT(P0.05),但特异性差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 hs-cTnT用于诊断VMC有较高的敏感性和特异性,和CK-MB mass联合检测有更高的辅助诊断价值。     

COVID-19 and the heart

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in December 2019 due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is a strain of SARS-CoV. Patients infected with the virus present a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from mild flu-like symptoms, cough, fever and fatigue to severe lung injury, appearing as bilateral interstitial pneumonia or acute respiratory failure. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection predominantly offends the respiratory system, it has been associated with several cardiovascular complications as well. For example, patients with COVID-19 may either develop type 2 myocardial infarction due to myocardial oxygen demand and supply imbalance or acute coronary syndrome resulting from excessive inflammatory response to the primary infection. The incidence of COVID-19 related myocarditis is estimated to be accountable for an average of 7% of all COVID-19 related fatal cases, whereas heart failure (HF) may develop due to infiltration of the heart by inflammatory cells, destructive action of pro-inflammatory cytokines, micro-thrombosis and new onset or aggravated endothelial and respiratory failure. Lastly, SARS-CoV-2 can engender arrhythmias through direct myocardial damage causing acute myocarditis or through HF decompensation or secondary, through respiratory failure or severe respiratory distress syndrome. In this comprehensive review we summarize the COVID-19 related cardiovascular complications (acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, HF, arrhythmias) and discuss the main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.