心肌声学造影指导下经皮间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的 :评价经皮间隔心肌消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的即刻和长期疗效。方法 :对于药物治疗效果差、心功能 (NYHA)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、静息左室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)≥30mmHg或异丙肾激发试验LVOTG≥ 5 0mmHg 2 3例HOCM患者 ,施行心肌声学造影指导下的PTSMA术治疗。结果 :2 3例患者PTSMA术均获成功 ,无死亡病例。术后即刻心导管测LVOTG明显下降 ,由术前82 70± 2 5 .91mmHg降至 2 1.2 2± 2 1 95mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1)。术后对 19例病人进行了 3～ 18个月的随访 ,心功能NYHA分级由术前的 3.37± 0 .5 2降到 1.0 7± 0 .2 7(P <0 .0 0 1) ;超声心动图测LVOTG由术前的80 .0 9± 2 6 .5 8降到 2 6 5 5± 2 1 97mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1) ,室间隔厚度由术前的 2 3 86± 3 95mm减到 17 5 4±4 6 3mm(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :PTSMA术治疗HOCM患者的即刻和长期随访效果良好 ,创伤小 ,并发症少     

经皮腔内室间隔无水乙醇消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病急性期疗效评价

目的 :对梗阻性肥厚型心肌病 (HOCM)行经皮腔内室间隔无水乙醇消融术 (PTSMA) ,并应用多普勒超声心动图进行PTSMA治疗前后系列监测 ,初步探讨PTSMA治疗HOCM的安全性及急性期效果。方法 :对8例伴症状性HOCM患者实行PTSMA。多普勒超声心动图分别于术前及术后监测。术中给予第 1或第 2间隔支注射无水乙醇 1.5～ 5 .0ml,同时行左心导管及心电图系列监测。术后急性期连续观察心肌酶谱、心电图 ,测血压 ,检测左室流出道 (LVOT)压差。结果 :①术后并发症 :在PTSMA后 ,5例 (6 2 .5 % )患者发生了束支传导阻滞 ,其中完全性右束支传导阻滞 4例 (5 0 % ) ,均为暂时性阻滞 ;所有患者在出院时束支传导阻滞均已消失 ,无一例安装起搏器。且无一例发生窦性停搏。术后有 2例 (2 5 % )患者出现了低血压 ;8例 (10 0 % )患者均出现了胸痛 ;有 1例患者术后出现了频发室性期前收缩。②LVOT梗阻情况 (压力差的变化 ) :PTSMA后 ,静息时LVOT压力阶差从术前 (4 1.5 8± 13.37)mmHg(1mmHg =0 .133kPa)下降到 (2 4 .0 5± 12 .98)mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )。术前有 6例患者存在收缩期前向运动 (SAM )现象 ,术后有 2例患者SAM现象消失。③左室收缩、舒张功能和左室肥厚 :术前、后患者在室间隔厚度、左室舒张期内径、左室后壁厚度、左房直径、     

经皮经冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效观察

目的评价经皮经冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术（PTSMA）治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HOCM）的近期疗效。方法自1998年8月～1999年11月收治HOCM34例,入选行PTSMA26例。利用Sigwart法行PTSMA,注入96%～99%无水酒精消融间隔支前后记录左室流出道压力阶差变化、心电图变化。在消融前及术后2周通过超声心动图测量室间隔（IVS）厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果术前平均静息左室流出道压力阶差为（72.8±24.6）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）,术中球囊加压后为（30.6±18.5）mmHg,术后为（24.3±17.6）mmHg,差异有显著性（P<0.001）。术前室间隔平均厚度为（23.00±6.03）mm,术后2周为（20.55±5.38）mm。术前左室流出道宽度为（6.54±2.36）mm,术后2周为（11.36±3.37）mm（P<0.01）。术前心功能（NYHA分级）为3.4±0.6,术后2周为1.6±0.8。术后CPK与CPK-Mb峰值分别为（1050±514）U/L与（131±78）U/L。术中及术后可见短阵室速、结性逸搏心律、三度房室传导阻滞及束支传导阻滞。1例发生永久性三度房室传导阻滞,安装永久性双腔起搏器。出现下壁及前壁心肌梗死心电图表现者各1例。结论PTSMA能显著降低左室流出道压力阶差,治疗HOCM的近期疗效可靠,但尚需进一步完善方法,以减少严重并发症发生,并需继续随访其中、远期疗效。     

