羟乙基淀粉联合小剂量尿激酶治疗进展性脑卒中疗效观察

目的 观察羟乙基淀粉联合小剂量尿激酶治疗进展性脑卒中的临床疗效.方法 将我院收治的符合入选标准的70例进展性脑卒中患者随机分为观察组和对照组,均给予常规抗血小板聚集、稳定斑块药物及小剂量尿激酶治疗,在此基础上观察组给予羟乙基淀粉注射液.在治疗前和治疗后3、5、7、14、28 d采用临床神经功能缺损评分标准(CSS)评定2组神经功能缺损程度及疗效.结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后2组神经功能缺损均明显改善;与对照组比较,观察组神经功能缺损改善更显著(P＜0.05).结论 羟乙基淀粉注射液联合小剂量尿激酶治疗进展性脑卒中较单用尿激酶疗效更显著.     

羟乙基淀粉联合阿托伐他汀改善分水岭脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度的作用

目的：探讨羟乙基淀粉与阿托伐他汀在改善分水岭脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度中的作用。方法100例分水岭脑梗死患者随机分为2组,对照组单纯口服阿托伐他汀治疗,观察组联合应用阿托伐他汀和羟乙基淀粉。比较2组神经功能缺损改善程度和临床疗效。结果治疗后观察组NIHSS评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,ADL评分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组痊愈率30％,总有效率96％,均明显高于对照组的20％、80％（ P＜0.05）;观察组肺部感染、上消化道出血、脑血管病后抑郁症等不良反应发生率均明显低于对照组（ P＜0.05）。结论羟乙基淀粉联合阿托伐他汀能够显著改善分水岭脑梗死患者的神经功能缺损程度。     

中分子羟乙基淀粉治疗脑分水岭梗死的疗效

目的 探讨中分子羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗急性脑分水岭梗死的疗效。方法 将80例急性脑分水岭梗死患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组40例,分别给予常规治疗和中分子羟乙基淀粉并常规治疗,通过观察神经功能缺损评分的减少和Barthel指数变化评价疗效。结果 治疗后第7、14天治疗组神经功能缺损程度评分较对照组明显下降（15±4 vs 17±4;6±4 vs 10±3,P均<0.05）,Barthel 指数较对照组上升（60±14 vs 52±14;78±10 vs 71±10,P均<0.05）。结论 中分子羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗急性脑分水岭梗死安全、有效。     

羟乙基淀粉联合阿托伐他汀对分水岭脑梗死患者神经功能缺损及WBV、PV、FIB、CBF、Hcy水平的影响

目的探讨羟乙基淀粉联合阿托伐他汀治疗对分水岭脑梗死(CWI)患者神经功能缺损及全血黏度(WBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、脑血流量(CBF)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的影响。方法 84例CWI患者随机分为观察组与对照组各42例。对照组在常规对症治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用羟乙基淀粉治疗。治疗28d后评价临床疗效,治疗前、治疗后2w、3个月后Barthel指数、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS),并测定WBV、PV、FIB、CBF、Hcy,并检测糖、脂代谢指标(FBG、2hPG、TC、TG、LDL)及血压水平。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(92.86%vs 76.19%);治疗后7d、14d、28d和3个月,观察组的NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后28d、3个月,观察组的BI指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗28d后,观察组的WBV、PV、FIB、Hcy、FBG、2hPG、TC、TG、LDL均显著低于对照组,CBF显著高于对照组(P<0.05),两组DBP、SBP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论羟乙基淀粉联合阿托伐他汀治疗CWI能够降低患者的WBV、PV、FIB和Hcy,并增加CBF,从而改善患者的神经功能缺损,具有临床推广应用价值。     

小剂量尿激酶联合奥扎格雷钠、羟乙基淀粉治疗老年进展性梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨小剂量尿激酶联合奥扎格雷钠、羟乙基淀粉治疗老年进展性梗死的临床疗效和安全性.方法 154例进展性脑梗死患者随机分为对照组77例,治疗组77例,2组均给予奥扎格雷纳80mg静滴,2次/d,应用14d,并应用活血化瘀、脑保护药物.治疗组在对照组治疗方法 基础上,给予尿激酶20万～30万U溶于100ml生理盐水中静滴,30min滴完,1次/d,连用3～5d;羟乙基淀粉500ml静滴,1次/d,连用14d.并对每位患者于治疗前和治疗后3d、7d、21d分别进行神经功能缺损评分,21d时进行疗效评定.结果 治疗组神经功能缺损评分及疗效评定均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用小剂量尿激酶联合奥扎格雷钠、羟乙基淀粉治疗老年进展性梗死是一种安全、有效的治疗方法 ,值得推广应用.     

