高尿酸血症与急性主动脉夹层院内病死率的相关性分析

目的：探讨高尿酸血症对急性主动脉夹层患者院内病死率的影响。方法：收集急性主动脉夹层的住院患者1492例,记录终点为发生院内死亡或出院。采用Kaplan-Meier 方法计算生存率,使用单因素及多因素COX回归分析影响急性主动脉夹层患者院内病死率的危险因素。结果：正常尿酸组和高尿酸血症组急性主动脉夹层患者院内病死率分别为8.9%、21.9%。多因素COX 回归分析显示高尿酸血症是急性主动脉夹层患者院内病死率升高的独立危险因素。结论：合并高尿酸血症的急性主动脉夹层患者院内病死率可达21.9%,高尿酸血症是影响急性主动脉夹层患者院内病死率的独立危险因素。     

急性主动脉夹层患者院内死亡的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性主动脉夹层(AAD)患者院内死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年8月我院收治的50例AAD患者的临床资料,根据预后将患者分为存活组(40例)与死亡组(10例),比较两组患者的年龄、血压、神经系统症状、缺血性并发症、急性肾损伤等情况,对AAD患者院内死亡的危险因素进行多因素Logistic分析。结果死亡患者年龄≥65岁、发生低血压、出现急性肾损伤、发生缺血性并发症、出现神经系统症状、出现A型夹层的比例显著高于存活患者、手术治疗的比例显著低于存活患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁、出现低血压、神经系统症状、缺血性并发症、急性肾损伤、A型夹层是AAD患者院内死亡的独立危险因素,而手术治疗为保护因素。结论年龄≥65岁、出现低血压、神经系统症状、缺血性并发症、急性肾损伤、A型夹层是AAD患者院内死亡的独立危险因素,而手术治疗为保护因素。在临床实践中可参考上述因素对患者病情进行评估,并根据患者的具体情况选择合适的方式积极进行治疗。     

急性脑卒中院内死亡相关因素的临床分析

目的分析急性脑卒中院内死亡的相关因素。方法回顾性选取2013—2016年南京医科大学附属南京医院(南京市第一医院)收治的因急性脑卒中就诊的患者1 100例,脑出血570例,脑梗死460例,蛛网膜下腔出血70例。观察患者的死亡情况,并分析死亡的影响因素。结果 1 100例急性脑卒中患者中49例(3.7%)死亡,其中脑出血后死亡17例,脑梗死发生后死亡21例,蛛网膜下腔出血后死亡11例。年龄、性别、入院时间、血压、并发症、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白可能是急性脑卒中患者死亡的影响因素(P0.05)。结论临床医师应该知晓急性脑卒中患者医院内死亡的相关因素,同时提高其重视的程度,必要条件下让患者进入重症监护病房进行医治,以此降低患者的病死率,同时减少医患矛盾的发生率。     

脑卒中急性期院内感染的临床分析

目的 分析脑卒中急性期院内感染的危险因素.方法 对农九师医院1998年1月～2005年12月住院的516例急性脑卒中患者进行院内感染的相关临床分析.结果 516例患者发生院内感染者62例,感染率12.02%,感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占57.58%.泌尿系统次之为42.42%,其中61.36%的院内感染者发生在入院2周内.结论 脑卒中急性期院内感染的发生与患者的年龄、意识障碍、侵袭性操作、以及抗菌素的应用有关.     

