PLA-PEG-PLA的微波合成及其磁性载药微球的表征、释药性

目的 采用微波法合成PLA-PEG-PLA,并以该嵌段共聚物为基质制备ASA/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球和ASA-Fe3O4/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球,考察磁性载药微球和非磁性载药微球的药物缓释性能.方法 通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁(NMR)对微波法合成的PLA-PEG-PLA的微观结构进行了表征分析.采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备了ASA/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球,通过正交设计实验优选载药微球的最佳制备条件,在此基础上利用单微乳法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子制备了ASA-Fe3O4/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)对Fe3O4纳米粒子进行微观结构表征和性能分析.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对制备的载药微球进行了微观结构的表征和分析.结果 微波法合成的PLA-PEG-PLA是一种三嵌段共聚物.载药微球呈规则球形,表面光滑,粒径分布较均匀,平均粒径约为20μm.体外模拟释药试验表明ASA/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球和ASA-Fe3O4/PLA-PEG-PLA载药微球24h释药率分别为69.16％和100％.结论 以微波法合成的PLA-PEG-PLA作为药物载体具有明显的缓释作用.ASA-Fe3O4/PLA-PEG-PLA磁性载药微球比ASA/PLA-PEG-PLA非磁性载药微球具有较快的药物释放速率.     

胸腺肽聚乳酸微球的制备和释药性能研究

用乳化溶剂挥发法制备胸腺肽聚乳酸微球，Lowry法测定药物含量。结果表明，按优化处方制得的微球平均粒径为13-8um，平均包封率为80．7％，前12h的体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程，t1/2为295min。在25和40℃放置90d，微球的粒径分布和剩余药量无显著性变化。     

替硝唑聚乳酸微球的制备及其体外释药性能

目的：采用聚乳酸[poly（DL-lactide）]制备替硝唑微球。方法：考察分散递质明胶溶液的浓度、油相中聚乳酸的浓度、投药比和搅拌速度等因素的影响，应用正交实验优选最佳制备工艺条件。结果：替硝唑聚乳酸微球的最佳制备工艺稳定、重复性好，微球表面圆整，粒径分布均匀，微球平均粒径为30．2μm，平均载药量为6．7％，平均包封率为64．5％。该微球在14d的药物累积释放率达81．2％。结论：替硝唑聚乳酸微球缓释时间长达14d，用于牙周炎的治疗是有效的。     

甲睾酮聚乳酸微球的制备及其释药性能研究

目的制备甲睾酮聚乳酸微球,研究其体外释药过程。方法采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备甲睾酮聚乳酸微球;以0.25%SDS-5%乙醇(pH3.4)为释放介质,采用高效液相色谱法测定甲睾酮聚乳酸微球的体外释药量。结果甲睾酮聚乳酸微球开始释药较快,存在一定突释效应,随后以缓慢的方式释药,可用双相动力学方程100-R=35.77e0.1321t+63.91e7.372E-4t描述。结论制成的甲睾酮聚乳酸微球具有明显的缓释作用。     

干扰素-α微球的制备及其体外释药性能研究

目的:通过正交设计试验优化干扰素-a聚乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物微球的制备工艺,并考察其体外释药性能.方法:采用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备干扰素微球,通过L9(3)4正交试验设计优选微球最佳制备工艺条件,并对制备工艺的重现性、微球的性质及体外释药性能进行了考察.结果:干扰素微球的最佳制备工艺稳定、重现性好,微球的形态圆整,粒度分布均匀,平均粒径为10.71μm,干扰素被证明包裹在微球中,载药量为8.06%,包封率为36.97%.干扰素微球在61 h的累积释药量约为86%,t1/2为10.8 h.结论:本研究获得了较满意的干扰素微球制备工艺,其体外释药性能符合长效制剂特征.     

