明目地黄丸中梓醇的含量测定

目的:采用HPLC法测定明目地黄丸中梓醇的含量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定梓醇的含量。结果:该方法表明梓醇在0.235～4.70ng的含量范围内线性关系良好,A =94153C+198.11,相关系数r =0.9996,加样回收率为97.27%,RSD =1.40%。结论:用HPLC法测定明目地黄丸中的梓醇的含量,结果准确,方法可行。     

梓醇对脑缺血-再灌注大鼠神经功能、氧化应激和炎症反应的影响

目的探究梓醇对脑缺血-再灌注大鼠神经功能、氧化应激和炎症反应的影响。方法选取40只6周龄SPF级SD大鼠,采用改良线栓法制作脑缺血再灌注模型,并分为模型组、低浓度梓醇组(10 mg/kg)和高浓度梓醇组(20 mg/kg),另设空白对照组,每组10只。将其中低浓度梓醇组和高浓度梓醇组分别在术前3 d及术前30 min腹腔注射上述浓度的梓醇,空白对照组、模型组注射等量生理盐水。使用m NSS神经功能缺损评分评价大鼠神经功能;使用试剂盒检测大鼠脑组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧(ROS)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)含量;使用ELISA检测白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α);使用试剂盒检测总一氧化氮合酶(t NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量水平;使用Westen Bolt检测大鼠Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达情况。结果 m NSS神经功能缺损评分结果显示,模型组评分显著高于高浓度梓醇组、低浓度梓醇组高于和空白对照组(P 0. 01);相比空白对照组,模型组MDA、ROS、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、t NOS、i NOS、NO含量和Bax蛋白表达显著升高(P 0. 01); SOD、GPX含量和Bcl-2蛋白表达显著降低(P 0. 01)。相比模型组,低浓度梓醇组和高浓度梓醇组MDA、ROS、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、t NOS、i NOS、NO含量和Bax蛋白表达显著降低,且高浓度梓醇组低于低浓度梓醇组,(P 0. 01); SOD、GPX含量和Bcl-2蛋白表达显著升高,且高浓度梓醇组高于低浓度梓醇组(P 0. 01)。结论梓醇可以有效缓解大脑缺血再灌注损伤,其作用机制与保护神经功能、降低氧化应激和炎症反应有关,且在一定浓度范围内呈浓度依赖性。     

地黄梓醇对中风后抑郁大鼠行为学影响及机制研究CSCD

目的:探究地黄梓醇对中风后抑郁大鼠行为学的影响,并从行为学、外周血清及脑组织5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达方面探讨其作用机制。方法:将24只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为模型组、梓醇干预组和假手术组,每组8只。除假手术组外,其余2组采用大脑中动脉线栓阻塞法(MCAO)联合慢性不可预见性温和应激法(CUMS)诱导抑郁样行为建立中风后抑郁大鼠模型,造模时间为7 d。造模结束后分别于第1天、第4天、第7天采用旷场试验,高架十字迷宫测定评价大鼠的行为,TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,ELISA试验检测血清及海马组织中5-HT、NE、BDNF水平。结果:梓醇干预组与模型组相比,在旷场试验中干预后第4天和第7天穿越格数、站立次数、移动总距离显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);高架十字迷宫测定,干预后第4天和第7天梓醇干预组进入开放臂次数的比例(OE%)、进入开放臂时间的比例(OT%)明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明地黄梓醇可以明显增加大鼠的自发活动,缓解抑郁症状。处理动物后取病变脑组织,经TTC染色显示,梓醇干预组脑梗死体积比模型组明显缩小(P<0.05)。ELISA试验,与模型组比较,干预后第4天和第7天梓醇干预组血清5-HT、BDNF升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而干预后第4天、第7天梓醇干预组与模型组血清NE含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与模型组比较,梓醇干预组海马5-HT、BDNF明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而梓醇干预组与模型组海马NE含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明地黄梓醇可以提高中风后抑郁大鼠5-HT、BDNF水平,对NE改善并不明显。结论:地黄梓醇可改善中风后抑郁状态,促进神经功能恢复,调控中枢5-羟色胺能系统功能与促进BDNF分泌是其可能作用机制。     