低分子肝素钙联合羟乙基淀粉130/0.4治疗进展型脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察低分子肝素钙联合羟乙基淀粉130/0.4治疗进展型脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法 68例进展型脑梗死患者随机分为对照组和实验组各34例,对照组按脑血管病防治指南给予规范治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用低分子肝素钙5 000U/IH,q12h,羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 500mL/ivgtt,qd,7~10d为1疗程;分别在治疗前及治疗14d后用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS),治疗前及治疗1个月后用日常生活能力评分量表(ADL)进行评分,进行比较。结果实验组14d后NIHSS和1个月后ADL评分与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组均未出现明显不良反应。结论低分子肝素钙联合羟乙基淀粉130/0.4治疗进展型脑梗死安全有效。     

中分子羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗急性脑分水岭梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察中分子羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗急性脑分水岭梗死(CWI)的疗效.方法 随机将100例CWI患者分为中分子羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗组和对照组(每组50例).两组患者均给予改善脑供血、抗血小板等脑梗死常规治疗,治疗组再予以中分子羟乙基淀粉注射液500 ml静脉滴注,每天1次,连续14 d.在治疗前、治疗后第7 d、14 ...     

颈动脉注射尿激酶联合羟乙基淀粉氯化钠注射液治疗进展性脑梗死临床观察

目的观察颈动脉注射尿激酶联合羟乙基淀粉氯化钠注射液治疗进展性脑梗死的疗效。方法将80例进展性脑梗死患者分成治疗组(40例)和对照组(40例),治疗组在对照组基础上,颈动脉注射尿激酶联合羟乙基淀粉氯化钠静滴。结果治疗组有效率90.0%,明显优于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈动脉注射尿激酶联合羟乙基淀粉氯化钠注射液治疗进展性脑梗死安全有效。     

阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉治疗急性脑分水岭梗死的疗效

目的观察阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗急性脑分水岭梗死(ACWI)的疗效。方法 100例ACWI患者,随机、单盲分为治疗组、对照组(n=50),对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙和羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗14天,治疗后第7、14天采用美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)予以评分,并在治疗后3、6个月采用改良的Rankin评分(mRS)及Barthel指数(BI)进行远期疗效评价。结果治疗后第7、14天治疗组NIHSS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后3、6个月治疗组BI、mRS明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后6个月治疗组82.61%患者临床结局良好,优于对照组的62.22%(P0.05)。未见明显不良反应。结论阿托伐他汀钙联合羟乙基淀粉注射液治疗ACWI安全、有效。     

阿司匹林联合羟乙基淀粉治疗进展性脑梗死临床分析

目的 探讨阿司匹林联合羟乙基淀粉治疗进展性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 2008-01-2011-12我院收治进展性脑梗死患者86例,随机分为观察组45例,对照组41例.对照组给予肠溶阿司匹林100mg口服,1次/d.观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用10％羟乙基淀粉500 mL静滴,1次/d,连续用药2周观察治疗结果.结果 观察组治疗后1周、2周与治疗前疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；对照组总有效率82.9％,观察组95.6％,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 阿司匹林联合羟乙基淀粉治疗进展性脑梗死可显著改善神经功能缺损,疗效较好.     

Effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia★

BACKGROUND： Learning and memory processes are accompanied by complex neuropathological and biochemical changes. Free radicals play an important role in learning and memory damage. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide （PSP） in comparison with vitamin 12 on inhibiting free radical damage, as well as improving the degree of cerebral ischemia and learning and memory in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of dementia. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTINGS： Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical College; Shandong Jewim Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. MATERIALS： A total of 105 healthy Kunming mice, comprising 90 males and 15 females that were clean grade, were provided by the Animal Center of Taishan Medical College. PSP （extracted and purified by Huangjing, Taishan） was provided by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taishan Medical College （purity of 79.6% by using a phenol-concentrated sulphate acid method）, and hydrogen bromine acid scopolamine injection solution （SCO） by Shanghai Hefeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： This study was performed at the Pharmacological Laboratory of Taishan Medical College from March to June 2007. （1） A total of 75 healthy Kunming male mice of clean grade were randomly divided into a normal control group, positive control group, and low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups, with 15 mice in each group. Mice in both the low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg PSP, respectively. Mice in the positive control group were intragastrically administered 0.5 g/kg vitamin 12. In addition, mice in both the normal control group and model group were intragastrically administered the same volume of saline, respectively, once a day for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the final administration on day 6, mice in the positive control group, model group, low-dosage and high-dosage PSP groups were subcutaneously injected with 3.0 mg/kg SCO, while mice in the no     

Effect of Panaxtriol Saponins on synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95 expression at different periods of cerebral infarction*☆

BACKGROUND： The change in expression of synaptophysin （Syp） and postsynaptic density-95 （PSD-95） alters after cerebral infarction, and the plasticity of synapses contributes greatly to nerve function recovery. Chinese medicinal substances may play an important role in the expression of Syp and PSD-95. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of Panaxtriol Saponins （PTS）, an active component in Sanqi tongshu capsules, on the expression of Syp and PSD-95 after cerebral infarction at different time points in rats, so as to examine the cerebral function remodeling mechanism. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized and controlled observation which was performed in Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to March, 2007. MATERIALS： Twenty-six healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion based on the Longa method. Sanqi tongshu capsules （containing 100 mg PTS per tablet） were provided by the Chengdu Huashen Group and nimodipine tablets （30 mg） by Tianjin Zhongyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into an operation group （n = 21 ） and a control group （n = 5）. The operation group underwent the EZ Longa procedure to make the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. After surgery rats were randomly divided into a model group, a PTS group and a nimodipine group, with seven rats in each group. Rats were intragastrically administrated with saline （2 mL/d） in the model group, with Sanqi tongshu capsule （5.4 mg/100 g/d） in the PTS group, and with nimodipine （1.73 mg/100 g/d） in the nimodipine group. Rats in the control group did not undergo model establishment and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The expressions of Syp and PSD-95 were measured by immunohistochemical and image analysis at days 3, 7 and 28 after the operation. RESULTS： The expression of Syp and PSD-95 in the operation group was significantly lower than in the control group at days 3, 7     

Anti-apoptotic effects of aspirin following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats☆

BACKGROUND： The pharmacological effects of aspirin on apoptosis are complex. The underlying mechanisms have not been properly defined. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of different doses of aspirin on brain cell apoptosis following focal cerebral iscbemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI） in rats. DESING, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment, performed at the School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University between June and October 2006. MATERIALS： Twenty-six male, adult, Sprague Dawley rats （grade Ⅱ）, weighing 240-290 g, were obtained from Shanghai Experimental Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Aspirin was provided by Sigma （USA）. METHODS： The rats were randomly divided into four groups： sham-operation （SO）, CIRI ＋ vehicle, CIRI ＋ aspirin （6 mg/kg）, and CIRI ＋ aspirin （60 mg/kg）. Rats in the lesion groups were intragastrically administrated saline, aspirin （6 mg/kg）, or aspirin （60 mg/kg）, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of pyramidal neurons with normal appearance in the cerebral cortex at 24 mm from the midline; apoptotic cell death as measured by TUNEL; Bcl-2 and Bax protein localization was determined by immunohistochemistry; malondialdehyde （MDA） and super oxidation （SOD） content were determined by biochemistry method; adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content measured by capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS： Following CIRI, the following parameters were altered compared with sham-operated animals： the number of neurons with normal appearance was significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex; the number of apoptotic cells increased; Bax protein expression was enhanced; and the ratio between Bcl-2 and Bax decreased. In addition, MDA content increased significantly, whereas ATP content decreased （P 〈 0.01）. Aspirin ameliorated the loss of healthy pyramidal neurons. Both 6 and 60 mg/kg aspirin increased the ratio between Bcl-2 and Bax, with no significant difference between the treatment group     

Clinical effects of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture on neurological impairment following cerebral infarction*☆