经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的长期疗效和安全性

目的:观察经皮室间隔化学消融(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的长期疗效和安全性。方法:我院2002-02-2013-12经导管证实有左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)的HOCM患者14例,明确适应证后行PTSMA治疗,观察手术前后LVOTG的变化,并分别于术前、出院时及随访期内行心电图、心脏超声检查。结果:所有入选的患者均成功行PTSMA,平均随访(5.2±3.4)年,术中出现右束支传导阻滞3例,右束支+左前分支传导阻滞1例,左束支传导阻滞1例,一度房室传导阻滞1例,一过性房室阻滞1例,完全性房室阻滞植入起搏器1例,非持续性室性心动过速1例;静息状态下LVOTG由术前的(47.07±36.53)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)下降至术后即刻的(13.3±8.76)mmHg(P0.01)。与术前比较,出院时心脏超声测得的二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)现象比例(78.6%︰21.4%,P0.05)、LVOTG[(45.1±23.6)mmHg︰(25.6±25)mmHg,P0.05]均明显降低;与术前、出院时比较,随访期内心脏超声测得的室间隔(IVS)厚度明显降低[(18.7±2.5)mm、(17.6±2.5)mm︰(14.2±1.3)mm,P0.05];与出院时比较,随访期的LVOTG进一步下降[(25.6±25)mmHg︰(8.8±4.0)mmHg,P0.05];随访期未有新发的传导阻滞出现,无死亡病例。结论:经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病长期疗效明确,且相对安全,但需严格掌握适应证。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮间隔心肌消融术后疗效及一年随访结果

目的　观察经导管室间隔心肌化学消融 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM )的术后即刻和一年后随访结果。方法　分析 15例HOCM患者行PTSMA手术 ,平均随访时间为(9 9± 6 1)个月 ,随访期间患者均接受左室流出道有创压力阶差测定、心肌酶谱和心电图的检查。结果　术后即刻 ,静息时左心室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)由 (83 2± 17 1)mmHg (1mmHg =0 133kPa)下降至 (16 8± 8 9)mmHg ,早搏后从 (137 2± 2 4 5 )mmHg降至 (4 7 2± 16 6 )mmHg ;术后 1年LVOTG与术后即刻差异无显著性。 11例患者术中或术后出现一过性三度房室传导阻滞 (AVB) ,1例需安装永久性起搏器。 9例新发完全性右束支传导阻滞 ,均为持久性。PTSMA术后即刻体表心电图PR间期、QRS波宽、QT间期、QTc间期和QTd显著延长 ,PR间期和QTd增大在术后 1周内持续存在 ,3个月后恢复正常 ;QT间期和QTc间期在术后 1年恢复正常 ,而QRS波宽延长一直延续到术后 1年。结论　PTSMA手术能有效降低HOCM患者左室流出道压力阶差 ,但术中具有一定的危险性 ,需要引起足够的重视。PTSMA术后 1周心肌复极不一致 ,需监护注意室性心律失常的发生。1年后心电图随访结果表明PTSMA术不增加QT间期、QTd和QTc间期 ,提示PTSMA对中期心电学参数无明显影响。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病间隔心肌消融术

目的评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)经皮间隔心肌消融术(PTSMA)后即刻和中期随访结果.方法15例药物治疗效果不佳的HOCM病人在心肌声学造影(MCE)指导下完成PTSMA,并经超声心动图、心电图、同位素心肌灌注显像评价.结果左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)由术前(77.93±22.00)mmHg即刻下降到(14.8±15.0)mmHg(P＜0.0001),左室舒张末压即刻平均下降(5.75±2.87)mmHg(P＜0.0001).平均8.6个月(6～20)随访结果表明心功能(NYHA)显著改善(3.4±0.5比1.1±0.4,P＜0.001),心绞痛症状消失,运动耐量显著提高,血流动力学改善状况稳定.结论PTSMA是HOCM病人治疗有效的非外科手段,中期随访结果令人满意.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮室间隔化学消蚀术的疗效观察

目的:评价经皮经腔室间隔心肌化学消蚀术(PT SMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的近期疗效.方法:对象为2002年4月～2003年12月行PTSMA的HOCM 32例.消融前,术中,术后1月和6月时分别测量室间隔(IVS) 厚度,左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)等指标.结果:超声检测:平均静息 LVOTG术前为85.7±35.4 mmHg,术后即刻,术后1月和6月分别为37.5±16.2 mmHg、26 .8±17.4 mmHg、18.7±12.6 mmHg,差异非常显著(P<0.001);IVS术前平均厚度为28.8±7.1 mmHg,术后1、6月时分别为20.2±7.3 mmHg,13.5±6.5 mmHg(P<0 .01).结论:PTSMA能显著持续降低LVOTG,近期疗效显著、可靠.     

