肿块型慢性胰腺炎39例临床分析

目的 探讨肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床特征.方法 回顾分析2005年1月至2007年12月间39例经手术病理证实的肿块型慢性胰腺炎患者临床表现、影像学及病理学资料,并与经手术病理检查证实的17例胰腺癌患者进行比较.结果 39例肿块型慢性胰腺炎和17例胰腺癌患者中黄疸分别有14例和1例.差异有统计学意义(χ2=0.111,P=0.045),血清癌胚抗原升高分别为0例和3例,糖链抗原(CA)19-9升高分别为12例和11例,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);CT显示胰腺萎缩、胰腺周围及血管侵犯分别有0、5例和3、8例,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).31例肿块型慢性胰腺炎和14例胰腺癌患者行磁共振胰胆管造影检查,胰管扩张、胰管中断、胆管扩张分别有14、2、15例和11、6、2例.差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).18例肿块型慢性胰腺炎和14例胰腺癌患者行超声内镜引导下细针穿刺检查,前者未找到肿瘤细胞,后者中10例发现恶性肿瘤细胞.结论 肿块型慢性胰腺炎诊断困难,结合临床特点、肿瘤血清标志物检查、影像学检查对诊断有一定帮助,尤其活组织病理检查有较高的诊断价值.     

215例慢性胰腺炎病因学分析

目的：探讨我国慢性胰腺炎的病因。方法：回顾性分析1990－2000年北京协和医院215例慢性胰腺炎患者的病因。结果：215例慢性胰腺炎患者的病因中,胆道系统疾病占36．7％,酒精中毒占26．5％,特发性占30．2％,其他病因包括自身免疫性疾病、急性胰腺炎、外伤和遗传等。胆道系统疾病中以胆囊结石最为多见,其次为胆管结石和胆囊炎。结论：我国慢性胰腺炎的病因以胆道系统疾病为主,而酒精性因素呈上升趋势,自身免疫性疾病作为慢性胰腺炎的病因正逐渐受到重视。     

肿块型慢性胰腺炎11例的临床及影像学特征

目的 分析肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床和影像学特点,并与胰腺肿瘤相鉴别.方法 回顾性分析11例肿块型慢性胰腺炎的临床、影像学、实验室和病理特征.结果 肿块型慢性胰腺炎多见于老年人、男性患者,临床主要表现为梗阻性黄疸和腹部不适.血清CA19-9水平可轻度升高,通常＜100U/ml,较胰腺癌低.B超对肿块型CP诊断的准确率仅18.2%,只能作为初筛手段;CT的诊断准确率为45.5%,表现为主胰管及其分支呈球样扩张,可见胰腺假性囊肿和钙化;MRCP和EUS均可见胆总管、胰管不规则扩张,表现与胰腺癌相似;ERCP可清楚显示胰胆管的病变部位、梗阻性质、胰胆管的狭窄及扩张情况等,与CT检查结合,对鉴别肿块型CP与胰头癌有重要意义.根据组织病理检查,少部分肿块型慢性胰腺炎属于自身免疫性胰腺炎.结论肿块型慢性胰腺炎临床和影像学特征与胰腺癌相似,需结合病史、临床表现、实验室及影像学检查、组织病理综合判断.     

慢性胰腺炎的病因

慢性胰腺炎的发病率地区间差别很大,欧美国家发病率较高,而我国发病率较低,但近年来有升高的趋势,目前尚无准确统计数字［１］。我国慢性胰腺炎的病因与两方国家有所不同。在西方国家的慢性胰腺炎病因中,酒精性高居首位,其他依次为遗传、热带性、损伤和自身免疫等因素。据我国文献及我院近１０年２１５例病例报道,我国慢性胰腺炎最常见的病因是胆道系统疾病,其次为酒精性,也有一部分患者无明显病因,称之为特发性。 胆源性疾病能否成为慢性胰腺炎的病因仍存在争议。我国学者与欧美,甚至亚洲的一些学者在这一问题上存在分歧。早在…     

自身免疫性胰腺炎81例临床特征分析

目的 总结我国自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)患者的临床特征.方法 分析上海长海医院2005年2月至2012年5月诊断为AIP的81例患者临床资料.结果 81例AIP患者中男女比例7.1∶1,平均年龄(57±12)岁.51.9％ (42/81)患者以梗阻性黄疸为首发症状.影像学显示胰腺局灶型占位45例,弥漫型肿大35例,胰腺假性囊肿为主要表现1例;72.8％ (59/81)伴有胆管受累,11.1％(5/45)伴有主胰管扩张.PET-CT表现为全胰腺(11例)或胰头颈部(2例)代谢增高,5例伴有胰腺外显著高代谢区.血清IgG4阳性率94.6％(53/56),CA19-9阳性率54.4％(37/68),ss-DNA抗体阳性率14.3％ (4/28),抗核抗体阳性率10.7％(3/28),ds-DNA抗体阳性率7.1％(2/28).20例手术标本行HE染色和IgG4免疫组化染色,均符合淋巴浆细胞硬化性胰腺炎表现.结论 我国AIP以1型为主,结合临床症状,胰腺外表现、影像学和(或)核医学、血清学、细胞学和(或)组织学等检查可有效提高AIP的正确诊断率.     

