子痫及脑血管病30例临床分析

回顾性分析了30倒妊高征并发子痫及脑血管病的患者,结合文献资料提出：妊高征是子痫发脑血管病的发病基础,子痫是脑血管病的临床表现;有条件对应借助于头颅CT和脑血管造影鉴别脑血管病的类型,从而为进一步治疗提供依据;及时终止妊娠,去除原发病是治疗的关键,但在剖宫产的麻醉选择上应当慎重。     

220例儿童脑血管病病因及临床特点分析

回顾分析220例脑血管病患儿病因和临床特点。男性149例(67.73%)、女性71例(32.27%),186例(84.55%)有明确病因,以颅内动-静脉畸形(80例占36.36%)为主要首发病因,然后依次为颅脑创伤(38例占17.27%)、颅内感染(15例占6.82%)、颅内动脉瘤(13例占5.91%)、晚发性维生素K缺乏症(12例占5.45%)、先天性心脏病(9例占4.09%)和海绵状血管瘤(7例占3.18%);不同病因组性别差异无统计学意义(P=0.730)。儿童脑血管病病因和临床特点有其特殊性,应尽早诊断、及时治疗,从而改善患儿预后。     

急性脑血管病并发多脏器功能失常综合征78例临床分析

目的 :探讨急性脑血管病 (ACVD)并发多脏器功能失常综合征 (MODS)的发病因素、临床特点及转归 ,以提高对本病的认识。方法 :回顾性分析 78例ACVD并发MODS患者的临床资料。结果 :脑缺血 -再灌注损伤与微循环障碍最终导致MODS ,病死率高 ,并发上消化道出血、呼吸及肾功能衰竭的病因是综合性的。结论 :预防ACVD后的MODS的发生至关重要 ,应早期常规进行有关器官功能监测 ,积极有效的综合治疗是减少MODS死亡的重要环节。     

65例老年脑血管病的临床研究

目的了解脑血管性痴呆中各项因素对病程及预后的影响。方法方法使用长谷川痴呆量表（HDS）测试,将住院的65例符合诊断的脑血管病患者分成痴呆组与非痴呆组,进行精神、神经症状、体征、CT、病程、卒中发作史等的对照观察,为期半年。结果两组患者症状仅在失用、主动性差、表情呆滞存在差异P〈0．01;CT比较痴呆组复发性脑梗死18例,非痴呆组单发脑梗死21例;两组患者病程在4年以上的人数比较之间有显著性差异P〈0．05;痴呆发生率在卒中1次发作为27．7％,2次发作为44．8％,3次发作为77．7％;治疗后痴呆组与非痴呆组HDS测查分别提高1．4、1．6分。结论痴呆组与非痴呆组的症状与大脑痛变的大小、部位有关,多次发作梗塞是造成痴呆的主要因素,病程越长痴呆发生率越高。     

A clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases of cerebrovascular leptospirosis

12 pathologically verified cases of cerebrovascular leptospirosis were analysed of its clinical characteristics and types. Formation and development of cerebral panarteritis and infarctions were also discussed. It occurred in rural areas among children and adolescents after infection by leptospira pomona, especially following latent infection. Multiple occlusive vascular disorder presenting as a late manifestation of pomona infection occurred in 9 cases, intracranial hemorrhage in 2, and intracranial hypertension in 1 case. Cerebral panarteritis involved the main trunks of larger arteries at the base of the brain. Owing to invariable narrowing of intracranial portions of internal carotid arteries, infarcts always appeared in areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery, often accompanied by marginal infarction at watershed areas. It was suggested that cerebrovascular leptospirosis could be ascribed to residual infection of cerebral arteries soaked in CSF during the septicemic stage of pomona infection.     

Recent progress in diagnostic imaging of cerebrovascular diseases]

The recent development of the neuroimaging modalities has enabled early detection of abnormal cerebral perfusion due to arterial steno-occlusive lesions by means of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and perfusion weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), early detection of ischemic brain damage by means of diffusion weighted image of MRI, and lacunar infarction and hemorrhage by means of T 2 * weighted images. These methods are now available for the clinical practice. The imaging technique further visualized various pathological states associated with cerebrovascular disease. The fiber tracts in the white matter and its disruption can be evaluated by anisotropy imaging of MRI. Selective neuronal necrosis after mild ischemia was detected by radioactive tracers specifically bound to neurons. These progress may contribute to uncover the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases and to treat the patients.     

