Color Doppler flow imaging appearance of a popliteal venous aneurysm.

Popliteal venous aneurysms are rare lesions that usually become evident when thrombus from within the aneurysm embolizes to the lungs. The authors report an unusual case in which the patient presented without thromboembolic complications. The appearance of a popliteal venous aneurysm at color Doppler flow imaging is described.     

下肢深静脉血栓病变的彩色多普勒血流显像

目的：探讨彩色多普勒技术在下肢深静脉血栓病变中的显像特征及诊断价值。方法：对28条经X线血管造影确诊为深静脉血栓的患肢进行探测，对所获得的影像资料进行分析，并与血管造影结果进行对照。结果：超声所显示的血栓存在部位与造影相符，血栓的形态、阻塞情况各不相同，显示的彩色多普勒血流状况及测值亦不相同。结论：与有创的X线造影相比较，CDFI具有无创、实时、安全可靠的特点，是诊断下肢深静脉血栓病变的较为理想的方法。     

Color Doppler flow imaging

The performance requirements and operational parameters of a color Doppler system are outlined. The ability of an operator to recognize normal and abnormal variations in physiologic flow and artifacts caused by noise and aliasing is emphasized. The use of color Doppler flow imaging is described for the vessels of the neck and extremities, upper abdomen and abdominal transplants, obstetrics and gynecology, dialysis fistulas, and testicular and penile flow imaging.     

Upper extremity venous Doppler ultrasound

Ultrasound is the initial imaging modality of choice when evaluating the upper extremity venous system. When sonographic findings are equivocal or nondiagnostic, particularly in evaluating the central deep veins, MR venography or catheter venography correlation may be helpful. Ultrasound provides an accurate, rapid, low-cost, portable, noninvasive method for screening, mapping, and surveillance of the upper extremity venous system.     

彩色多普勒超声联合D-二聚体对周围型下肢深静脉血栓筛查的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDUL)联合D-二聚体检测对周围型下肢深静脉血栓的筛查价值。方法对1821例下肢深静脉血栓的高危患者行下肢深静脉CDUL检查及D-二聚体的检测。分别计算CDUL、血浆D-二聚体浓度水平检测以及二者联合对高危人群中周围型下肢深静脉血栓形成的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及Kappa值。结果CDUL诊断周围型下肢深静脉血栓形成的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、Kappa值为95.8%、94.5%、88.2%、98.1%、0.881。血浆D-二聚体浓度检测诊断周围型下肢深静脉血栓形成的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、Kappa值为85.2%、95.6%、89.3%、93.8%、0.818。二者联合诊断周围型下肢深静脉血栓形成的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、Kappa值为98.0%、100.0%、100.0%、99.1%、0.986。CDUL联合D-二聚体检测与单独行D-二聚体检测及CDUL检查的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论CDUL检查联合血清D-二聚体检测对筛查周围型下肢深静脉血栓有较高的诊断准确率,具有较高的临床价值。     

Color Doppler ultrasound of the normal testis

Color Doppler ultrasound with point spectral analysis was performed on 30 testes of 15 asymptomatic volunteers. Intratesticular arteries and testicular capsular arteries were imaged in all 30 cases. Waveforms from these vessels were similar and consistently showed a low-impedance pattern with high levels of diastolic flow. This reflects the low vascular resistance of the testis. Supratesticular arteries were also identified in all 30 cases. In addition to the low-impedance-type waveforms from the testicular artery, waveforms obtained in the supratesticular region also originated from the deferential and/or cremasteric arteries. This resulted in some waveforms with high-impedance patterns, reflecting the high vascular resistance of the epididymis and peritesticular tissues. We believe that color Doppler ultrasound is capable of reliably showing the normal testicular arterial anatomy by imaging intraarterial blood flow. Knowledge of the normal color Doppler appearance and waveform characteristics of the testicular artery should aid in diagnosing scrotal conditions that alter blood flow.     