正交试验法优选黄地安消胶囊的醇提和水提工艺研究

目的:优选黄地安消胶囊处方最优醇提和水提工艺。方法:采用正交试验法,在醇提工艺中考察乙醇浓度、加醇量、回流时间和提取次数对葛根中葛根素的含量和醇溶性浸出物的影响,在水提工艺中考察浸泡时间、加水量、提取时间和提取次数对黄连中盐酸小檗碱的含量和水溶性浸出物的影响。采用综合加权评分法进行数据分析,优选黄地安消胶囊的醇提和水取工艺。结果:最佳醇提工艺为:称取地黄、葛根两味药材,加6倍量75%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2h;最佳水提工艺为:醇提后药渣与黄连、麦冬、枇杷叶三味药材加8倍量水,浸泡0.5h,提取3次,每次2.0h。结论:所确定的提取工艺对醇提和水提的提取率高、工艺稳定可行,为黄地安消胶囊的新药开发提供了实验依据。     

泽泻配方颗粒中23-乙酰泽泻醇B的含量测定

目的调查国内6个厂家的泽泻配方颗粒中23-乙酰泽泻醇B的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定,选用Sun FireTM-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm)色谱柱,流动相以乙腈-水等梯度洗脱,流速:1.0 m L/min,检测波长为208 nm,柱温:30℃。结果 6个厂家的23-乙酰泽泻醇B分别为:0.175 6、2.074 9、0.220 1、0.438 6、0.112 5、0.190 7 mg/g。结论 6个厂家的泽泻配方颗粒中23-乙酰泽泻醇B的含量差异显著。     

归芍地黄汤联合康柏西普治疗肝肾亏虚型湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的疗效研究

目的:观察归芍地黄汤加减联合康柏西普治疗肝肾亏虚型wAMD患者的疗效及对血清TLR3表达的影响及机理.方法:将符合纳入标准的肝肾亏虚型wAMD患者随机分为归芍地黄汤加减联合康柏西普(治疗组)与单用康柏西普(对照组)各30例,41只眼.比较2组患者的BCVA、CMT、眼底出血、渗出及CNV渗漏等疗效差异及血清TLR3水平变化.结果:经治疗,2组病例BCVA均好转,CMT变薄,TLR3含量减低,眼底情况如出血、渗出均见吸收,均以治疗组患者的临床疗效提高较对照组更突出,差异有统计学意义.结论:治疗组对肝肾亏虚型wAMD的疗效更具优势;可更好地改善肝肾亏虚的wAMD患者临床表现及降低血清TLR3水平,推测归芍地黄汤加减或通过降低血清TLR3水平起到治疗wAMD的作用.     

地黄合剂对多发性硬化的作用及其作用靶点的研究

目的：观察地黄合剂对多发性硬化患者中枢神经系统中胶质细胞特异性蛋白神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和酸性钙结合蛋白表达的影响，探讨地黄合剂在多发性硬化发生发展过程中的作用。方法：用AI，9HPT对多发性硬化患者进行临床评分及分析它们之间的关系，随访3年内经过不同治疗的多发性硬化患者的复发情况，用ELISA法检测多发性硬化患者中枢神经系统中神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和酸性钙结合蛋白含量的变化。结果：在多发性硬化组中枢神经系统中神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和酸性钙结合蛋白表达明显增强，与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义，并且与多发性硬化患者的临床评分（AI，9HPT）存在相关性。激素治疗组与未治疗的多发性硬化组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），地黄合剂＋激素治疗组与激素治疗组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），同时地黄合剂＋激素治疗组对减少多发性硬化的复发次数与单一激素治疗组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：地黄合剂通过抑制胶质细胞的激活，减少多发性硬化患者中枢神经系统中神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白和酸性钙结合蛋白的表达，影响多发性硬化的发生和发展及减少多发性硬化患者复发的次数。     

