托吡酯和利培酮治疗首发躁狂症60例分析

选取2010年1月～2012年6月来我院治疗的首发躁狂症患者60例,随机分为两组,分别采用托吡酯和利培酮进行治疗,入组前及治疗后1、2、4w对患者进行常规检查、BRMS、CGI、TESS评分,疗程为期4w。结果经过4w治疗,托吡酯组治愈7例,显效12例,有效6例,无效5例,总有效率为83.3%;利培酮组治愈8例,显效11例,有效7例,无效4例,总有效率为86.6%;两组疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不良反应率两组间亦无显著性差异(P>0.05)。托吡酯和利培酮治疗首发躁狂症均有效安全,值得临床推广应用。     

五氟利多与利培酮口服液治疗首发精神分裂症随机双盲对照研究

目的探讨五氟利多与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法选择2012年6月至2013年6月期间在常德市康复医院收治的首发拒药精神分裂症患者100例,随机分为五氟利多组(n=50)和利培酮组(n=50)。五氟利多组给予五氟利多治疗,利培酮组给予利培酮治疗。两组患者治疗疗程均为8周。结果五氟利多组治疗后总有效率(90.00%)显著高于利培酮组(72.00%),且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后2周、治疗后5周及治疗后8周PANSS评分显著低于各组治疗前,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而两组治疗前后PANSS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);采用不良反应量表(TESS)评定药物不良反应,利培酮组总不良反应率(25.00%)低于五氟利多组(40.00%),但差异未见统计学意义(P0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症应用五氟利多较利培酮口服液疗效显著,安全性好,每周1次,服用方便,价格底廉,具有重要临床意义。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮口腔崩解片治疗首发精神分裂症患者随机、双盲、双模拟平行对照研究

目的 比较齐拉西酮片与利培酮口腔崩解片治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性.方法 采用随机、双盲、双模拟平行对照的方法,对符合中国精神障碍分类诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)精神分裂症诊断标准的首发精神分裂症患者,随机分为齐拉西酮片组和利培酮口腔崩解片组,齐拉西酮片和利培酮口腔崩解片最低剂量分别为40 mg/d和2 mg/d,最高剂量分别为160 mg/d和8 mg/d,每日分两次服用.进行为期8周的双盲双模拟对照研究.采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)评定疗效、采用副反应量表(TESS)评定副反应.结果 114例首发精神分裂症患者完成研究,齐拉西酮组55例,利培酮口腔崩解片组59例.治疗8周后,齐拉西酮组显效率为65.5%,有效率为92.7%;利培酮口腔崩解片组显效率为67.8%,有效率为93.2%.两组疗效在统计学上无显著性差异( P>0.05).齐拉西酮片组和利培酮口腔崩解片组副反应的发生率分别为36.4%和32.2%,严重程度多为轻度.而锥体外系副反应发生率利培酮口腔崩解片组(11.9%)多于齐拉西酮组(3.6%),但全部副反应在两组间的差异不具有统计学意义.结论 齐拉西酮片和利培酮口腔崩解片对精神分裂症疗效和副反应相当.     

奥氮平与氯氮平联合心境稳定剂治疗躁狂症对照研究

目的　比较奥氮平与氯氮平治疗躁狂症的疗效与不良反应。方法　将符合CCMD 3双相情感性精神障碍躁狂相或躁狂发作诊断标准的 78例患者 ,随机分为研究组 (奥氮平联合心境稳定剂组 ) 38例和对照组 (氯氮平联合心境稳定剂组 ) 4 0例 ,分别进行 6w的治疗和观察 ,并于入组时和治疗第 1、2、4、6w末应用BRMS各评定 1次 ,以TESS评定不良反应 ,以Beck -Rafaelsen减分率评定临床疗效。结果　研究组与对照组治疗 6w末躁狂症状均有显著性改善 ,有效率分别为 94 .7%和 92 .5 % ,两组间比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,药物不良反应研究组显著少于对照组。结论　奥氮平是一种有效的抗躁狂药物 ,不良反应少且轻     

利培酮治疗老年性精神分裂症对照研究

目的　探讨利培酮对老年性精神分裂症患者的疗效与安全性。方法　将58例老年性精神分裂症患者随机分为利培 酮治疗组(研究组)30例和奋乃静治疗组(对照组)28例,疗程8w。利培酮平均治疗剂量2.70±1.21mg·d-1,奋乃静平均治 疗剂量16.30±3.95mg·d-1。在治疗前及治疗第8w末采用阳性与阴性症状量表、副反应量表评定疗效与副反应。结果　治 疗第8w末,两组阳性与阴性症状量表评分较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.01),研究组有效率70.0%,对照组71.4%,两组疗效 差异无显著性(P>0.05);副反应量表评分:研究组42.3±16.5分,对照组65.6±20.4分,利培酮的不良反应较奋乃静少而 轻,差异有极显著性(χ2=10.273,P<0.01)。结论　利培酮治疗老年性精神分裂症疗效好、依从性好、安全性高。     

齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照分析

目的：比较齐拉西酮和利培酮对精神分裂症的疗效、不良反应及其与对照组之间的差异。方法：将80例精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组（40例）和利培酮组（40例）,进行为期6周的观察,采用阳性与阴性综合征量表（PAN SS）评定疗效,用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：齐拉西酮组有效率为92.5%,利培酮组有效率为90.0%,两药治疗精神分裂症的有效率及显效率差异均无显著性,疗效相当,两组不良反应存在差异。结论：齐拉西酮和利培酮都是安全有效且耐受性较好的抗精神病药,两种药物疗效相当,前者不良反应更少,更安全。     

碳酸锂与丙戊酸钠治疗躁狂症副反应的对照研究

碳酸锂与丙戊酸钠已广泛用于治疗躁狂症，均有肯定的疗效。但有关两者在治疗躁狂症副反应的异同则少有研究。本研究通过随机法对50例躁狂症患者分成使用碳酸锂组及使用丙戊酸钠组，探讨副反应的异同，现将结果报告如下。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较齐拉西酮与利培酮对女性精神分裂症的疗效及副作用。方法将符合CCMD-3精神分裂症诊断标准的60例女性患者随机分为两组，分别给予齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗，疗程为8周。以阳性症状和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、精神药物副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及副反应。结果治疗8周后，两组患者的PANSS评分均明显减少，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。两组间比较PANSS评分差异无显著性（P〉0.05）．齐拉西酮组副反应发生率低于利培酮组，差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但齐拉西酮组的月经紊乱、锥体外系副反应（EPS）、体重增加等不良副反应均比对照组少，具有显著性差异。结论齐拉西酮与利培酮对女性精神分裂症的疗效相当，有效率分别为93．3％、90．0％。齐拉西酮锥体外系副反应和内分泌改变较利培酮少，更适用于女性精神分裂症患者。     

利培酮治疗酒精所致精神障碍对照研究

目的探讨利培酮治疗酒精所致精神障碍的临床疗效及安全性。方法将60例酒精所致精神障碍患者随机分为利培酮组和氯丙嗪组,每组各30例,疗程6w。治疗前与治疗第6w末采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应。结果利培酮组有效率73.3%,氯丙嗪组有效率46.7%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。利培酮组不良反应明显低于氯丙嗪组。结论利培酮对酒精所致精神障碍的疗效优于氯丙嗪,且不良反应较少。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症临床对照分析

目的：比较奥氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应。方法：随机将符合中国精神疾病分类（CCMD-3）精神分裂症诊断标准的70例患者进入奥氮平或利培酮组接受治疗，分别在治疗0，1，2，4，6，8周评定症状评定量表（PANSS）和不良反应量表（TESS），在0，4，8周检查心脑电图和肝、肾功能，在0，8周检查血催乳素和空腹血糖。结果：奥氮平与利培酮疗效相当，奥氮平能迅速减轻精神症状，其产生的不良反应少，严重程度轻，很少引起血催乳素变化；利培酮会显著提高血催乳素水平。结论：奥氮平对精神分裂症治疗安全有效。     

Almond oil for patients with hyperlipidemia: A randomized open-label controlled clinical trial

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases currently account for nearly half of non-communicable diseases. It was shown that enjoying a handful of nuts every day can significantly reduce the risk of developing heart diseases as they contain a variety of nutrients and other bioactive substances contributing to lowering the risk of heart diseases and controlling the cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of almond oil on the lipid profile of patients with hyperlipidemia.MethodsNinety-seven patients were divided into the intervention (n = 49) and control (n = 48) groups. The intervention group received 10 ml of almond oil two times daily for 30 days. There was no intervention for the control group. The serum lipoproteins were measured before and after the study.ResultsThe total cholesterol and LDL levels decreased significantly in the intervention group (treatment difference = -16.12 ± 26.16, P = 0.009; treatment difference = -20.88 ± 18.4, p < 0.001 respectively). But regular almond oil consumption did not significantly affect the triglyceride and HDL in this sample of hyperlipidemic patients.ConclusionConsumption of almond could reduce the total cholesterol and LDL in dyslipidemic patients.     