肺靶向利福平聚乳酸微球的体外释药性能

本文以０．９％氯化钠的水溶液为释放介质，对利福平聚乳酸微球的体外释药进行了研究。结果表明，微球在最初１０ｍｉｎ有突释效应，此后累积释药量与时间平方根之间呈线性关系。分别考察了微球大小、聚乳酸浓度、微球含药量、制备微球时在甘油中的分散时间和在明胶水溶液中的扩散时间等因素对微球释药性能的影响。     

盐酸乙胺丁醇微球的制备及体外释药性能

目的 :研究肺靶向性盐酸乙胺丁醇微球的制备和体外释药性能。方法 :采用乳化 热固化法制备微球 ,并对其形态学 ,载药量 ,体外释药等性能进行了研究。结果 :微球粒径在 12～ 42 μm ,载药量为 :(2 1.2 4± 0 .36 ) % (n =5 ) ,体外释药试验结果显示 ,盐酸乙胺丁醇微球体外释药符合Higuichi方程。 结论 :本法制得的盐酸乙胺丁醇微球具有缓释性。     

顺铂聚乳酸微球的制备及体外释药

以聚乳酸为载体，用溶剂挥发法制得顺铂聚乳酸微球。选择聚乙二酵浓度、油／水相体积比、聚乳酸浓度、乳化时间、理论载药量5个因素，每个因素选择5个水平，用均匀设计安排实验。并以微球表面形态、粒径大小及分布、载药量、包封率为指标优化微球的制备工艺。按优化条件制得的微球算术平均径为48．62μm，载药量为15．1％，包封率为50．1％，体外释放符合一级动力学方程。     

聚乳酸载药微球的制备及应用研究进展

目的介绍聚乳酸载药微球的研究情况。方法查阅数据库相关文献,较全面介绍了聚乳酸载药微球的制备方法及应用现状。结果聚乳酸载药微球具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、靶向性和控释性,在目前应用中还存在一些问题。结论聚乳酸载药微球在药学领域有着广阔的发展前景。     

载羟基喜树碱聚乳酸微球的制备与体外释药研究

目的:研究载羟基喜树碱的聚乳酸微球的制备方法并考察其体外释药性质。方法:以PLA为成膜材料,采用改良乳化-溶剂挥发法,制备载羟基喜树碱的聚乳酸微球并优化制备工艺;对载药微球进行表征;超声介导下进行载药微球的体外释药试验。结果:微球粒径在1～7μm,大小均一;羟基喜树碱浓度在10mg.mL-1下,载药微球包封率为62.2%,载药量为1.69%;药物体外释药符合Higuchi方程。结论:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法,以PLA为成膜材料可制得具有较高包封率的羟基喜树碱微球,有望实现降低羟基喜树碱给药量、减少不良反应,提高靶向性的目标。     

影响聚酯微球中药物释放的因素

聚酯材料因其原料易得、容易加工、生物相容性好、具有可生物降解性等优点,已经成为当今药物载体材料中的一大研究热点。现综合国内外的有关报道对可生物降解聚酯材料作为药物载体制备微球制剂的研究进展进行了综述。针对目前限制聚酯材料微球制剂临床应用存在的问题,从聚合物、药物、制备工艺、附加剂、辐射灭菌5个方面对影响聚乳酸(PLA)和聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)缓释微球中药物释放的因素进行了重点介绍,为研究聚酯微球中药物的释放提供思路。     

Preparation,Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of 1- and 4-Month Controlled Release Orntide PLA and PLGA Microspheres