Apolipoproteins A and B in cerebrovascular diseases

The present study has proved unequivocally the value of determining apolipoproteins A and B and the APO-L A/B quotient for establishing the risk for cerebrovascular disease. The determination of apolipoproteins should be preferred to the determination of HDL, LDL and VLDL, which has been practised so far. While only 30% of a group of 88 patients suffering from cerebrovascular disease had serum cholesterol levels of more than 250 mg/dl and approx. 57% showed HDL values below 40 mg/dl, a reduced APO-L A/B relation (less than 1.75) was demonstrated in 74%. A reduced APO-L A/B quotient was also observed in more than 70% of 62 CVD patients whose cholesterol level was within the range of normal. Determination of apolipoproteins may, therefore, be regarded as further progress in risk factor diagnostic of arteriosclerotic disease.     

Consensus and controversy in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]

Surgical and endovascular revascularization for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) should be strictly indicated based on medical treatment. In this report, we describe current consensus and controversy in the treatment of ischemic CVD, and perspectives. 1) Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy for acute cerebral embolism; intra-venous t-PA can be beneficial when given within 3 hours of stroke onset (NINDS), but many patients present later after stroke onset and alternative treatments are needed. Despite an increased frequency intracranial hemorrhage, treatment with intra-arterial proUK within 6 hours for MCA occlusion significantly improved clinical outcome at 90 days (mRS 40% >25%, PROACT-II). MELT-Japan are going now and waiting for results. 2) Carotid stenting; Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has been proposed as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in those considered at high risk for CEA. SAPPHIRE study confirmed CAS is an excellent option for patients with coexisting coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and other comorbid conditions that make them poor candidates for CEA. Now, CREST in USA and CSSA in Europe are going for randomized trial compared with CEA and CAS in any risk for CEA patients. 3) Stenting for intracranial arteries; Stroke rates in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis may be high on medical therapy. Although there is no clinical evidence and appropriate devices for intracranial vessels, it seems to be a potentially effective in the future.     

Mechanisms of motor recovery after cerebrovascular accident]

Recovery from motor deficit after a stroke remains a puzzling scientific question as well as public health problem. The natural history of deficits after stroke is given to us through published series of patients and we know from them that neurological deficits, spontaneously but most of the time partially, recover. Neuroimaging modern techniques (PET scan, fMRI, evoked potentials) allowed us to identify the main aspects of the post-stroke intracerebral reorganisation. Reorganisation of basal cerebral metabolism, changes in the somatotopia of primary motor cortex, recruitment of remote cortices, participation of associative cortices are clearly part of the rearrangement processes. It is likely that such mechanisms represent the basis of clinical recovery of our patients. However, despite those important advances, very few is known about the effect of treatments on the recovery phenomenon. Some lines of evidence appear now to give rationale to rehabilitation procedures and to drugs suspected to improve clinical recovery.     

27例重症脑血管病患者的救治体会

目的探讨重症监护室脑血管病患者的临床特点及治疗体会。方法分析27例脑血管病危重症患者的临床资料,比较院前和监护治疗时的各项指标。结果①77.8%脑血管病患者急诊入院时血压高,其中33.3%患者知晓高血压,高血压未知比率高达44.4%。63.0%为血脂异常患者,高脂血症未知比率高达94.1%;②患者ICU监护治疗时间平均为76±13.7小时,88.89%患者应用呼吸机辅助呼吸,呼吸机持续使用时间平均为57±13.3小时;③27例脑血管病患者好转出院16例(59.3%),预后不佳,非医嘱离院6例(22.2%),死亡5例(18.5%)。结论高血压及高血脂知晓率低,需有效预防控制高血压及高血脂,监护治疗有助改善脑血管病患者预后。     

颅脑损伤后并发中枢性肺水肿34例临床分析

目的 :对 34例颅脑损伤后并发中枢性肺水肿 (CPE)进行临床分析并提出相应治疗措施。方法 :对 1993年 1月至 1999年1月收治的 34例CPE进行回顾性分析及结合文献进行复习。结果 :颅脑损伤后CPE起病急骤 ,治疗困难 ,早期诊治和呼吸监护能降低死亡率。结论 :颅脑损伤后CPE的诊治在于早期诊断 ,及时治疗及相应的呼吸监护。