紫正地黄汤加减治疗急性咽炎疗效观察

目的:观察紫正地黄汤加减治疗急性咽炎(喉痹)风热证的临床疗效。方法:将66例患者随机分为2组各33例,治疗组以紫正地黄汤加减煎服,对照组以银翘散加减煎服,疗程5d。观察2组治疗前后咽部症状及体征变化。结果:2组在咽部症状、体征及总体疗效上无明显差异(P&gt;0.05)。结论:紫正地黄汤加减治疗急性咽炎具有与银翘散相同的良好疗效。     

凉血地黄汤加减配合马应龙痔疮栓治疗混合痔83例

目的:观察凉血地黄汤加减配合马应龙痔疮栓(膏)治疗混合痔的疗效。方法:将我院2015年6月~2016年6月收治的162例混合痔患者随机分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组83例采用凉血地黄汤加减配合马应龙痔疮栓治疗,对照组79例则予以太宁栓治疗。观察比较两组临床疗效。结果:治疗组总有效率92.8%,对照组总有效率68.4%,两组比较差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论:凉血地黄汤加减配合马应龙麝香痔疮栓治疗混合痔疗效显著,值得临床推广并运用。     

二至地黄汤加减配合屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗排卵期功能失调性子宫出血临床研究

目的:探讨二至地黄汤加减配合屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗排卵期功能失调性子宫出血(DUB)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取2013年9月~2016年5月我院收治的104例排卵期DUB患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各52例。对照组给予屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上辅以二至地黄汤加减治疗。结果:观察组治疗总有效率98.08%显著高于对照组84.62%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率5.77%与对照组7.69%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:二至地黄汤加减联合屈螺酮炔雌醇片治疗排卵期DUB,临床效果显著,安全性高。     

Peach allergen Pru p 1 content is generally low in fruit but with large variation in different varieties

BackgroundPru p 1 is a major allergen in peach and nectarine, and the different content in varieties may affect the degree of allergic reactions. This study aimed to quantify Pru p 1 levels in representative peach varieties and select hypoallergenic Pru p 1 varieties.MethodsTo obtain monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, mice and rabbits, respectively, were immunized with recombinant Pru p 1.01 and Pru p 1.02. The Pru p 1 levels in fruits from 83 representative peach varieties was quantified by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA). nPru p 1 was obtained through specific monoclonal antibody affinity purification and confirmed by Western blot and mass spectrometry. The variable Pru p 1 content of selected varieties was evaluated by Western blot and the expression level of encoding Pru p 1 genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA sELISA method with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies was built for quantifying Pru p 1 levels in peach. Pru p 1 was mainly concentrated in the peel (0.20–73.44 μg/g, fresh weight), being very low in the pulp (0.05–9.62 μg/g) and not detected in wild peach. For the 78 peach and nectarine varieties, Pru p 1 content varied widely from 0.12 to 6.45 μg/g in whole fruit. We verified that natural Pru p 1 is composed of 1.01 and 1.02 isoallergens, and the Pru p 1 expression level and Pru p 1 band intensity in the immunoblots were in agreement with protein quantity determined by ELISA for some tested varieties. In some cases, the reduced levels of Pru p 1 did not coincide with low Pru p 3 in the same variety in whole fruit, while some ancient wild peach and nectarines contained low levels of both allergens, and late‐ripening yellow flesh varieties were usually highly allergenic.ConclusionPru p 1 content is generally low in peach compared to Pru p 3. Several hypoallergenic Pru p 1 and Pru p 3 varieties, “Zi Xue Tao,” “Wu Yue Xian,” and “May Fire,” were identified, which could be useful in trials for peach allergy patients.     