经股动脉左心室起搏预测梗阻性肥厚型心肌病化学消蚀术即刻疗效

目的梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HOCM）猝死率高，经皮室间隔化学消蚀术（PTSMA）和左室心内膜起搏的关系至今未见报道。本文拟探讨左心室心内膜起搏预测HOCM化学消蚀术疗效的价值。方法对静息左心室流出道压力阶差（LVOTG）≥30mmHg和／或激发LVOTG≥50mmHg的HOCM患者进行左心室心内膜起搏，20min后行PTSMA，通过Swan—Ganz导管连续记录有创血流动力学参数及LVOTG，术后临床及超声随访1个月。结果15例患者PTSMA术前室间隔平均厚度为22．07±7．85mm，术后1个月减为17．39±5．79mm（P〈0．01）；术前静息LVOTG为56．02±32．86mmHg，术后1个月降为15．23±6．67mmHg（P〈0．001），术前激发LVOTG为74．87±32．52mmHg，术后1个月降为20．53±12．28mmHg（P〈0．001）。左心室起搏前静息LVOTG为50．40±39．41mmHg，起搏10min后显著减少至26．69±26．30mmHg，P〈0．05；左心室起搏前激发LVOTG为122．53±52．52mmHg，左室起搏10min后降为56．60±43．87mmHg，P〈0．05；经洗脱期行PTSMA后静息LVOTG则减少至13．73±12．45mmHg，与术前比P〈0．05；PTSMA后激发LVOTG为32．80±18．42mmHg，与术前比P〈0．01。其中，左室起搏治疗有效10例，无效5例；PTSMA治疗有效12例，无效3例。统计分析显示两种方法疗效显著相关（相关系数Kappa值=0．842，P=0．001）。结论左室心内膜起搏和PTSMA治疗HOCM疗效密切相关，提示PTSMA术前行左室心内膜起搏可预测其疗效。     

经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病临床分析

目的分析经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗药物难治的肥厚性梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)术中术后左室流出道压差(LVOTG)、心律失常、心肌酶谱的变化和机制。方法15例经心脏彩色多普勒诊断为HOCM的药物治疗无效的病人拟行PTSMA治疗,13例病人(男7例,女6例)接受了PTSMA治疗。无水酒精消融前后导管测量LVOTG,术后心电监护72小时,6-8小时检查一次心肌酶谱,术后一周复查心脏彩色多普勒。结果13例病人中,3例(23.1%)术后即刻LVOTG消失,6例(46.2%)术后即刻LVOTG<30mmHg,2例(15.4%)术后即刻LVOTG下降>50%,1例(7.7%)LVOTG下降<50%。手术前后平均静息LVOTG77.0±38.8mmHgVS21.4±16.3mmHg,P<0.001。CRBBB发生率为46.2%,消融第一间隔支者CRBBB发生率为57.1%,第二间隔支者为33.3%,前者CRBBB的发生率略高,但无显著差异(P=0.645);心肌酶谱CK-MB峰值与术后即刻LVOTG下降幅度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论PTSMA治疗HOCM病人近期疗效显著且并发症少,是一个很有前景的治疗手段。     

经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病两年疗效观察

目的　评价经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的中期疗效。方法　 1 998年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 0月 1 1 9名HOCM患者入选行PTSMA ,其中 34例随访近 2(2± 0 5)年。在消融术前及术后半年 (5～ 7个月 )至 2年行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果　 34例术后 2年随访平均室间隔厚度 (1 6 1± 4 8)mm ,[术前 (2 3 9± 6 0 )mm ,术后半年(1 8 8± 4 1 )mm] ,平均左室流出道宽度 (1 5 1± 5 3)mm ,术前 [(6 6± 2 3)mm ,术后半年 (1 2 1± 3 3)mm]。结论　PTSMA能显著降低室间隔厚度 ,增加左室流出道的宽度 ,随着时间延长疗效逐渐增加。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.