Wolfram 综合征I型基因异质性突变引起低频非综合征型聋

目的分析常染色体显性遗传的低频非综合征感音神经性聋与Wolfram 综合征Ⅰ型(wolfram syndrome 1, WFS1)基因WFS1的关系以及WFS1基因突变特性,从分子遗传学水平探讨其致病机理.方法收集 6个低频非综合征感音神经性聋家系中28例成员以及140例健康对照个体的外周血DNA样本;采用聚合酶链反应,直接序列分析和限制性片断长度多态性分析方法,进行WFS1基因编码区的筛查.结果发现2个家系6例耳聋成员测序结果异常.1个家系发现所有耳聋患者WFS1基因的编码区2379位碱基G杂合性改变成A,导致错义突变;另1家系先证者WFS1基因的编码区2016位碱基G杂合性改变成T,先证者之妹2776位碱基G杂合性改变成A,导致错义突变;先证者之母为一Wolfram综合征伴有心理障碍患者,发现其为2016位2776位碱基复合型错义突变.这2个家系听力正常者及健康对照者中无此突变.结论 WFS1基因异质性突变引起低频非综合征感音神经性聋,主要突变为错义突变,遗传咨询和基因检测对该类型耳聋诊治具有指导意义.     

一个新定位的非综合征型低频感音神经性听力下降家系WHRN基因突变分析

目的 对一个新定位的非综合征型低频感音神经性听力下降家系位点区域内的WHRN基因进行突变检测,分析WHRN基因突变与该家系表型的关系.方法 针对WHRN基因的全部编码序列设计11对引物,进行WHRN基因的PCR扩增,对PCR产物进行双向直接测序,检测WHRN基因突变.结果 在WHRN基因的12个外显子中,检测到位于第6和第10个外显子上的3种序列改变方式,均为杂合性突变,这3种突变未与耳聋表型相分离.结论 这个新定位的非综合征型低频感音神经性听力下降家系耳聋表型不是由WHRN基因编码区的突变所致.     

CX26基因在非综合征型耳聋中的产前诊断及早期干预

目的：对非综合征型耳聋家系进行CX26基因的突变检测,对检测出CX26基因突变的家系进行产前诊断并实施早期干预。方法：对来自国内十多个省份的100个非综合征型耳聋家系中的先证者通过聚合酶链反应、单链构像多态性分析以及直接测序法进行CX26基因的突变检测,对确诊为CX26基因所致的遗传性耳聋家系中的一成员在妊娠时通过脐静脉穿刺术抽取脐胎血进行产前诊断及早期干预。结果：①发现CX26基因的致病性突变1种：cDNA编码区233～235位点c的纯合缺失;多态6种：G79A、G109A、A341G、G442A、G506A和T608C;②对一个确诊为CX26基因233~235delC的遗传性聋家系的成员于第2次妊娠时进行产前诊断,发现胎儿具有同种致病性突变。结论：①CX26基因cDNA编码区233～235位点C的杂合缺失不致聋,纯合缺失可导致非综合征型常染色体隐性遗传性聋;②产前诊断和早期干预可预防遗传性聋。这是我国首次确诊携带耳聋致病基因的胎儿并实施早期干预。     

非综合征性耳聋患者连接蛋白26基因突变的研究

目的　探讨中国人非综合征性耳聋患者连接蛋白 2 6 (connexin 2 6 ,Cx2 6 )基因突变频率和特性。方法　收集中国散发先天性聋哑儿童 16例 ,常染色体隐性遗传性聋 39例 (39个家系 ) ,10岁前开始听力下降的常染色体显性遗传性聋 30例 (30个家系 )和健康对照组 10 0例。聚合酶链反应 单链构象多态 (singlestrandconformationalpolymorphismanalysisofpolymerasechainreaction ,PCR SSCP)分析初筛可疑突变者 ,SSCP分析发现异常构象带后再行DNA测序。结果　健康对照组中 15例发现 5种多态性改变 ,耳聋患者中 10例发现 6种多态性改变。散发先天性聋哑和常染色体隐性遗传非综合征性耳聋中未发现致病突变。 1个常染色体显性遗传性聋家系发现所有患者 (3例 )Cx2 6基因的编码区2 99 30 0位碱基AT杂合性缺失 ,导致移码突变 ,翻译的蛋白质截短 ,该家系听力正常者无此突变。结论　蒙古人种中常染色体隐性遗传性非综合征性耳聋的Cx2 6基因突变率可能低于其他人种。Cx2 6基因编码区 2 99 30 0位碱基AT杂合性缺失可致常染色体显性遗传性聋DFNA3型     