Purpose. To prepare, characterize and evaluate in vitro sustained delivery formulations for a novel LHRH antagonist, Orntide acetate, using biodegradable microspheres (ms). Methods. Poly(d,l-lactide) (PLA) and poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were characterized for molecular weight (M_w, M_n) using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and content of free end carboxyl groups (acid number, AN) by a titration method. 1- and 4-month Orntide ms were prepared by a dispersion / solvent extraction / evaporation process and characterized for drug content (HPLC), bulk density (tapping method), particle size (laser diffraction method), surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), and structural integrity of encapsulated peptide by Fourier Transform Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption mass spectrometry (FT-MALDI). Peptide binding to PLA and PLGA and non-specific adsorption to blank ms was studied in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (PB) and 0.1 M acetate buffer pH 4.0 (AB). In vitro release of peptide was assessed in PB and AB. Results. M_w for the PLGA copolymers varied from 10,777 to 31,281 Da and was 9,489 Da for PLA. AN was between 4.60 and 15.1 for the hydrophilic resomers and 0.72 for the hydrophobic 50:50 PLGA copolymer. Spherical ms (3.9 μ to 14 μ in diameter) with mostly non-porous surface and varying degree of internal porosity were prepared. FT-MALDI mass spectra of the extracted peptide showed that the encapsulation process did not alter its chemical structure. Peptide binding to PLGA and PLA and non-specific adsorption to blank PLGA ms were dependent upon pH and were markedly higher in PB than in AB. The initial in vitro release in PB varied from 0.5 to 26%/24 h but due to substantial binding of the peptide to the polymeric matrix the long-term release in PB could not be determined. Application of a dialysis method allowed for a more accurate determination of in vitro release and a good total drug recovery. Conclusions. Orntide acetate was successfully incorporated into PLA and PLGA ms and the 1- and 4-month in vitro release profiles were achieved by polymer selection and optimization of the manufacturing parameters.     

不同封端的PLGA/PLA-醋酸曲普瑞林微球的制备及体内外评价

目的考察微球载体材料聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid,PLGA)和聚乳酸(poly(D,L-lactide acid),PLA)的不同封端基团对于包载醋酸曲普瑞林(triptorelin acetate,TA)微球的形态、粒径、包封率、体外释放行为以及体内药效学的影响。方法使用复乳化-溶剂挥发法制备包载TA的PLGA和PLA微球;用扫描电镜观察微球的形态,用激光粒度测定仪测定微球的粒径;建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)用于TA包封率及体外释放度的测定;采用酶联-免疫吸附法考察了微球经肌肉注射后对正常雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠血浆睾酮浓度的影响。结果制备得到的微球形态为球形或类球形,平均粒径约为30μm。PLGA和PLA,尤其是PLGA,其分子末端基团对TA的包封率和体外释放速率均有影响。酯封端的PLGA微球的包封率显著高于酸封端的微球,而酯封端的释放速度要慢于酸封端。体内药效学实验结果显示,大鼠体内睾酮水平在注射微球后两个小时达到峰值,之后逐渐下降,不同微球之间无显著性差异。结论不同封端结尾的PLGA和PLA对微球形态、包封率和体外释药速率有显著影响,但对正常大鼠体内睾酮水平的影响没有显著性差异。     

2-脱氧葡萄糖聚乳酸微球的制备及其体外释药性能的研究

目的采用W/O/O乳化溶剂挥发法制备2-脱氧葡萄糖聚乳酸微球(2-Deoxyglucoseloadedpoly(DL-lactide)microspheres,2DG-PLA-MS),并研究其体外释药性能。方法考察3个因素(即投药比、水丙酮体积比和丙酮液体石蜡体积比)对微球的粒径、载药量和包封率的影响,应用正交实验优选最佳制备工艺条件。结果2DG-PLA-MS的制备工艺稳定,重复性好,微球表面圆整,粒径分布均匀,微球平均粒径45μm,平均载药量为42.41%,平均包封率为72.63%。该微球在14d的药物累积释放率达82.96%。结论2DG-PLA-MS具有明显的缓慢释放作用,能够实现延长药物作用时间、减少给药次数、降低药用剂量和减少不良反应等作用。     

Influence of morphology and drug distribution on the release process of FITC-dextran-loaded microspheres prepared with different types of PLGA

The aim of the present work was to understand the collaborative roles and the comprehensive effects of polymer nature, morphology, drug distribution and release behaviour for PLGA microspheres prepared by the double emulsion method. The morphology and drug distribution of the FITC-dextran-loaded microspheres were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively. The results show that the morphology and release profiles depend on the polymer nature. For the capped PLGA RG502, the porosity, pore size and drug distribution had no pronounced influence on the release profile beyond the initial release. No significant changes in size and morphology were found and there was negligible water uptake during the release process. PEG addition as a pore maker indicated a possible way to modify the release rate at the second release stage. However, in the case of the uncapped PLGA RG503H, release profiles were dependent upon changes in porosity, pore size and drug loading. Increases in porosity, internal pore size and loading resulted in a continuous release profile. Previous studies have shown the importance of different process parameters on morphology and drug release, but in this work it is clear that polymer nature is a determining factor.     