胎盘早剥彩色多普勒超声诊断的临床价值

本文回顾性分析我院2003年9月~2005年10月间,经剖宫产后或阴道分娩后被临床及病理证实的69例胎盘早剥的声像图特征并进行分类总结,旨在进一步提高诊断水平。1材料与方法1.1一般资料69例,年龄21~42岁,孕龄20~41周。其中孕20~25周10例,26~31周17例,31~37周15例,孕38周以上27例;阴道流血伴腹痛、腹坠胀感,甚至持续性剧痛41例,阴道流血腹部无不适11例,腹胀痛无阴道流血12例,无明显临床症状5例;中重度妊高症37例(其中胎儿宫内窘迫30例),有外伤史2例,胎膜早破6例,前置胎盘2例,脐带过长(脐带绕颈3圈)1例,无明显诱因21例;活婴59例,死胎10例。1.2方法…     

Color Doppler imaging of portosystemic shunts

This study was designed to investigate the utility of color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of portosystemic shunts. Thirty-one patients with a total of 32 shunts were imaged. The types of shunts examined included portacaval, five; mesocaval, eight; distal splenorenal (Warren), 14; and mesoatrial, five. Sonography was performed without knowledge of the status of the shunt, although the type of shunt was known before beginning the study. The sonographic studies were evaluated to determine their sensitivity and specificity on the basis of a prospective comparison with angiography or MR imaging (22 cases). The possible advantages of color Doppler over duplex Doppler sonography in evaluating portosystemic shunts were also investigated, as was the ability of color Doppler sonography to image specifically the shunt anastomoses. Color Doppler sonography successfully inferred shunt patency (17 cases) or thrombosis (five cases) in all 22 shunts for which correlative imaging was available (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%). In comparing duplex with color Doppler sonography in all 32 shunts, the two techniques were almost equally effective in establishing patency in portacaval, mesocaval, and mesoatrial shunts. Duplex Doppler sonography, however, provided useful diagnostic information in only four of 14 splenorenal shunts. Color Doppler correctly inferred patency or thrombosis in all 14. Among all 32 shunts, the anastomosis was shown clearly by color Doppler in 23, probably in four, and not all in five. Our results suggest that color Doppler sonography is an excellent method for the evaluation of all varieties of surgically created portosystemic shunts. In particular, color Doppler sonography appears to be superior to duplex Doppler sonography in imaging splenorenal communications.     

80例颈部淋巴结彩色多普勒超声显像及病理基础

从 1998～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我们观察了 35例 82个颈部正常淋巴结与 80例 12 0个颈部肿大淋巴结的超声表现及病理检查结果 ,报告如下。1　资料和方法　正常对照组为无相关疾病的健康查体人员 ,年龄 13～ 5 9岁 ,平均 35岁。 80例颈部淋巴结肿大患者均为我院住院或门诊病人。全部病例经彩色多普勒检查 ,在超声引导下穿刺活检或术后病理检查证实。采用美国百胜Ａｕ - 3彩色多普勒诊断仪 ,线阵探头 ,频率 7 5～ 10ＭＨｚ ,具有彩色血流显像 (ＣＤＦＩ) ,多普勒显像功能。对颈部肿大淋巴结测量最大长径Ｌ及短径Ｓ ,观察淋巴内部回声及血流情况 ,测量…     

彩色多普勒超声对男性乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨男性乳腺癌的超声特点。方法:回顾本院10例男性乳腺癌的声像图特点。结果:男性乳腺癌的发病部位、形态、边界、内部及后方回声、与周围组织的相对活动度、血流等,有一定特点。结论:综合分析二维图像的各个指标及彩色血流情况,对男性乳腺癌的诊断有很大意义。     

应用彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓形成的临床意义

目的分析下肢静脉血栓形成的彩色多普勒超声影像学特征,评价其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析67例经彩色多普勒超声检查的下肢静脉血栓患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 67例患者中,彩色多普勒超声诊断急性血栓34例,亚急性血栓23例,慢性血栓10例,各期血栓超声影像学表现均具有一定的特征性。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓具有安全、无创、准确性高、可多次复查等优点,对于确定治疗方案及预后具有重要的临床意义。     

肉芽肿性乳腺炎的超声诊断

目的 探讨肉芽肿性乳腺炎的声像图特征.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对15例经病理证实的肉芽肿性乳腺炎的病灶进行观察.结果 在病变区测及边界不清、形态不规整、内部不均质的病灶,15例病灶内均见血流信号.结论 二维超声与彩色多普勒相结合,有助于对肉芽肿性乳腺炎的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

