新生儿胃肠道生长发育及胃肠激素的研究

为探讨新生儿胃肠动力学的特点 ,应用放免分析方法对 36例重度窒息新生儿、2 2例轻度窒息新生儿和 2 4例正常新生儿的血清胃泌素、血浆胃动素进行了检测和对比研究。结果显示 :重度窒息组血清胃泌素和血浆胃动素水平明显低于正常对照组 (t值分别为 8 32 5、3 5 75 ,P <0 0 1) ;轻度窒息组胃泌素和血浆胃动素与正常对照组相比无显著差异 ,(t值分别为 1 2 6 4、0 0 4 1、P >0 0 5 )。因此 ,新生儿重度窒息 (在围产期 )可导致血清胃泌素和血浆胃动素水平明显降低 ,从而导致喂养不耐受 ,易合并肠道并发症     

新生儿胃肠道生长发育研究进展

新生儿出生后胃肠道迅速生长发育,其调节机制尚未完全明了。母乳以其营养均衡、全面,被视为最理想的膳食,对新生儿胃肠道的生长发育具有显著的促进作用。此外多胺亦为胃肠道生长发育必不可少的营养物质。激素以及生长因子均发挥着不可替代的关键作用。母乳及其它肠营养素、激素和生长因子通过协同作用对新生儿胃肠道生长发育进行调节     

新生儿胃肠道生长发育研究进展

新生儿出生后胃肠道迅速生长发育,其调节机制尚未完全明了。母乳以其营养均衡、全面,被视为最理想的膳食,对新生儿胃肠道的生长发育具有显著的促进作用。此外多胺亦为胃肠道生长发育必不可少的营养物质。激素以及生长因子均发挥着不可替代的关键作用。母乳及其它肠营养素、激素和生长因子通过协同的作用对新生儿胃肠道生长发育进行调节。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病时胃肠激素的变化

为了探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）时血液中生长抑素（ＳＳ）、胃泌素（ＧＡＳ）、胃动素（ＭＴＣ）对消化系统的影响，用放射地４９例ＨＩＥ患儿急性期及恢复期测定血清ＳＳ、ＧＡＳ、及血浆ＭＴＬ，并与２４例正常足月新生儿脐血作对照，结果显示，ＨＩＥ急性期ＳＳ、ＧＡＳ浓度明显高于正常对照组，胃纱与对照组相比有所降低，且血清ＳＳ、ＧＡＳ水平与ＨＩＥ轻重程度正相比提示新生儿ＨＩＥ时ＳＳ及胃肠激素水平的民消化系     

慢性胃炎患儿部分胃肠激素的检测

目的 了解慢性胃炎患儿空腹及餐后部分胃肠激素的变化情况,深入探讨其病理生理学变化。方法 应用放射免疫分析法检测30例慢性胃炎患儿及20例健康儿童空腹及餐后1h外周血部分胃肠激素水平。结果 空腹:慢性胃炎组胃泌素为156.61±45.65pg/ml,胃动素为239.30±73.59pg/ml,生长抑素为106.38±72.03pg/ml;健康对照组依次为:124.92±50.25pg/ml,326.31±58.23pg/ml,68.13±37.65pg/ml。慢性胃炎组血清胃泌素和血浆胃动素较健康对照组有显著变化(P<0.05),而血浆生长抑素两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。餐后:慢性胃炎组胃泌素176.64±25.25pg/ml,胃动素274.32±102.91pg/ml,生长抑素143.55±60.96pg/ml;健康对照组依次为:137.22±59.64pg/ml,373.93±139.93pg/ml,102.72±41.82pg/ml。与对照组比较,慢性胃炎组血清胃泌素和血浆生长抑素均显著增高(P<0.05);但两组胃动素无统计学意义(P>0.05)。餐前餐后比较:两组胃泌素、胃动素、生长抑素餐后较餐前有所增高,但前两者增高无显著差异(P>0.05),生长抑素增高两组均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 慢性胃炎患儿血胃泌素、胃动素及生长抑素水平异常,提示这些胃肠激素的改变可能参与其病理生理变化。     