A randomized controlled clinical trial of levofloxacin 750 mg versus 500 mg intravenous infusion in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 750 mg for 5 days versus 500 mg for 7–14 days intravenous (IV) in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This clinical trial was the first of its kind conducted in Chinese people and also in Asian population. A total of 241 were enrolled and randomized to 750 mg group (n = 121) or 500 mg (n = 120) group from 10 study centers. The median treatment duration was 5.0 days in 750 mg and 9.0 days in 500 mg group. The median total dose was 3750 mg in 750 mg and 4500 mg in 500 mg group. The bacterial eradication rate was 100% in both groups. The overall efficacy rate in 750 mg group was 86.2% (94/109), and 84.7% (94/111), in 500 mg group of full analysis set visit 4, 95% confidence interval of 1.6% (−7.8–10.9%); the statistical results showed that 750 mg group was non-inferior to 500 mg group. The most common clinical adverse drug reactions were injection site adverse reactions in both 750 mg group and 500 mg group; the other common adverse drug reactions were insomnia, nausea, skin rash, etc. The most common drug-related laboratory abnormalities were neutrophil percentage decreased, decreased white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase elevation in both 750 mg group and 500 mg group. Most of adverse drug reactions were mild in severity and well-tolerated. In summary, the regimen of levofloxacin 750 mg IV for 5 days was at least as effective and well tolerated as 500 mg IV for 7–14 days for the treatment of CAP.     

脑多肽治疗血管性痴呆的随机双盲研究

探讨脑多肽治疗血管性痴呆的确切疗效。方法随机双育临床试验。第一疗程,观察组（A）63例,对照组（B）63例;第二疗程,采用交叉对照,AA组31例,AB组对例,BB组对倒,BA组32例,待疗效评定分析后揭盲。结果第一疗程疗效：总有效率观察组（A）为74．6％,对照组（B）为39．7％,两组经x2检验相差非常显著（P＜0．01）;第二疗程疗效：AA组总有效率为80．6％,经秩和检验两疗程间差异显著（P＜0．01）。经Ridit分析,以两疗程治疗组疗效最佳。副作用仅视察组尿素氮偏高。结论脑多肽治疗血管性痴呆近期疗效确切,副作用小,值得临床推广应用。     

Passionflower in the treatment of opiates withdrawal: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: Clonidine-based therapies have been utilized as the main protocol for opiate detoxification for several years. However, detoxification with clonidine has its limitations, including lack of efficacy for mental symptoms. Accumulating evidence shows the efficacy of Passiflora incarnata extract in the management of anxiety. In our continuing study of traditional medicines, which have neurotropic effects, this plant had an anxiolytic effect, which may be used as an adjuvant agent in the detoxification of opiates by clonidine. We present the results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of clonidine plus passiflora extract vs. clonidine plus placebo in the outpatient detoxification of 65 opiates addicts. METHODS: A total of 65 opiates addicts were assigned randomly to treatment with passiflora extract plus clonidine tablet or clonidine tablet plus placebo drop during a 14-day double-blind clinical trial. All patients met the DSM IV criteria for opioid dependence. The fixed daily dose was 60 drops of passiflora extract and a maximum daily dose of 0.8 mg of clonidine administered in three divided doses. The severity of the opiate withdrawal syndrome was measured on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 using the Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS). CONCLUSION: Both protocols were equally effective in treating the physical symptoms of withdrawal syndromes. However, the passiflora plus clonidine group showed a significant superiority over clonidine alone in the management of mental symptoms. These results suggested that passiflora extract may be an effective adjuvant agent in the management of opiate withdrawal. However, a larger study to confirm our results is warranted.     

Ozone therapy versus surgery for lumbar disc herniation: A randomized double-blind controlled trial

ObjectivesSurgery is the treatment of choice for symptomatic disc herniation after conservative management. Several studies have suggested the potential utility of intradiscal ozone infiltration in this pathology. The aim of this trial was to compare intradiscal ozone infiltration vs. oxygen infiltration vs. surgery.Design and interventionsThis was a randomized, double-blinded, and controlled trial in patients on a waiting list for herniated disc surgery. There were three treatment groups: surgery; intradiscal ozone infiltration (plus foraminal infiltration of ozone, steroids, and anesthetic); intradiscal oxygen infiltration (plus foraminal infiltration of oxygen, steroids, and anesthetic).Main outcome measuresThe requirements for surgery.ResultsFive years after the treatment of the last recruited patient (median follow-up: 78 months), the requirement for further surgery was 20 % for patients in the ozone group and 60 % for patients in the oxygen group. 11 % of patients initially treated with surgery also required a second surgery. Compared to the surgery group, the ozone group showed: 1) significantly lower number of inpatient days: median 3 days (interquartile range: 3–3.5 days) vs. 0 days (interquartile range: 0–1.5 days), p = 0.012; 2) significantly lower costs: median EUR 3702 (interquartile range: EUR 3283–7630) vs. EUR 364 (interquartile range: EUR 364–2536), p = 0.029.ConclusionsOur truncated trial showed that intradiscal ozone infiltrations decreased the requirements for conventional surgery, resulting in decreased hospitalization durations and associated costs. These findings and their magnitude are of interest to patients and health services providers. Further validation is ongoing.     