BACKGROUND： Although the curative effects of acupuncture have been confirmed by various treatments of cerebral infarction, few studies have investigated when acupuncture can attain the best clinical effect. OBJECTIVE： Four different time points were selected for acupuncture treatment of cerebral infarction to evaluate the appropriate time course for Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy in terms of improved neurological function. DESIGN： Controlled observation. SETTING： Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese Armed Police Forces. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 120 inpatients with cerebral infarction of different stages, including 75 males and 45 females, aged 41-75 years, were selected from November 2005 to December 2006 at the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy in Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese Armed Police Forces. Diagnostic criteria： in accordance with ＂main points of diagnosis on different cerebrovascular disease＂ secondly revised in the Second Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting of Chinese Medicine Association in 1986. All accepted subjects provided confirmed consent, and the experiment received ethical permission from the hospital＇s ethics committee. METHODS： ① Experiment grouping： All inpatients were divided into four groups with non-stochastic concurrent control method according to the disease course： Group Ⅰ （onset within 7 hours）, group Ⅱ （onset from 7 hours to 3 days）, group Ⅲ （onset within 4-7 days）, and group IV （onset within 21-180 days）. On the basis of symptomatic treatment with western medicine, each group received Xingnao Kaiqiao therapy after onset within 7 hours, 7 hours to 3 days, 4 to 7days, and 21 to 180 days. ① The principal acupoints were Neiguan, Renzhong, and Sanyinfiao. ② The auxiliary acupoints were Jiquan, Chize, and Weizhong. ③Acupuncture manipulations： initially, Neiguan （PC6, bilateral）     

Effect of cyclovirobuxine D on human growth-associated protein 43 and neurocan expression in ischemic brain tissue of stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats*★

BACKGROUND： Experimental data indicate that human growth-associated protein 43 mRNA expression coincides with axonal growth during nerve ganglion development; while neurocan, secreted from astrocytes, can inhibit sprouting and elongation of the axonal growth cone. OBJECTIVE： To verify regulatory effects of cyclovirobuxine D （CVB-D） extracted from Chinese box branchlet on human growth-associated protein 43 （GAP-43）, and neurocan expression in brain tissue of stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive （RHRSP） rats, at different time points after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN： Randomized grouping design and controlled animal study. SETTING： This study was performed at the Center of Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine （a national key laboratory） from March 2003 to September 2006. MATERIALS： 100 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 3 months and weighing 90-120 g, were selected for this study. CVB-D was provided by Nanjing Xiaoying Pharmaceutical Factory （Batch number： 307701）. METHODS： The initial tip of renal arteries was clamped bilaterally for 10 weeks to establish the RHRSP model. 100 RHRSP rats were randomly divided into 4 groups： naive group （n = 10）, sham surgery group （n = 10）, CVB-D group （n = 40）, and lesion group （n = 40）. Rats in the naive group did not undergo any treatment, and cervical vessels of rats in the sham surgery group were exposed, but not blocked. The right middle cerebral artery of rats in the CVB-D group and lesion group were occluded to establish cerebral ischemia. Rats in the CVB-D group were intraperitoneally injected with CVB-D （6.48 mg/kg） every day and with saline （1.5 mL/injection） twice a day. Rats in the lesion group were intraperitoneally injected with saline （2 mL/injection）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect GAP-43 and neurocan expression in the ischemic penumbra region of CVB-D and lesion brains at 2 hours post-cerebral ischemia and at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days po     

Effects Of ATP Sensitive potassium channel opener on the mRNA and pro- tein expressions of caspase-12 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Objective To investigate effects of K_ATP opener on the expressions of caspase-12 mRNA and protein, and to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress pathway in the mechanism of K_ATP opener protecting against neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Two hundred rats were randomly divided into four groups： sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group, K_ATP opener group, and K_ATP blocker group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model was established by intraluminal suture occlusion method; neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-12 were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohisto-chemical staining, respectively. Results In ischemia-reperfusion group, K_ATP opener group and K_ATP blocker group, the number of apoptotic cells and the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-12 gradually increased following cerebral reperfusion, and reached the peak at 24 h. In K_ATP opener group, The number of apoptotic cells was significantly less than that in ischemia-reperfusion group and K_ATP blocker group at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）; while the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-12 were significantly less than those in ischemia-reperfusion group and K_ATP blocker group at all times （P 〈 0.05 or P〈0.01）. There were no differences between the ischemia-reperfusion group and K_ATP blocker group at each time （P〉 0.05）. Conclusion K_ATP opener may protect neurons from apoptosis following the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting ER stress pathway.     