合并缺血性脑卒中老年急性心肌梗死患者院内不良事件分析

目的探讨合并缺血性脑卒中老年急性心肌梗死患者临床特点及导致院内不良事件的独立危险因素。方法选择2010年1月~2017年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科监护室收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者519例,根据既往是否合并缺血性脑卒中史分为脑卒中组105例,对照组414例,分析临床特点和院内不良事件,采用多元logistic回归分析2组发生院内不良事件的主要独立危险因素。结果与对照组比较,脑卒中组年龄、高血压和糖尿病比例明显升高,收缩压、LVEF水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。脑卒中组院内死亡、心源性休克、恶性心律失常、多器官功能衰竭比例明显高于对照组(8.6%vs 2.4%,15.2%vs 7.7%,8.6%vs 3.1%,18.1%vs 5.6%,P0.05,P0.01)。脑卒中组接受主动脉内球囊反搏、机械通气、持续性肾脏替代治疗比例明显高于对照组(P0.01)。logistic回归分析发现,缺血性脑卒中、高血压、糖尿病、心功能Killip分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、年龄≥65岁、LVEF≤50%、收缩压≤90mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)是合并缺血性脑卒中急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者发生院内不良事件的独立危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论合并有缺血性脑卒中老年急性心肌梗死患者院内不良事件发生率高。     

B型急性主动脉夹层院内死亡相关危险因素分析

目的：研究B型急性主动脉夹层(acute aortic dissection,AAD)患者住院期间死亡的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月收治的188例B型急性主动脉夹层患者的住院病例资料。根据住院期间是否发生死亡,分为死亡组与存活组,对部分相关因素进行分析。结果：188例B型主动脉夹层患者,死亡17例(病死率10%)。两组单因素分析提示低血压、肾功能不全及缺血并发症是住院期间死亡的高危因素,中性粒细胞百分数、D二聚体升高有统计学意义。多因素Logistic分析提示肾功能不全、低血压、中性粒细胞百分数升高为患者院内死亡的独立危险因素,手术为保护因素。结论：伴有低血压、肾功能不全、中性粒细胞百分数升高的B型AAD患者住院期间病死率高,在内科治疗基础上手术治疗有助于降低B型AAD患者的病死率。     

老年脑卒中患者相关性肺炎危险因素及临床特点分析

目的探讨老年重症脑卒中患者脑卒中相关性肺炎的发生率及危险因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月入住北京安贞医院神经内科重症监护病房、年龄≥60岁急性脑卒中患者148例,分为肺炎组90例,无肺炎组58例,分析脑卒中相关性肺炎的发生率、危险因素及病原学情况。结果脑卒中相关性肺炎发生率为60.8%。logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥80岁、吸烟、长期卧床、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分≥13分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分≤10分、吞咽障碍、机械通气、大脑中动脉主干梗死是脑卒中相关性肺炎的危险因素。肺炎组死亡33例(36.7%),无肺炎组死亡4例(6.9%),肺炎组病死率明显高于无肺炎组(P<0.01)。结论脑卒中相关性肺炎是脑卒中患者最严重的并发症之一,老年重症脑卒中患者更易发生肺部感染,直接导致病死率增加,临床医师应高度重视老年脑卒中患者肺炎的预防。     

入住 EICU 的高龄重症肺炎患者院内死亡的危险因素分析

目的：研究影响入住急诊重症监护室(EICU)的高龄(>65岁)重症肺炎患者院内死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性纳入2015年1月1日至5月31日因重症肺炎入住我院 EICU 的高龄患者,统计其院内病死率,同时收集相关临床资料,对病死率产生影响的因素进行分析。结果共纳入了30例重症肺炎患者,平均年龄(81.77±7.78)岁,其中男性19例,平均年龄(79.53±7.25)岁。死亡12人,其中男性8例,平均年龄(81.17±10.20)岁。患者性别、是否全身应用糖皮质激素、近3个月内是否住院治疗以及是否应用机械通气、气管镜治疗、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ评分)与死亡无关,入院时动脉血气分析(ABG)中血乳酸水平以及入院时呼吸频率与院内病死率相关,进一步的多因素分析提示上述指标均不是重症肺炎患者 EICU 院内死亡的独立危险因素。结论动脉血乳酸水平以及入院时呼吸频率与入住 EICU 的重症肺炎患者院内死亡有关,但不是其独立危险因素。     