注射用头孢唑肟钠治疗细菌性感染的多中心随机对照临床研究

目的评价国产注射用头孢唑肟钠治疗呼吸系统及泌尿系统细菌性感染的l临床疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机、盲法、平行对照试验设计，选择呼吸系统和泌尿系统细菌性感染患者，试验组（A组）应用国产注射用头孢唑肟钠，对照组（B组）应用进口注射用头孢唑肟钠（商品名益保世灵），用法均为2．0g，静脉滴注，每12小时1次；下呼吸道感染疗程为7～14d，泌尿系统感染为5～14d。结果本研究共入选病例144例，其中下呼吸道感染和泌尿系统感染各72例。A、B两组基本临床特征差异无统计学意义，资料具有可比性。疗效分析显示．A组与B组的痊愈率分别为81．9％和63．9％，总有效率分别为98．6％和98．6％，两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A、B两组细菌清除率分别为100％和98．4％（P〉0．05）。本研究两组不良反应发生率均较低（2．8％与2．8％，P〉0．05），未见严重不良反应。结论国产注射用头孢唑肟钠对临床常见致病菌引起的下呼吸道、泌尿系统感染，临床疗效较好而不良反应发生率低，有较高的临床应用价值。     

地红霉素治疗急性细菌性呼吸道感染142例多中心随机对照临床研究

目的评价地红霉素片治疗急性细菌性呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机、双盲、双模拟和平行对照临床研究方法，将确诊为急性呼吸道感染的患随机分为2组。试验组口服地红霉素片，500mg每日1次，疗程7d；对照组口服阿奇霉素片，500mg，每日1次，疗程5d。结果地红霉素组69例，有效率为88．4％(61／69)，痊愈率为33．3％(23／69)；阿奇霉素组73例，有效率为86．3％(63／73)，痊愈率为39．7％(29／73)；2组细菌清除率分别为85．1％(40／47)和90．7％(49／54)；不良反应发生率分别为14．5％(10／69)和5．5％(4／73)，以上指标2组之间统计学处理差异无显性。结论地红霉素片可以安全有效地用于治疗急性细菌性呼吸道感染。     

Efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of endometriosis: A phase II,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (EACPP) presents with an intense inflammatory reaction. Melatonin has emerged as an important analgesic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory agent. This trial investigates the effects of melatonin compared with a placebo on EACPP, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, and sleep quality. Forty females, aged 18 to 45 years, were randomized into the placebo (n = 20) or melatonin (10 mg) (n = 20) treatment groups for a period of 8 weeks. There was a significant interaction (time vs group) regarding the main outcomes of the pain scores as indexed by the visual analogue scale on daily pain, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, and dyschezia (analysis of variance, P < 0.01 for all analyses). Post hoc analysis showed that compared with placebo, the treatment reduced daily pain scores by 39.80% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.88–43.01%) and dysmenorrhea by 38.01% (95% CI 15.96–49.15%). Melatonin improved sleep quality, reduced the risk of using an analgesic by 80%, and reduced BNDF levels independently of its effect on pain. This study provides additional evidence regarding the analgesic effects of melatonin on EACPP and melatonin’s ability to improve sleep quality. Additionally, the study revealed that melatonin modulates the secretion of BDNF and pain through distinct mechanisms.     

Impact of licorice root on the burn healing process: A double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDue to the known side effects of many synthetic drugs, the use of herbal and natural substances in treating diseases such as burns has been considered. licorice is a herbal medicine whose stem and underground roots are used in traditional medicine in many countries, including Iran, for anti-inflammatory, stomach ulcer healing, and antimicrobial purposes.Aim of the studyThis study investigated the healing effect of hydroalcoholic extract of licorice root on the wound healing process caused by second-degree burns.MethodsThe hydroalcoholic extract of licorice was prepared in ethanol solvent, and then the licorice hydrogel product was designed using gelling compounds. Then, in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with second-degree burns were selected based on inclusion criteria from the patients referred to Yazd Hospital and Isfahan Hospital. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the control group receiving hydrogel without extract and the intervention group receiving hydrogel containing licorice root hydroalcoholic extract. The intervention lasted for 15 days, and during this period, the wound-healing process was evaluated on days 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U tests with a maximum error of 5 %.ResultsThe rate of inflammation (From the 3rd day to the 10th day), redness (From the 6th day to the 15th day), pain (on the 3rd day), and burning (From the 3rd day to the 15th day) of the wound in the group that used the hydrogel-containing hydroalcoholic extract of licorice root was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the healing process was significantly faster than the control group.ConclusionHydroalcoholic extract of licorice root can accelerate the healing process of second-degree burns.