自身免疫性胰腺炎11例临床分析

目的 回顾性分析自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的实验室、病理学及影像学表现,以便早期诊断AIP并进行治疗.方法 选取2007年6月至2009年6月我院收治、诊断明确及资料完整的AIP患者11例.所有患者均检测血常规、肿瘤指标、血淀粉酶、自身抗体等指标,并行腹部CT和B超检查.结果 实验室检查:血淀粉酶和肝酶增高5例,高胆红素血症4例,高球蛋白血症3例;肿瘤指标:6例患者CA199升高,平均值为78.4 U/ml;影像学检查:11例患者均有胰腺肿大.4例患者给予药物治疗,3个月后复查胰腺体积恢复正常,胰管及胆管未见狭窄或扩张;7例患者术后病理证实胰腺内大量纤维组织增生,淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,并见淋巴滤泡形成,其中2例术后6～12个月确诊为干燥综合征和类风湿关节炎,予糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂治疗后症状消失.结论 AIP是一种特殊类型的慢性胰腺炎,具有特征性的实验室、影像学及组织学特点.如诊断明确,糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂治疗有效.     

慢性胰腺炎的临床特征分析

目前对慢性胰腺炎（CP）的基础和临床研究还十分薄弱，为此，我们回顾性调查分析了山东省5家医院127例CP患者的资料，旨在探讨CP的病因分布规律及其临床特征。     

中国北方地区慢性胰腺炎的病因分析

目的研究中国北方地区慢性胰腺炎的病因。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军总医院2010年1月1日-2014年12月31日收治的133例北方地区慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,总结其发病原因及特点。结果在133例慢性胰腺炎患者中,46例(34.59%)由长期饮酒所致,20例(15.04%)与胆系疾病相关,11例(8.27%)患者同时存在长期饮酒与合并胆系疾病两种致病因素,25例(18.80%)为特发性胰腺炎,20例(15.04%)诊断为自身免疫性胰腺炎,其余少见病因包括先天发育异常、急性胰腺炎后、代谢紊乱等共11例(8.27%)。结论在我国北方地区,长期饮酒是引起慢性胰腺炎的最常见病因。     

渐进改变支架数量治疗儿童及青少年慢性胰腺炎临床疗效分析

目的 探讨改变内镜放置胰管支架的数量,对改善ERCP治疗儿童及青少年慢性胰腺炎疗效的影响。方法 对3～16岁行两次及以上ERCP治疗的慢性胰腺炎患者,按照第2次行ERCP是否基于前次基础改变支架数量分为对照组以及渐变组,比较每组患儿在每一段随访期间内因腹痛入院的次数以及因慢性胰腺炎需要入院和进行手术治疗的百分比,以此判断改变胰管支架数量对慢性胰腺炎患儿的治疗效果。结果 共纳入3～16岁行至少两次ERCP诊治慢性胰腺炎患者11例,对照组（5例）和渐变组（6例）需要住院患儿的例数百分比［7例次（140.0％）比2例次（33.3％）］以及患儿因腹痛而入院的平均次数［1.5次比0.8次］,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）。因为腹痛而入院治疗的概率在两组间差异也有统计学意义（P=0.003）。结论 第2次就诊时增加胰管支架数量治疗慢性胰腺炎可减少因腹痛而导致的再入院治疗次数。     

我国慢性胰腺炎病因分析

慢性胰腺炎(CP)是目前危及人们健康的主要胰腺疾病之一。近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，CP的发病率呈上升趋势，我国较上世纪80年代增加了近10倍。为了进一步探讨CP的发病机制，诊断手段及有效的治疗措施，我们邀请一批专家就“CP的病因与发病机制“、“CP的诊断“、“CP的治疗“三方面进行了专题笔谈。本刊将分3期陆续刊登。同时，希望广大读者来稿参与讨论。     

Chronic pancreatitis in Chinese children: Etiology,clinical presentation and imaging diagnosis

Background and Aims: There is a paucity of literature regarding the clinical profile of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children. The aims of this retrospective study were to determine the etiology and clinical presentation, and to present our experience in diagnosing CP in children in China. Methods: Clinical data of children who were treated for CP at Changhai Hospital from January 1997 to August 2006 were reviewed. Results: A total of 427 CP patients presented to our center. There were 42 (9.8%) children with CP, including 21 males and 21 females, with a mean age of 11.7 years at the first onset. The main etiological factor was idiopathic (73.8%). Of the patients, 78.5% had episodes of mild to moderate abdominal pain and 54.8% had multiple (≥ 4) episodes. The mean duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis was 41.6 months and a definite diagnosis was not made until 2 years later in 57.1% of these patients. The positive rates of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) (or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) for detecting ductal changes and intraductal stones or pancreatic calcification were 51.4% and 45.4%, 71.4% and 87.5%, 80.0% and 61.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The main etiological factor of Chinese children with CP is idiopathic. The main symptom in these patients is multiple episodes of mild to moderate abdominal pain, which often lead to a delay in the definite diagnosis. CT and MRCP (or MRI) should be used as the first investigation in the evaluation of these cases.     