急性脑卒中后医院内获得性肺炎的临床分析

目的:探讨急性脑卒中患者发生医院内获得性肺炎(HAP)的危险因素及对患者预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2003年1月至2011年9月期间住院的急性脑卒中患者,其中在住院期间发生HAP的患者作为病例组,未发生HAP的患者作为对照组。对危险因素采取χ2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析。对病例组和对照组病死率进行χ2分析。结果:单因素分析显示危险因素包括高龄(年龄>73岁)、美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分高(≥10分)、意识障碍、吞咽障碍、机械通气、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、低清蛋白血症、既往卒中史、贫血、管饲、使用制酸剂、肾功能异常、电解质紊乱;多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、NIHSS评分高、COPD、低清蛋白血症是感染的独立危险因素。病例组与对照组病死率有统计学差异。结论:患者高龄及NIHSS评分高是急性脑卒中后HAP的主要危险因素。发生HAP的急性脑卒中患者病死率高。     

272例缺血性脑卒中患者危险因素分析

研究表明,针对卒中危险因素的治疗可显著降低卒中的发病率及病死率.本研究对2006年2月～2007年2月收治的272例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料进行分析研究,探讨缺血性脑卒中患者的危险因素.     

Risk stratification of in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for chronic congestive heart failure secondary to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy

The study population consisted of 234 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure secondary to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Of the 234 patients, there were 55 in-hospital deaths. Their medical records were deliberatively reviewed and the association of 38 clinical, hemodynamic and biochemical variables with in-hospital mortality was evaluated by multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis. The following variables were statistically associated with in-hospital mortality: profound cardiogenic shock, severe hyponatremia, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias, history of stroke, the presence of acute renal failure, and requirement of dobutamine therapy. In stratified analyses, the rates of in-hospital mortality rose rapidly as the number of risk factors increased: 0 risk factors, 2.5%; 1 risk factor, 5.1%; 2 risk factors, 36.4%; 3 risk factors, 75%, and no less than 4 risk factors, 100%. In conclusion, our study identified 6 variables that correlated with in-hospital death in patients with heart failure secondary to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The identification of these variables may allow more accurate risk stratification of individuals at risk of in-hospital mortality in this clinical setting.     

缺血性卒中对急性心肌梗死患者入院后死亡的影响

目的探讨缺血性卒中病史对急性心肌梗死患者入院后死亡的影响作用。方法回顾性分析2004年2月—2009年8月以心电图初发急性sT段抬高型心肌梗死入院的患者共918例,以入院期间是否死亡将患者分为存活组（811例）及死亡组（107例）。比较两组患者的一般资料、发病特点和治疗情况,采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨缺血性卒中病史是否为急性心肌梗死患者近期死亡的独立危险因素。结果①死亡组缺血性卒中患者比例（22例,20．6％）高于存活组（101例,12．5％）,差异有统计学意义（,=5．354,P〈0．05）。②存活组和死亡组患者的年龄、糖尿病史及高血压病史比例、血压、空腹血糖、白细胞计数、血肌酐、严重心律失常并发症比例、左心室射血分数、治疗方式比较后,差异均具有统计学意义,P〈0．05。③多元Logistic回归分析表明,缺血性卒中病史并不是急性心肌梗死患者死亡预后的独立危险因素（P〉0．05,OR=1．027,95％CI．O．263～4．004）。结论合并缺血性卒中的患者在急性心肌梗死入院死亡的人群中具有更集中的现象,但是经过校正后,其对急性心肌梗死入院死亡预后的独立影响作用尚不明确。     

他汀类药物对缺血性脑卒中相关性肺炎的预防作用

目的:调查他汀类药物对急性缺血性脑卒中患者并发卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)的预防作用。方法:回顾性分析3492例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,并采用logistic回归分析预测发生SAP的危险因素。结果:97例患者死亡,489例患者发生SAP,使用他汀类药物的患者SAP发生率显著低于未使用该药物的患者(12. 0%vs 17. 2%,P 0. 01),多因素分析显示,年龄、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、吞咽困难、合并心源性栓塞和未采用他汀类药物治疗是SAP发生的危险因素;在调整其他危险因素后,吞咽困难OR值最高(OR=3. 71,95%CI:2. 7～5. 1)。多因素logistic回归分析显示未接受他汀类药物治疗、mRS评分和不明原因的诊断会影响病死率,发生SAP的OR值最高(OR:5. 62,95%CI:3. 40～9. 29)。结论:SAP是患者死亡的主要危险因素,他汀类药物能预防急性缺血性脑卒中患者SAP的发生,并可改善患者的预后。     