儿童慢性胃炎部分胃肠激素分泌细胞的研究

为探讨慢性胃炎患儿胃肠激素分泌细胞的变化情况 ,我们采用免疫组化技术对 78例慢性胃炎患儿胃窦粘膜的胃泌素、5 羟色胺、降钙素分泌细胞进行了检测并与同龄正常儿童进行对照分析。材料与方法10 5例有长期腹痛或再发性腹痛的患儿 ,经纤维胃镜检查 78例诊断为慢性胃炎 ,其中男 32例 ,女 46例。年龄 4～14岁 ,平均年龄 8 7岁。同期另选择无临床症状且胃镜检查无异常发现的 2 5例儿童作为对照组 ,男 11例、女 14例 ,年龄5～ 14岁 ,平均年龄 8 4岁。1.胃镜诊断 :采用日本产ＯｌｙｍｐｕｓＧＩＦ ＸＰ2 0纤维胃镜 ,经食管至十二指肠降部逐一仔…     

新生儿胃肠道生长抑素的探讨

生长抑素（ＳＳ）为近年来较受重视的多肽，本文就ＳＳ在胃肠道中的分布，ＳＳ的分子形式及其比较，生理情况下ＳＳ的分必及疾病对ＳＳ的影响作了综述，介绍了近年来国际上对生儿胃肠道ＳＳ的研究状况，并简单介绍了仍待进一步研究的一些问题。     

胃肠激素检测在儿童慢性胃病中的意义

为研究慢性胃病儿童患者血清有关激素的变化,用ＲＩＡ法测定慢性胃病儿童血清胃动素(ＭＴＬ),β2内腓肽(βＥＰ),降钙素相关基因肽(ＣＧＲＰ)的含量,并讨论其变化的临床意义。对象和方法一、对象　1997年1月～8月住院及门诊的慢性胃病儿童(观察组)48例,男27例,女21例,平均年龄7.6ａ(3～11ａ),均经上消化道钡透确诊,排除先天性疾病、肝病和内分泌疾病。病变包括反流性食管炎7例,慢性胃炎23例,十二指肠球部溃疡8例,胃溃疡、胃肠功能紊乱各5例。健康对照组30例,平均年龄7.1ａ(3～10.5ａ),排除胃肠道疾病及内分泌疾病。二、方法　均于入院1周内…     

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and pneumoperitoneum in newborns treated with continuous lung distending pressures

In newborns with respiratory distress being treated with continuous lung distending pressures, the development of pneumoperitoneum could be a manifestation of an air-block phenomenon but it can also be due to a real perforation of the bowel. When this clinical situation arises upright films or cross-table lateral films will be helpful to demonstrate air fluid levels and some consideration should be given to inserting aqueous contrast material into the stomach and take sequential films in order to demonstrate the presence or absence of a perforation. Six illustrative cases are reported.     

新生儿行为神经评分及血钙检测在窒息新生儿中的意义

目的　探讨新生儿行为神经评分 (NABA)及血钙测定在窒息新生儿中的临床意义。方法　对 6 0例窒息新生儿行NBNA评分并测定血钙 ,分析其在不同病情中的变化。结果　NBNA评分及血钙在窒息新生儿中均下降 ,并与窒息程度呈正相关。结论　NBNA评分及血钙测定联合应用有助于判断窒息新生儿的病情并估计预后。     

Immunological protection of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract: the importance of breast feeding

Immunoglobulins A, M and G were measured in the milk of 20 nursing mothers at the beginning of lactation and simultaneously in the faeces of their children. The IgA level in the human milk was very high especially during the first week of lactation. After the start of breast-feeding IgA rapidly increased in the faeces, whereas IgG and IgM concentrations were consistently very low. In 74 normal full-term bottle-fed infants IgA appeared in the faeces at the age of 3-4 weeks but the level was significantly lower than the IgA level in breast-fed infants at the same age. Secretory IgA of human milk is stable and resistant to gastrointestinal juices and enzymes, thus giving passive immunological protection to the digestive tract of the newborn infant.     

Transient neonatal hypothyroidism is associated with elevated serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels in newborns and their mothers

Transient congenital hypothyroidism (TCH) was detected in 6 of 35,067 newborns (1:5845 births) screened in Iran. Antithyroglobulin antibodies positivity was present in 4 of 6 (66.7%) of those with TCH and in 6 of 106 (5.7%) of those with "transient hyperthyrotropinemia and normal" diagnoses (P = .0005), but positivity was similar in newborns with transient hyperthyrotropinemia versus normal neonates (P = .397).     