耳聋-掌跖皮肤角化综合征的连接蛋白基因型和表型分析

目的GJB2、GJB6、GJB3基因与遗传性耳聋及角化病有关，以GJB2、GJB6、GJB3基因为候选基因，研究1例伴有掌跖角化病的综合征型耳聋先证者的分子病因，探讨其表型及遗传特征。方法 采集先证者及其父母外周血并提取DNA，对GJB2、GJB6、GJB3基因编码区进行PCR扩增，以直接测序的方法进行突变分析。结果 先证者及其父母GJB3、GJB6基因测序未发现突变。先证者携带GJB2基因R75W单等位基因突变，其父母未携带此突变，在证实先证者与其父亲的亲子关系后明确先证者携带的R75W为新生突变。301名中国正常对照中未发现GJB2基因R75W突变。结论 在中国首次发现了GJB2基因新生突变R75W，此突变可能以显性方式遗传，导致耳聋-掌跖皮肤角化综合征。在不同种族R75W导致的耳聋多为双侧重度到极重度感音神经性聋。而皮肤表型的严重程度有所不同。     

新的基因复合杂合模式导致的综合征型耳聋家系研究北大核心CSCD

目的采用高通量测序技术,对一个综合征型耳聋家系的致病基因及突变进行探究。方法2018年6月至2020年7月,郑州大学第一附属医院耳科联合郑州大学相关机构对该家系进行了研究。该家系来自河南省濮阳市,2代4人,详细询问病史及家族史,绘制家系图。先证者及其妹患有先天性耳聋,其父母表型正常。对该家系进行临床表型分析,包括影像学、听力检查(包括纯音测听、声导抗、脑干诱发电位、耳声发射)、前庭功能检查及眼科检查(包括视力、视野、眼底检查、视觉诱发电位及视网膜电图)。靶向捕获129个耳聋相关基因的编码区域,采用高通量测序方法检测,并进行生物信息学分析,筛选疑似致病突变,使用Sanger测序和minigene试验进行验证。结果该家系共2代4人,其中第二代2人(即2例患儿)均患有双耳重度感音神经性聋,伴有双眼视力下降、夜盲症、周边视野敏感度下降及部分视野缺损,前庭功能正常。2例患儿均携带CDH23(NM022124.5)、c.6049G>A(p.Gly2017Ser)、c.9856C>G(p.His3286Asp)及c.8699A>G(p.Asp2900Gly),其中c.6049G>A及c.9856C>G遗传自表型正常的父亲,c.8699A>G遗传自表型正常的母亲。错义突变c.9856C>G及c.8699A>G在gnomAD数据库中未收录。错义突变c.6049G>A位于第46号外显子的最后一个碱基位置,生物信息学软件预测其可能影响剪切,minigene试验表明,该突变位点会造成第46号外显子的跳跃,导致其所表达的蛋白功能异常。通过文献检索,并根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会遗传突变分类标准与指南,将c.6049G>A及c.8699A>G归类为致病/可能致病突变,c.9856C>G归类为临床意义未明突变。结论该病例是由CDH23剪切变异与错义变异复合杂合导致的Usher综合征1D型(USH1D),CDH23的这种复合杂合形式会导致USH1D。     

国人非综合征型遗传性聋患者GJB3基因突变分析

目的研究GJB3基因[编码缝隙连接蛋白31(Cx31)]突变在国人耳聋患者中的特征。方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)产物直接测序方法对各种感音神经性聋患者及家属141名、对照组150名进行GJB3基因编码区突变检测及鉴定。结果在141名患者中发现GJB3基因的三种单核苷酸改变，其中有两种碱基变化导致了氨基酸的改变，为错义突变方式。其中一个突变(547G→A)与夏家辉等报道相同；另一个突变形式(250G→A)为本研究首次发现。且进一步的各物种多种连接蛋白氨基酸序列进化分析证实该突变位点位于Cx31高度保守的第二跨膜区。150名正常对照组中未发现同样突变。结论国人非综合征型遗传性聋者GJB3基因突变筛查研究发现了一个GJB3基因新的突变形式(250G→A)，为进一步开展耳聋相关基因的筛查研究打下了基础。     