强化降脂对大脑中动脉狭窄脑梗死患者血脂及狭窄局部血流速度的影响

目的探讨强化降脂对大脑中动脉狭窄脑梗死患者的血脂、血管狭窄局部血流速度的影响及药物安全性。方法对应用强化降脂治疗的51例（观察组）及常规降脂治疗的45例（对照组）大脑中动脉狭窄脑梗死患者治疗前后的血脂水平、血流动力学变化及药物不良反应进行对比分析。结果治疗后两组患者Tc、LDL—C水平均较治疗前降低,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,TG、HDL—C水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,治疗后两组间TC、TG、LDL—C、HDL—C比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;观察组治疗后Vsl／Vs2与治疗前及对照组治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组出现转氨酶升高4例（7．84％）,对照组出现2例（4．44％）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．471,P=0．492）。结论强化降脂治疗不但具有良好的降脂效果,更可有效改善血管狭窄局部的血流速度,且药物不良反应与常规降脂治疗无异。     

Time-dependent effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in focal cerebral ischemia rats**☆

BACKGROUND： The onset of focal cerebral ischemia activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, regulates cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, and affects the normal stage and function of brain cells. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in the lateral cerebral ventricle wall of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The effects were analyzed at different time points after intervention. DESIGN： Randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing （250±10） g were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, Medical College of Sun Yat-Sen University. The animal experiment was conducted with confirmed consent by the local ethics committee. The GB6805-Ⅱ electric acupuncture apparatus was provided by Shanghai Medical Equipment High-techno Company. METHODS： The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, from February to July 2007. All experimental animals were randomly divided into the following groups： normal group （n = 6）, sham operation group （n = 18）, model group （n = 18）, and electroacupuncture group （n = 18）. Middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was performed in the model group and electroacupuncture group. Zea Longa＇s grading standard was used to assess neurological impairment after reperfusion; animals whose grades were between l and 4 were included in this study. The normal control group was not exposed to MCAO. In sham operation animals, the right common carotid artery （CCA） was isolated, and the external carotid artery （ECA） was damaged, but no embolism was induced. The electroacupuncture group was given acupuncture on the second day after surgery. The acupoint locations were chosen according to Experimental Acupuncture （People＇s Publishing House; 1997; First Edition）. The Chengjiang, Qihai, and     

Ultrastructural changes of rat cortical neurons following ligustrazine intervention for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury*★

BACKGROUND： Ligustrazine can reduce the production of free radicals and the content of malonaldehyde, and improve the enzymatic activity of adenosine-triphosphate in cerebral anoxia. It also can increase the expression of heat shock protein-70 and Bcl-2, thus alleviating brain tissue injury caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This study aimed to address the question of whether ligustrazine can protect the membrane structure of neurons. OBJECTIVE： To establish rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, observe the membrane structure and main organelles of neurons with electron microscope after ligustrazine intervention, and to analyze the dose-dependent effects of ligustrazine on neuronal changes. DESIGN： A randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Anatomy Research and Electron Microscopy, Hebei North University. MATERIALS： Forty Wistar rats of SPS grade, weighing 180-250 g and equal proportion of female and male, were provided by Hebei Medical University Animal Center （No. 060126）. The ligustrazine injection （40 g/L, No. 05012） was produced by Beijing Yongkang Yaoye. LKB4 Ultramicrotome was purchased from LKB Company in Sweden. JEM100CXII electron microscope was purchased from JEOL in Japan. METHODS： The experiment was performed in the Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy and Electron Microscopy, Hebei North University from June to August 2006. （1） Wistar rats were allowed to adapt for 3 days, and were then randomly divided into four groups, according to the numeration table method： normal group, model group, low-dose ligustrazine group, and high-dose ligustrazine group. There were 10 rats in each group. （2）Rats in the model group, low-dose ligustrazine group, and high-dose ligustrazine group underwent cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, according to Bannister＇s method. The carotid artery was opened for reperfusion after 90 minutes of cerebral ischemia. Samples were collected from the cerebral cortex after 24 hours. Animals from the ligustrazine low-dose group