Traceability of genetically modified organisms

EU regulations stipulate the labeling of food products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) unless the GMO content is due to adventitious and unintended 'contamination' and not exceeding the 1% level at ingredient basis. In addition, member states have to ensure full traceability at all stages of the placing on the market of GMOs. Both requirements ensure consumers 'right to know', facilitate enforcement of regulatory requirements and are of importance for environmental monitoring and postmarket surveillance. Besides administrative procedures, such as used in quality certification systems, the significance of adequate molecular methods becomes more and more apparent. During the last decade a considerable number of molecular methods have been developed and validated that enable the detection, identification and quantification of GMO impurities. Most of them rely on the PCR technology and can only detect one specific stretch of DNA. It can, however, be anticipated that in the near future the situation will become more complex. The number of GMO varieties, including 'stacked-gene' varieties, which will enter the European Market will increase and it is likely that these varieties will harbor more variable constructs. New tools will be necessary to keep up with these developments. One of the most promising techniques is microarray analysis. This technique enables the screening for a large number of different GMOs within a single experiment.     

Alpha 1-protease inhibitor: characteristics of its biochemical and biological properties and its level in various diseases (review of the literature and personal observations)

The authors review biological and biochemical properties and the clinical importance of the serum proteases alpha 1-inhibitor with broad-range antiproteolytic activity. Congenital deficiency of this protein is a frequent enough condition linked with predisposition to some diseases of the lungs and liver. Early determination of the deficiency of alpha 1-Pi is fairly urgent, since it permits the early administration of the preventive measures and substitution therapy. The immunochemical technique makes it possible to determine all the varieties of alpha 1-Pi, as they are antigenically similar. Sera from 267 patients with different diseases were examined. The content of alpha 1-Pi was found to be elevated in Waldenstr?m's macroglobulinemia, chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and to be lowered in bronchial asthma. In multiple myeloma and pollinoses, no alterations in the alpha 1-Pi content were recorded.     

次氯酸钠溶液理化指标的分析

目的了解次氯酸钠消毒剂理化性质,分析其中金属离子种类和含量。方法采用化学分析法和仪器分析法进行了实验室观察。结果次氯酸钠消毒剂溶液中有效氯含量视不同产品和出厂不同时间波动在36.4~115.8g/L之间,游离碱含量有超标现象,铁、铅、砷含量基本在国家标准规定范围。次氯酸钠原液有效氯含量合格率为92%,游离碱含量超标率为25%;金属离子均未超标。次氯酸钠有效氯与游离碱含量的高低无明显相关性,但次氯酸钠溶液pH值和游离碱含量之间具有正相关关系。次氯酸钠消毒液在室温下自然存放9个月后有效氯含量下降率为15.5%~48.5%,但游离碱含量变化不大。结论市售次氯酸钠消毒液有效氯含量存在不合格现象,游离碱含量超标明显,但有害金属离子均不超标。     

Isolation,semi-synthesis,docking-based prediction,and bioassay-based activity of Dolichandrone spathacea iridoids: new catalpol derivatives as glucosidase inhibitors

Dolichandrone spathacea iridoids are promising anti-diabetic inhibitors towards α-glucosidase protein (PDB-3W37) and oligo-1,6-glucosidase protein (PDB-3AJ7). Five catalpol iridoids (1, 2, 10, 13, 14) were isolated from mangrove plant D. spathacea, and their derivatives (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15) were obtained from reduction, acetylation, O-alkylation, acetonisation, or hydrolysation starting from naturally isolated compounds. They were identified by spectral methods such as IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. Their glucosidase-related (3W37 and 3AJ7) inhibitability and physiological compatibility were predicted by molecular docking simulation and prescreened based on Lipinski''s rule of five. Experimental α-glucosidase inhibition of 1–15 was evaluated using enzyme assays. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 are new iridoid derivatives, introduced to the literature for the first time, while all fifteen compounds 1–15 are studied for molecular docking for the first time. Regarding protein 3W37, the five strongest predicted inhibitors assemble in the order 2 > 10 > 1 > 9 > 14. In respect to 3AJ7, the corresponding order is 14 > 2 > 10 > 5 > 1 = 9. Lipinski''s criteria suggest 10 as the candidate with the most potential for oral administration. The in vitro bioassay revealed that compound 10 is the most effective inhibitor with a respective IC₅₀ value of 0.05 μM, in the order 10 > 2 > 14 > 13 > 1. The computational and experimental results show good consistency. The study opens an alternative approach for diabetes treatment based on inhibitability of natural and semi-synthesised catalpol iridoid derivatives towards carbohydrate-hydrolases.