中国常染色体显性遗传非综合征型耳聋人群缝隙连接蛋白31基因突变分析

目的研究缝隙连接蛋白31编码基因(GJB3)突变在中国常染色体显性遗传非综合征型耳聋(autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss,DFNA)人群中的特征,了解中国DFNA家系GJB3基因突变发生率及突变谱。方法应用聚合酶链反应产物直接测序方法对31个中国DFNA家系先症者进行GJB3基因编码区突变检测及鉴定。结果在31例先症者中发现已报道的GJB3基因的两种单核苷酸改变,其中,4例存在357C>T杂合碱基改变,1例存在357C>T纯合碱基改变;357C>T碱基改变没有引起氨基酸变化;1例受检者存在250G>A杂合碱基改变,250G>A引起GJB3 84位编码氨基酸缬氨酸变成异亮氨酸(V841)。结论在中国DFNA人群中,没有发现GJB3基因新的突变形式,初步结果提示,GJB3基因突变在中国DFNA耳聋群体中不常见。     

一个常染色体显性遗传非综合征型聋家系的听力学及遗传学特征分析

目的 分析一个常染色体显性遗传非综合征型聋家系的听力学和遗传学特征.方法 对收集到的一个常染色体显性遗传非综合征型聋家系成员进行家系调查、听力学检测和全身体格检查,绘制家系图谱,整理、分析家系成员的听力学和遗传学特征;提取外周血DNA,对已知常见耳聋基因GJB2、GJB3、COCH、EYA4以及线粒体DNA全序列进行筛查.结果 该家系由5代53名成员组成,现存4代42人,耳聋患者11人;耳聋表型连续遗传,男女均可患病,符合常染色体显性遗传规律,均表现为对称性语后感音神经性聋(12～36岁之间发病),起初为高频听力下降,随着年龄的增长,逐渐累及中低频听力.已知常见致聋基因全编码序列突变检测分析无阳性发现.结论 该常染色体显性遗传非综合征型聋家系中耳聋者表现为对称性、迟发性、进行性、高频下降为主的语后感音神经性聋.     

隐性遗传性聋4家系听力学调查分析

目的分析无综合征性隐性遗传性耳聋4个家系的听力学特点及遗传特征.方法 对4个家系进行相关资料调查和听力学检查分析.纯音测听62例,耳聋25例.对先证者4例行双侧声导抗、ABR测试.结果D、G家系学语前聋,表现为聋哑症.E、F家系学语后聋,多表现为对称性、进行性听力下降.E家系耳聋始于8岁以后,F家系耳聋最早始于5岁,最晚始于22岁.首先是高频区受损,以后向中、低频扩展.F家系Ⅳ5因突发性耳聋导致全聋.听力学测试支持耳蜗性感音性听力损失.4个家系男女均有发病,表型正常的双亲,后代可有耳聋,耳聋患者可有正常后代.D、G家系可见隔代遗传.全身检查未见其它部位畸形.结论4个家系为无综合征的单基因常染色体隐性遗传性感音神经性听力损失,经GJB2、GJB3、GJB6、线粒体耳聋基因筛查,F、G家系与GJB2基因突变相连锁.     

A novel TECTA mutation confirms the recognizable phenotype among autosomal recessive hearing impairment families

Mutations in the TECTA gene result in sensorineural non-syndromic hearing impairment. TECTA-related deafness can be inherited autosomal dominantly (designated as DFNA8/12) or autosomal recessively (as DFNB21). The alpha-tectorin protein, which is encoded by the TECTA gene, is one of the major components of the tectorial membrane in the inner ear. Six mutations in the TECTA gene have already been reported in families segregating autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment. In this study, seventy-five Iranian families segregating autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment were analyzed for homozygosity at the DFNB21 locus by genotyping two short tandem repeat markers closely linked to the TECTA gene. Allelic segregation consistent with possible linkage to the DFNB21 locus was found in 1/75 families studied. By sequencing all 23 coding exons of TECTA, a 16bp deletion (c.6203-6218del16) in exon 21, leading to a frameshift, segregating with the hearing loss was found. All 3 affected individuals of this family have moderate-to-severe hearing loss across all frequencies, which is more pronounced in the mid frequencies. This new mutation, as well as the six previously reported mutations in the TECTA gene, is inactivating. All of these mutations lead to an easily recognized audiometric profile of moderate to severe hearing impairment as presented by the family in this study too. The TECTA autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness phenotype differs from the typical profound deafness phenotype that is seen in most families segregating autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness. On the basis of the recognizable phenotype, we recommend mutation screening of TECTA in families with this hearing phenotype.     