酒精性急性胰腺炎发病机制及临床特征

动物实验及临床研究表明,酒精及其代谢产物、细菌内毒素、病毒感染、饮酒方式、吸烟、肥胖及宿主的基因突变及基因多态性在酒精性急性胰腺炎发生中具有重要作用.酒精性急性胰腺炎的发病率已明显增加,其以男性为主,病死率高,重症存活者生活质量低下.本文综述了酒精性急性胰腺炎的发病机制及临床特征.     

Chronic pancreatitis in north-east Italy: a clinical and pathological study

The clinical and pathological features of 132 patients of North-Eastern Italy with proven chronic pancreatitis (presence of radiological pancreatic calcification and/or surgical and histological data) have been studied. The disease appeared to be associated with chronic and regular alcoholic habits in most cases. Histo-pathological examinations showed calcifying pancreatitis also in patients without radiological pancreatic calcification. Chronic pancreatitis in North-Eastern Italy seems to be similar to that described in France, except for a high frequency of associated gallstones.     

Chronic narcotic use in inflammatory bowel disease patients: prevalence and clinical characteristics

BACKGROUND: Narcotic addiction can be a significant problem in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there are few published reports about this problem. METHODS: All patients prescribed narcotics chronically in the absence of demonstrable organic pathology were identified on the computerized Brisbane IBD Research Group database (n=332 patients with informative data as of 1 January 1999). Individual case records were reviewed with regard to clinical, psychiatric and social characteristics of these patients, and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders were compared with a control group of IBD patients. RESULTS: Eleven patients were identified. Nine had complete datasets, eight with Crohn's disease (CD), of which six had previous stricturing ileal disease, and one patient had ulcerative colitis, making a prevalence of 2.7% of IBD patients and 5.1% of CD patients. A 67% prevalence of a psychiatric disorder in narcotic users was significantly greater than the 8% prevalence in the control group of IBD patients (odds ratio 22, 95% CI 3.24-177). CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of IBD patients without demonstrable organic pathology were chronic narcotic users. Psychiatric disorders are common in this subgroup, as with chronic functional abdominal pain syndromes. It is suggested that inappropriate narcotic use in IBD patients can be reduced by appreciating that narcotics are a temporary therapy only for IBD patients, and awareness of pre-existing social and psychiatric disorders, which not only impact on clinical presentation of pain, but also help define the subgroup of patients who are at risk of narcotic misuse.     

The clinical outcome of elderly patients with acute pancreatitis is not different in spite of the different etiologies and severity

The aim of this study was to investigate the overall clinical characteristics of elderly patients with acute pancreatitis. We retrospectively evaluated 227 consecutively enrolled patients who were admitted with acute pancreatitis. The clinical features, the radiological and laboratory data and the clinical outcome were analyzed according to the age groups (≥65 years vs. <65 years). Among the 227 enrolled patients with acute pancreatitis, there were 85 elderly patients and 142 non-elderly. The mean age of the elderly patients was 72.3 ± 5.5 years and that of the non-elderly was 44.7 ± 11.7 (p < 0.001). For the elderly patients, biliary pancreatitis was the most common cause (56.5%), but alcoholic pancreatitis was most common in the non-elderly patients (45.8%). Although the computed tomography (CT) severity index was significantly higher for the non-elderly patients (p < 0.001), the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score was significantly higher for the elderly than that for the non-elderly (p < 0.001). However, the duration of the hospital stay (10.3 ± 9.6 days vs. 11.9 ± 10.1 days, p = 0.619) and mortality (3.5% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.148) were not different between the age-groups. In our study, chronological age had no significant influence on the clinical outcome in spite of the different etiologies and severity of acute pancreatitis.     

不同病因所致食管溃疡临床特征的研究进展

食管溃疡是由不同病因引起的食管各段黏膜层、黏膜下层甚至肌层破坏而形成的坏死性病变,其在临床上相比于胃溃疡及十二指肠溃疡较为少见,且不同病因所致食管溃疡临床特征复杂多样,容易引起诊治延误,并严重的影响着患者的生活质量及日常工作。基于此,本文就不同病因所致的食管溃疡临床特征做一综述,从而为临床医师更好地诊治不同病因所致食管溃疡提供理论依据。     

169例胸腔积液病因分布和临床特点

目的探讨胸腔积液的病因分布和临床特征。方法分析我院所有收治并且资料完整的胸腔积液患的临床资料。结果 169例胸腔积液患者的病因依次为:结核性胸膜炎89例(52.66%)、恶性肿瘤35例(20.71%)、心功能不全18例(10.65%)、肺炎或肺部感染17例(10.06%),其他10例。结核性胸腔积液以40岁以下患者占48.3%,老年病人在增加,腺苷脱氨酶的敏感率为79.78%;恶性胸腔积液以60岁以上患者居多(65.7%),40岁以下极少(5.7%)。恶性胸腔积液查到肿瘤细胞者26例,阳性率为73%。结论胸腔积液主要病因是结核和肿瘤,结核患者以青年居多,恶性肿瘤以老年患者居多。临床综合分析是判断病因的关键。