彩色多普勒超声和二维超声诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

目的:评价彩色多普勒超声和二维超声在诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RAL)中的应用价值。方法:应用二维超声、彩色多普勒血流图(CDFI),检测26例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。结果:二维超声显示26例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,分四型,高回声型,低回声型,无回声型,混合回声型,20个肿瘤彩色多普勒血流图其内可显示血流信号,6个肿瘤其内未显示血流信号。结论:彩色多普勒超声有助于对RAL的诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声与MR诊断乳腺病变的临床价值分析

目的：比较彩色多普勒超声、磁共振动态增强对乳腺病变的临床诊断价值。方法收集经手术与病理证实的95例同时做过超声与M R的101个乳腺病灶,对其二维声像图及CDFI特点与磁共振动态增强影像学表现,对照病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果彩色多普勒与MR动态增强扫描对乳腺良恶性病变定性诊断准确率分别为：超声良性病变诊断正确率73．3％,恶性病灶诊断正确率87．3％;M R良性病变诊断正确率84．3％,恶性病灶诊断正确率92．7％。95个患者共检出101处病灶,其中乳腺癌67例,占66％;纤维瘤23例,占23％,炎性肉芽肿4例,占4％;分叶状肿瘤2例,占2％;囊腺瘤1例,占1％;乳头状瘤4例,占4％。结论超声检查诊断准确性高,适用于乳腺疾病的常规检查;MR空间分辨力及软组织分辨力高,适用于超声检查难以定性的病变及乳腺癌的术前评估。     

Color Doppler flow imaging of liver tumors

A differential diagnosis of liver tumors was attempted on the basis of the pattern of blood flow within and around tumors on color Doppler flow images. The study comprised 35 patients with liver mass lesions: 20 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma, six had hemangiomas, four had metastatic liver cancers, one had cholangiocellular carcinoma, one had focal fatty liver, and three had liver cysts. A basket pattern (a fine blood-flow network surrounding the tumor nodule) was observed in 15 (75%) of the 20 hepatocellular carcinomas. An image of vessels within the tumor (blood flow that runs into and branches within the tumor) was observed in 13 (65%) of the 20 hepatocellular carcinomas. These two findings were observed only in hepatocellular carcinomas; even when the tumor was smaller than 2 cm in diameter, these findings were observed frequently. In the patients with multiple hepatic metastases, a "detour" pattern (a dilated portal vein meandering around the tumor nodules) was observed. In three of the six hemangiomas, a "spot" pattern (color-stained dots or patches in the central region of the tumor) was seen. Our experience suggests that hepatocellular carcinomas have a characteristic appearance on color Doppler flow images.     

Color Doppler imaging of the iliofemoral region

Color Doppler imaging has been used to evaluate a variety of abnormalities in the iliofemoral region. This pictorial essay demonstrates how use of color Doppler techniques aids in the diagnoses of iliofemoral pseudoaneurysms, fluid collections, aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas and malformations, venous thrombosis, vascular grafts, and soft-tissue masses including tumors and benign lymphadenopathy.     

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt: diagnosis by colour/power Doppler imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt, considered to be a rare disease, can lead to hepatic encephalopathy. With recent advances in diagnostic imaging techniques, the number of reports of intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts identified incidentally in patients without symptoms are increasing. We report an intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt that was diagnosed incidentally by real-time ultrasound and colour Doppler imaging, including the use of three-dimensional ultrasound using minimum intensity projections and power Doppler.     

Color Doppler imaging of the hepatic vasculature.

Duplex sonography added a new dimension to real-time sonographic imaging and can be used to characterize flow dynamics. Unfortunately, duplex sonography also has significant drawbacks, most of which are the result of the limited sampling ability of pulse-gated technology and the inability to provide a global display of Doppler information. Sonographic imaging of intraabdominal vessels has improved markedly with the advent of color Doppler techniques. This article reviews the use of color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of hepatic vessels. The complementary role of Doppler spectral analysis is also considered.     

结核性腹膜炎158例彩色多普勒超声诊断分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断结核性腹膜炎的临床价值。方法对158例结核性腹膜炎患者,采用低频与高频彩色超声及血流显像、多普勒频谱功能综合检查分析。结果彩色多普勒超声诊断符合率94.1%,其中腹水148例(93.6%);腹膜增厚136例(86.1%);淋巴结肿大110例(69.6%);团块75例(47.5%)。结论彩色多普勒超声可作为结核性腹膜炎的首选检查方法。