Dolichandrone spathacea catalpol derivatives as glucosidase inhibitors: in silico and in vitro research.     

Identification of Variety Diagnostic Molecular Marker of High Yielding Rice Varieties

Twenty eight inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to determine the genotypic identification and phylogenetic relationship within 48 varieties of Indica rice including four aromatic rice grown in eastern part of India. Out of 44 upland and low land varieties, 39 varieties released by the Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Orissa and five released by the other National Institutes of India. A total of 28 ISSR primers were screened representing di- and tri- nucleotide repeats, out of which 12 ISSR markers were selected for varietal analysis as diagnostic markers. The number of bands per locus ranged from 4 to 8, with an average of 6. The results revealed that all the primers showed distinct polymorphism among the varieties indicating the robust nature of ISSR markers. Most of the primers showed highest polymorphic information content and resolving power. The cluster analysis indicates that all the rice genotypes are grouped into two classes in which aromatic rice varieties clustered separately from upland and lowland varieties. Principal component analysis showed the distinct differences among themselves. Based on this study, the larger range of similarity values using ISSR markers provides greater confidence for the assessment of genetic relationships among the varieties. The information obtained from the DNA profile helps to identify the variety diagnostic markers in 48 rice genotypes. This outcome of the investigation can be used in background selections during backcross breeding programs.     

Application of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging to identify a variety of silage maize seeds and common maize seeds

Common maize seeds and silage maize seeds are similar in appearance and are difficult to identify with the naked eye. Four varieties of common maize seeds and four varieties of silage maize seeds were identified by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) combined with chemometrics. The pixel-wise principal component analysis was used to distinguish the differences among different varieties of maize seeds. The object-wise spectra of each single seed sample were extracted to build classification models. Support vector machine (SVM) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) classification models were established using two different classification strategies. First, the maize seeds were directly classified into eight varieties with the prediction accuracy of the SVM model and RBFNN model over 86%. Second, the seeds of silage maize and common maize were firstly classified with the classification accuracy over 88%, then the seeds were classified into four varieties, respectively. The classification accuracy of silage maize seeds was over 98%, and the classification accuracy of common maize seeds was over 97%. The results showed that the varieties of common maize seeds and silage maize seeds could be classified by NIR-HSI combined with chemometrics, which provided an effective means to ensure the purity of maize seeds, especially to isolate common seeds and silage seeds.

NIR-HSI and chemometrics were used to identify different varieties of common and silage maize seeds.     

中国人民解放军兰州军区临潼疗养院温泉水质主要理化性质季节变化情况

目的 探讨温泉主要理化性质季节变化情况。方法 一年时间内不同季节对温泉主要理化性质分别进行检测。结果 一年时间内不同季节温泉主要理化性质略有不同。结论 温泉主要理化性质，一年时间内不同季节略有变化，但温泉类型比较稳定。不同温泉的变化规律是不完全相同的。     

23例头孢类抗菌药物皮试阳性分析与思考

目的考察9个品种21个规格的头孢类抗菌药物注射剂临床皮试结果,探讨头孢类抗菌药物的皮试方法。方法以500μg/ml为皮试液的浓度,采取用药前以头孢类抗菌药物原药液对247例患者进行皮试,观察皮试结果和用药后的不良反应情况。结果9个品种21个规格的头孢类抗菌药物注射剂经247例临床皮试观察,头孢呋辛钠等8个品种的16个规格有皮试阳性病例,总阳性率为9.31%。不同品种、不同规格的头孢类抗菌药物皮试阳性率存在差异,皮试为阴性的患者用药后基本未发生药物不良反应。结论头孢类抗菌药物皮试阳性率不容忽视,呼吁国家有关部门应尽快制定头孢类抗菌药物的皮试标准,目前情况下拟采用浓度为500μg/ml原药液皮试。