Physical status of newborns and neonatal outcome

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which physical status at birth is associated with neonatal mortality and the causes of mortality vis-a-vis size at birth and gestational age. METHOD: 11,223 consecutive live births completing 26 weeks of gestation and weighing > or = 500 gm were included in the study. Birth weight and chest circumference were recorded as per WHO guidelines. Gestational age was calculated on the basis of L.M.P. and the new Ballard's score. Deaths occurring in the hospital within 28 days were recorded. Percentile values of gestational age specific birth weights were calculated separately for singletons and multiple births. Percentage of SGA was calculated with reference to WHO recommended values. Birth weight-gestational age-specific mortality rates were calculated at 2 wk and 500 gm intervals. RESULT: Low-birth-weight babies constituted 39.8% of the total, much in excess of WHO recommended figure of 15%. 76% deaths occurred among LBW babies and 56.2% among preterms. Mortality showed remarkable decline as the birth weight increased to 2,000 gm. The lowest mortality was among singletons weighing 2,500-3,000 gm and of 38-40 weeks gestation. Prevalence of SGA at 40 and 42 weeks were 73.7% and 83.6% respectively. But, if SGA babies not categorised as LBW were excluded, the values came down to 32% and 36% respectively. 36% of all deaths occurred during the first 24 hrs of birth; asphyxia and related causes contributing to 50% of it. CONCLUSION: Cut-off value of 2,000 gm instead of 2,500 gm for birth weight may be preferable in countries where most LBW babies are SGAs. Simultaneously, deaths in non-LBW babies due to perinatal causes contribute sgnificantly to total neonatal mortality and need due attention through sensitising obstetricians in essential newbom care and timely Intervention.     

Effect of bombesin on the development of the neonatal rabbit gastrointestinal tract.

The effect of bombesin on the postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract was examined in New Zealand white rabbits. Bombesin (1.25, 12.5, 30 micrograms/kg body weight) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally to suckling rabbits for 13 days starting on day 4 of life. The animals were killed at day 17. There was no significant effect of bombesin at doses of 1.25 or 12.5 micrograms/kg in any region of the gut studied. Bombesin administered at 30 micrograms/kg induced a widespread trophic effect in the gastrointestinal tract characterized by significant increases in the wet weight of the stomach, liver and whole small intestine, as well as in 10-cm segments of the proximal, middle, and distal small intestine. There was also a significant increase in the mucosal weight of 10-cm segments of the proximal, middle and distal small intestine, and the colon in the bombesin-treated group. Bombesin significantly increased the protein and DNA contents of the liver, the fundus of stomach, all segments of the small intestine and the distal colon. Maximal stimulation was seen in DNA content, suggesting that bombesin has a primarily hyperplastic effect. Bombesin increased the activities of small intestinal sucrase and maltase but not lactase. Bombesin did not alter hepatic glucokinase activity. These findings suggest that bombesin can promote the growth of the neonatal rabbit gastrointestinal tract and liver.     

Physical status of newborns and neonatal outcome

Objective. To determine the extent to which physical status at birth is associated with neonatal mortality and the causes of mortality vis-a-vis size at birth and gestational age.Method : 11,223 consecutive live births completing 26 weeks of gestation and weighing ≥ 500 gm were included in the study. Birth weight and chest circumference were recorded as per WHO guidelines. Gestational age was calculated on the basis of L.M.P. and the new Ballard’s score. Deaths occurring in the hospital within 28 days were recorded. Percentile values of gestational age specific birth weights were calculated separately for singletons and multiple births. Percentage of SGA was calculated with reference to WHO recommended values. Birth weightgestational age-specific mortality rates were calculated at 2 wk and 500 gm intervals.Results : Low-birth-weight babies constituted 39.8% of the total, much in excess of WHO recommended figure of 15%. 76% deaths occurred among LBW babies and 56.2% among preterms. Mortality showed remarkable decline as the birth weight increased to 2000 gm. The lowest mortality was among singletons weighing 2500-3000 gm and of 38–40 weeks gestation. Prevalence of SGA at 40 and 42 weeks were 73.7% and 83.6% respectively. But, if SGA babies not categorised as LBW were excluded, the values came down to 32% and 36% respectively. 36% of all deaths occurred during the first 24 hrs of birth; asphyxia and related causes contributing to 50% of it.Conclusion : Cut-off value of 2000 gm instead of 2500 gm for birth weight may be preferable in countries where most LBW babies are SGAs. Simultaneously, deaths in non-LBW babies due to perinatal causes contribute significantly to total neonatal mortality and need due attention through sensitising obstetricians in essential newborn care and timely intervention.