Increased case fatality rates following a first acute cardiovascular event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cardiovascular mortality is increased compared with the rate among unaffected peers. In this study, 30-day mortality rates following a first acute cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction or stroke) were compared between RA patients and the general population. METHODS: All cases of a first acute cardiovascular event between July 1, 2001 and November 30, 2003 in Victoria, Australia were identified from hospital discharge data. Individuals were classified as having RA when an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification code for RA was recorded at the index admission or during the previous 5 years. Thirty-day mortality rates were determined from linkage to the state death registry. RESULTS: A total of 29,924 patients experienced a first cardiovascular event during the study period, 359 (1.2%) of whom had RA. Thirty-day cardiovascular mortality was 17.6% in RA patients versus 10.8% in non-RA patients. In fully adjusted models, the odds ratio (OR) for cardiovascular death in RA patients following a first acute cardiovascular event was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2-2.2). Analysis of index event subgroups revealed that this increased case fatality rate in patients with RA was accounted for almost entirely by excess deaths following myocardial infarction. The adjusted ORs for cardiovascular death in RA after myocardial infarction and stroke were 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.7) and 1.2 (95% CI 0.7-2.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: RA patients have a substantially increased risk of 30-day case fatality following myocardial infarction, but not stroke, compared with non-RA patients. This higher case fatality rate is likely to contribute to the observed overall excess of cardiovascular deaths in RA populations.     

急性卒中后谵妄

谵妄是急性卒中的一种常见并发症,通常提示患者转归不良、病死率较高、住院时间较长以及痴呆风险增高.因此,急性卒中后谵妄的早期发现和干预具有重要意义.文章从卒中后谵妄的发病机制、危险因素、诊断评估、治疗和转归等方面进行了综述.     

Stroke and myocardial infarction in Chinese patients: comparison of risk factors and in-hospital outcomes

Although coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke share important risk factors,some associations differ between these two components of cardiovascular diseases.The objective of this study was to compare vascular risk factor profiles and in-hospital outcomes in acute stroke (AS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.Methods We evaluated 383 consecutive patients who were admitted to the 94th Hospital of Chinese PLA and the Third Hospital of Nanchang with diagnoses of AS (ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage;n = 310) or AMI (n = 73) during a 2-year period.The frequency of risk factors and inhospital mortality rates were assessed in both groups.Results AS patients were significantly older than AMI patients ( 68.9 ± 9.1 years vs.62.8 ±11.7 years;P ＜ 0.01).AMI was significantly more common than AS in patients younger than 65 years;51% of this group had AMI and 26% had AS (P ＜ 0.001).Hypertension was more common in AS patients than in AMI patients (69% vs.58%;P = 0.042).Patients who died did not differ significantly in age between the groups.In-hospital mortality rates were significantly higher in AS than AMI cases (31% vs.12%,P ＜ 0.001 for all patients;37% vs.5%,P ＜ 0.001 for men).Women hospitalized for AMI were more likely to die in hospital than men (28% vs.5%;P = 0.002).Conclusions Patients with stroke and with AMI differ in their risk factor profile.Age at the time of presentation was a significant differentiating factor between patients with AS and AMI.We observed significantly higher in-hospital mortality for patients with AS (when adjusted for age) than for patients with AMI.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:223-226)     

急性期脑卒中并发肺部感染86例临床分析

目的：探讨脑卒中急性期并发肺部感染的相关临床因素及对预后的影响。方法：收集673例急性脑卒中住院患者的临床资料,分析86例并发肺部感染与相关临床因素的关系。结果：本纽673例急性脑卒中并发肺部感染率为12．8％。意识障碍、吞咽障碍以及慢性肺部疾病史与肺部感染的发生有显著性关系（P〈0．01）;高龄、脑卒中类型、脑卒中史等与肺部感染发生有显著性关系（P〈0．05）。脑卒中病情越重,肺部感染发生率越高,肺部感染组病死率为15．1％明显高于非肺部感染组的3．6％（P〈0．01）。结论：脑卒中急性期患者肺部感染是由于多种因素相互作用的结果,严重影响其预后。     