Progression of low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (DFNA6/14-WFS1)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the audiometric profile and speech recognition characteristics in affected members of 2 families with DFNA6/14 harboring heterozygous mutations in the WFS1 gene that cause an autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment trait. DESIGN: Family study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center.Patients Thirteen patients from 2 recently identified Dutch families with DFNA6/14 (Dutch III and IV). METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of pure-tone thresholds at octave frequencies of 0.25 to 8 kHz were performed, and speech phoneme recognition scores were assessed. Progression was evaluated by linear regression analysis with and without correction for presbycusis. RESULTS: All individuals showed low-frequency hearing impairment. The 2-kHz frequency was more affected in the Dutch III family than in the Dutch IV family. Progressive hearing loss beyond presbycusis was found in the Dutch IV family and in 3 individuals in the Dutch III family. Annual threshold deterioration was between 0.6 and 1 dB per year at all frequencies. The speech recognition scores in the Dutch III family showed significantly more deterioration at increasing levels of hearing impairment compared with those in the Dutch IV family. CONCLUSION: Both families showed an autosomal dominant, progressive, low-frequency sensorineural hearing impairment caused by heterozygous WFS1 mutations.     

Mutations in the Wolfram syndrome type 1 gene (WFS1) define a clinical entity of dominant low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss

OBJECTIVE: To describe low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (LFSNHL) inherited as a dominant trait in 3 families and in 1 sporadic case. DESIGN: Longitudinal clinical study from 1968 to 2001. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital; field studies conducted by molecular genetic research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Dominant LFSNHL families. INTERVENTIONS: Questionnaires, serial audiograms, and interviews, correlated with molecular genetic data. OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms, age of onset, serial audiometric data, and hearing aid use. RESULTS: Low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss is typically diagnosed in the first decade and slowly progresses over decades; LFSNHL is often asymptomatic in young patients, few of whom use hearing aids. Speech perception becomes affected in later decades when patients develop high-frequency loss. Even children with a strong family history of dominant LFSNHL were not monitored routinely. Penetrance appears complete in that all individuals with a genetic mutation developed hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Dominant LFSNHL is most commonly caused by mutations in the Wolfram syndrome type 1 gene (WFS1). Mutations in WFS1 also cause a rare recessive syndromic form of hearing loss known as Wolfram syndrome or DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness). Routine newborn hearing screening methods will not typically identify hearing loss affecting frequencies below 2000 Hz; thus, children at risk must be specifically monitored. Genetic counseling and genetic testing may be useful in the management of patients with this type of hearing loss.     

Sex-related hearing impairment in Wolfram syndrome patients identified by inactivating WFS1 mutations

This study examined the audiovestibular profile of 11 Wolfram syndrome patients (4 males, 7 females) from 7 families, with identified WFS1 mutations, and the audiometric profile of 17 related heterozygous carriers of WFS1 mutations. Patients with Wolfram syndrome showed a downsloping audiogram and progressive hearing impairment. None of the carriers had sensorineural hearing loss. Two patients with missense (non-inactivating) mutations in WFS1 had normal hearing and mild symptoms of Wolfram syndrome and were excluded from the analyses. Of the identified patients with inactivating WFS1 mutations, 5 female patients were significantly more hearing impaired than four male patients (p < 0.05). Female patients showed hearing impairment progressing by 1.5-2.0 dB HL per year for the low frequencies and 4.0-4.5 dB HL per year for the mid and high frequencies. The age of onset (90% phoneme recognition score) was 21 years and the onset level 78 dB HL. The deterioration rate was 4.0% per year and the deterioration gradient 1.4% per dB HL. One of the 6 examined patients had vestibular areflexia.     

Mutation analysis of COL9A3, a gene highly expressed in the cochlea, in hearing loss patients

cDNA microarray analysis indicated that COL9A3 is one of the highly expressed genes in the cochlea. This suggests that collagen type IX has a crucial functional role in the inner ear and may be a candidate gene for hearing loss. Mutation analysis was carried out to find possible disease-causing mutations in this gene. The direct-sequencing method was applied to the COL9A3 gene in 159 non-syndromic sensorineural deafness patients and 150 normal controls. Two possible disease-causing mutations were identified: an in-frame deletion of three amino acid residues (G181-P183 del) and a missense mutation (D617E). The patients with the mutations showed a moderate progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment in all frequencies. The present data indicate that mutations of COL9A3 may cause non-syndromic hearing impairment.     

中国西北地区线粒体DNA12SrRNAA1555G和GJB2基因突变

目的研究mtDNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变和GJB2突变在西北地区非综合征型感音神经性聋患者中的流行情况,探讨GJB2基因与mtDNA A1555G点突变的关系。方法收集本地区221例非综合征感音神经性聋患者的基因组DNA,多聚酶链反应扩增线粒体DNA和GJB2基因目的片断,Alw26Ⅰ限制性内切酶检测A1555G点突变,对酶切阳性病例和全部的GJB2基因的PCR产物进行DNA测序。结果21例患者检出mtDNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变;发现GJB2基因11种序列改变,有44例患者检出GJB2致病突变,235delC占携带致病突变患者的54．54％：在21例A1555G突变患者中,11例为GJB2基因多态改变,9例未检出GJB2基因序列改变,1例为109G→A（V371）突变。结论mDNA 12SrRNA A1555G在这一地区人群中有较高的发生频率．235delC是本地区GJB2基因突变的主要形式,GJB2基因突变不是mtDNA A1555G突变致聋的主要修饰因素。     