布比卡因缓释微球的制备及体外释药特性评价

目的研究布比卡因缓释微球制备方法并对其体外释药特性进行评价。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定布比卡因微球载药量、包封率;采用HPLC法测定微球体外释放;通过正交设计优选微球制备工艺;以乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物为载体,使用乳化溶剂挥发法制备布比卡因微球;用扫描电镜观察所得微球的粒径和形态;通过体外释药实验考察布比卡因乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物微球的缓释作用。结果微球载药量、包封率和体外释放的测定方法符合方法学要求;按照优选处方制备所得的微球为圆整球体,表面多孔,呈蜂窝状,粒径50~100μm之间的微球占80%;体外释放符合Ritger-Peppas方程,t1/2=242.05 h。结论乳化溶剂挥发法适用于布比卡因乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备,所制得的微球形态圆整,在体外具有明显缓释作用。     

Preparation,characterization, in vitro drug release and anti-inflammatory of thymoquinone-loaded chitosan nanocomposite

In this study, we formulated Thymoquinone-loaded nanocomposites (TQ-NCs) using high-pressure homogenizer without sodium tripolyphosphate. The TQ-NCs were characterized and their anti-inflammatory determined by the response of the LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. The physicochemical properties of TQ-NC were determined using different machines. TQ was fully incorporated in the highly thermal stable nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed rapid release of TQ in the acidic medium of the gastric juice. In medium of pH 6.8, TQ-NC exhibited sustained release of TQ over a period of 100 h. The results suggest that TQ-NC nanoparticles have potential application as parenterally administered therapeutic compound. TQ-NC effectively reduce production of inflammatory cytokines by the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that they have anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, TQ-NC nanoparticles have the characteristics of efficient carrier for TQ and an effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic compound.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan microspheres for controlled release of synthetic oligopeptide derived from BMP-2

The localized and temporally controlled release of growth factors is key to achieving optimal clinical efficacy. To achieve sustained delivery of a novel bone-induced growth factor, chitosan microspheres loaded with synthetic oligopeptide (S^[PO4]KIPKASSVPTELSAISTLYLDDD, P24) were prepared by an emulsion-ionic cross-linking method in the presence of tripolyphosphate, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a control. Both microspheres containing oligopeptide or BSA were of spherical shape with size ranging from 10–60 µm. The encapsulation efficiency was usually higher than 80% and the loading capacity was affected by initial protein dosage. From the release experiments, it was found that both proteins were slowly released from the microspheres over 7 days in a PBS solution (pH 7.4), in which the release rate of oligopeptide was much lower than that of BSA. Released oligopeptide was demonstrated to possess biological activity as evidenced by stimulation of rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in vitro. These results indicate that the TPP-chitosan microspheres loaded with synthetic oligopeptide may possess potential application in bone tissue engineering.     

Preparation and In vitro / In vivo characterization of spray dried microsphere formulation encapsulating 4-chlorocurcumin

The objective of the present study was to prepare and characterize in vitro and in vivo performance of a sustained release microsphere formulation of 4-chlorocurcumin, a novel curcumin analogue. A spray dried technique with ethylcellulose as the polymer was used in the preparation of these microspheres. Microspheres were characterized for drug content, particle size and shape, in vitro drug release and the drug-polymer interaction. To assess in vivo performance, both pharmacokinetics and hepatoprotective activity were investigated. Results were compared with an equivalent i.v. solution. The microspheres of 4-chlorocurcumin with ethylcellulose were successfully prepared using a spray-dried technique. These microspheres were able to sustain the release of the drug both in vitro as well as in vivo. Microspheres offered better pharmacokinetic and hepatoprotective properties to the drug compared to its solution form.