Stroke and acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: clinical correlates and long-term prognosis

Thirteen (1.8%) of 708 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) I, II and III trials developed a stroke. Four strokes were hemorrhagic and nine were nonhemorrhagic. Of five prespecified risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage (age greater than 65 years, history of hypertension, history of prior cerebrovascular disease, aspirin use and acute hypertension), two patients had two risk factors and one patient had one risk factor. However, 80% of patients without intracranial hemorrhage had at least one risk factor and 31% had two risk factors. No patient with a prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (all greater than 6 months previously) had an intracranial hemorrhage. Of three prespecified risk factors for nonhemorrhagic stroke (atrial fibrillation, prior cerebrovascular disease and large anterior wall infarction), only the occurrence of a large anterior myocardial infarction (with ejection fraction less than 45%) was a predictor (p = 0.0015). The in-hospital death rate was 25% for patients with hemorrhagic stroke versus 11% for patients with a non-hemorrhagic stroke and 6% for those patients without a stroke. Furthermore, the hospital stay was greater than 50% longer in patients who had a stroke than in those who did not. Thus, intracranial hemorrhage remains an unpredictable risk in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy and cerebral infarction is related to anterior myocardial infarction and poor left ventricular function. Both types of stroke are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.     

The influence of hyperglycemia on outcome of cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hyperglycemia in the acute stroke period is associated with worse survival and functional outcome after accounting for acute stress response and chronic hyperglycemia. DESIGN: Prospective, county-wide, multicenter cohort study. SETTING: A community hospital, a university hospital, and a Veterans Affairs hospital. PATIENTS: A cohort of 146 patients hospitalized with new atherothrombotic stroke. MEASUREMENTS: Admission blood glucose concentration, demographic characteristics of patients, 24-hour urinary catecholamine, serum cortisol, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels; outcomes included mortality and functional outcome (Barthel index and Fugl-Meyer score) at 5, 30, 90, and 180 days after stroke. RESULTS: Of the 996 patients with possible acute stroke who were screened, 146 (15%) were eligible for and consented to participate in the study; in most cases, exclusion from study was based on the absence of acute, atherothrombotic stroke. Overall, no evidence was found of a significant univariate association between admission blood glucose level and survival (relative risk, 1.02; 95% Cl, 0.94 to 1.09) or functional outcome (univariate regression coefficient for adjusted Fugl-Meyer score at day 30, - 0.36; Cl, - 1.08 to 0.27). This absence of an association persisted after adjustment for significant predictors of outcome in a multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support an association between level of glycemia and outcome from acute stroke.     

Stroke in thoracic aortic surgery: outcome and risk factors

The risk factors and the outcome of stroke in thoracic aortic surgery were studied in 127 patients (86 males, 41 females), aged 18 to 84 years (mean, 64 years), operated on between September 1994 and December 2000. There were 29 operations on the ascending aorta, 63 arch, 29 descending, 5 thoracoabdominal, and 1 extraanatomical bypass. Perioperative stroke occurred in 15 patients (12%). The risk factors for stroke were identified as preexisting chronic renal failure and femoral arterial cannulation. Hospital death occurred in 4 of the 15 cases (27%) of stroke and 7 of the 112 cases (6%) without stroke (p < 0.05). There were 18 late deaths during a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years (range, 1 month to 7.2 years). The 3-year survival rates were 43 +/- 14% in the stroke patients and 85 +/- 4% in the other patients. Actuarial survival, including during hospitalization, was lower in the stroke patients than in the other patients not only among those 70 years or older but also among all the patients (both p < 0.0001). Stroke occurring in thoracic aortic surgery is thus an important risk factor for early and late mortality, particularly in patients 70 years or older.