不同听力学表型人群中常见耳聋基因突变检出率的分析

目的:分析中国常见耳聋基因突变在不同听力表型人群中的突变阳性检出率,为指导临床医生更有效率的应用耳聋基因诊断提供依据.方法:具有听力学资料的1448例先证者接受了一项或多项常见耳聋基因检测,包括GJB2编码区测序、SLC26A4编码区测序以及mtDNA C1494T/A1555G突变基因芯片检测.其中,双耳感音神经性聋...     

A study of GJB2 and delGJB6-D13S1830 mutations in Brazilian non-syndromic deaf children from the Amazon region

Hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1000 newborns. Mutations in the connexin 26 (GJB2) gene rank among the most frequent causes of non-syndromic deafness in different populations, while delGJB6-D13S1830 mutation located in the DFNB30 locus is known to cause sensorineural hearing loss. Despite the many studies on the involvement of GJB2 mutations in hearing impairment in different populations, there is little information on genetic deafness in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of GJB2 mutations and delGJB6-D13S1830 in 77 sporadic non-syndromic deaf patients.MethodThe coding region of the GJB2 gene was sequenced and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the delGJB6-D13S1830 mutation.ResultsMutant allele 35delG was found in 9% of the patients (7/77). Mutations M34T and V95M were detected in two distinct heterozygous patients. Non-pathogenic mutation V27I was detected in 28.6% of the patients (22/77). None of the deaf patients carried the delGJB6-D13S1830 mutation.ConclusionMutant alleles on gene GJB2 were observed in 40% (31/77) of the subjects in the sample. Pathogenic variants were detected in only 12% (9/77) of the individuals. More studies are required to elucidate the genetic causes of hearing loss in miscegenated populations.     

GJB2 c.−23+1G&gt;A mutation is second most common mutation among Iranian individuals with autosomal recessive hearing loss

GJB2 mutation analysis is used routinely as a first step in genetic testing for autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Although most GJB2 mutations can be detected by sequencing of the exon 2 of this gene, a prevalent splice mutation, c.?23+1G>A (IVS1+1G>A), is not usually included in the analyzed region. In this study, we have developed an ARMS-PCR strategy for detection of this mutation among Iranian deaf individuals. A total of 418 Iranian individuals with hearing loss consistent with autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss based on audiological test result, medical history, physical examination and pedigree of the family, were included in this study. c.35delG and c.?23+1G>A mutations were detected by using ARMS-PCR. Direct sequencing of the exon 2 of the GJB2 gene was performed for mutation analysis of the coding region of this gene. Among 418 investigated cases, a total of 81 patients (~19.4 %) with biallelic pathogenic mutations in the GJB2 gene and 13 cases with only one pathogenic mutant allele were identified. The total allele frequencies of the two most frequent mutations, c.35delG and c.?23+1G>A, among mutated alleles were found to be around 59 and 15.7 %, respectively. High frequency of the c.35delG and c.?23+1G>A mutations among Iranian deaf individuals shows the importance of developing rapid and cost-effective methods for primary mutation screening methods before performing direct sequencing.     

The novel c.247_249delTTC (p.F83del) GJB2 mutation in a family with prelingual sensorineural deafness

Non-syndromic hearing loss is one of the most common hereditary determined diseases in human, and the disease is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Mutations in the GJB2 gene, encoding connexin 26 (Cx26), are a major cause of non-syndromic recessive hearing impairment in many countries and are largely dependent on ethnic groups. Due to the high frequency of the c.35delG GJB2 mutation in the Greek population, we have previously suggested that Greek patients with sensorineural, non-syndromic deafness should be tested for the c.35delG mutation and the coding region of the GJB2 gene should be sequenced in c.35delG heterozygotes. Here we present on the clinical and molecular genetic evaluation of a family suffering from prelingual, sensorineural, non-syndromic deafness. A novel c.247_249delTTC (p.F83del) GJB2 mutation was detected in compound heterozygosity with the c.35delG GJB2 mutation in the proband and was later confirmed in the father, while the mother was homozygous for the c.35delG GJB2 mutation. We conclude that compound heterozygosity of the novel c.247_249delTTC (p.F83del) and the c.35delG mutations in the GJB2 gene was the cause of deafness in the proband and his father.