维生素A、维生素A醇、胡萝卜素和癌症的预防

《英国医学杂志》第281卷第6246期(1980年)第957页报道:最近实验证明约有半数的癌可能与饮食有关,食物和饮料综合因素的构成是较之吸烟为更重要的致癌危险因素。脂肪的总摄取量和乳癌、结肠癌发生率之间的密切联系,以及实验证实降低能量的摄入能明显地减少动物肿瘤的发生率,这是癌症和饮食之间的两个重要因素。第三个因素是积累了许多证据证实了维生素A与癌     

椎管注射T、A、T、用于对T、A、T、过敏患者的免疫学依据(摘要)

本文对T. A. T. (Tetenus Antitoxon,破伤风抗毒素)治疗破伤风的免疫机制进行了阐述,讨论了对T. A. T.过敏者椎管给药的可能性,认为有可能达治疗目的又避免变态反应。目前对过敏破伤风患者中和毒素的方法尚有:1.注射破伤风免疫球蛋白,此药不     

A、V综合征的手术治疗

A、V 综合征即上、下不相称的水平性斜视(Vertical-Noncomitant-HorizontalStrabismus)、“三角形综合征”(TriangleSyndrome)、“反三角形综合征”(lnverseTriangle Syndrome)。它是根据眼向水平位上、下各转25~0～30~0时,两眼在这二个方向上与原眼位共转斜或继发共转斜的斜视度明显不同,呈“A”或“V”字母形状而命名的。可分别称之为内斜视A 或V 和外斜视A 或V 征。内、外斜视V 征要在上、下转25~0～30~0时,内、外斜视度数与原眼位表现的内、外斜视度数相差15~Δ(约9~0);A 征要差10~Δ(约6~0)以上,构成病理性者,可以手术矫正。如果把它当做一般的共转性水平性斜视手术,效果是不会理想的。A、V 综合征手术方法有内、外直肌手术,上、下直肌手术,上、下斜肌手术等。自1980年3月至1982年底我科用上述方法矫正A、V 综合征20例。现报告如下。     

内皮素、一氧化氮、强啡肽A与肝硬化的关系

目的：探讨内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、强啡肽Ａ在肝硬化腹水形成中的作用。方法：应用放射免疫分析法及荧光法测定５６例肝硬化伴腹水，４８例经无腹水及４０例正常对照的血浆ＥＴ－１、ＮＯ、ＤｙｎＡ的含量，结果：肝硬化伴腹水、肝化无腹水及正常组中ＥＴ－１的含量分别为９３．７３±４５．３８．７６．５２±１５．７４ｎｇ／ｌ，ＮＯ的含量分别为２６．６１±１１．２，２２．８２±８．９、１９．２１±６．     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者血脂、载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ水平

本文比较了冠心病病人(CHD)、非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病病人(NIDD)、NIDD合并CHD病人及正常对照组的血脂、Apo AI、A Ⅱ水平。Logistic回归分析表明,主要是TC的升高与Apo AI水平的降低对冠心病的发生有较密切的关系。与正常对照相比,LDL-C/Apo AI可较其它脂代谢指标更敏感地反映NIDD患者的脂代谢紊乱。无论是血脂,ApoAI、AII还是HbA_2都不能作为区别NIDD与NIDD合并CHD患者的指标。Apo AI、AII与HbA_1、糖尿病病程之间无相关。     

A2、A3型股骨粗隆间骨折DHS、DCS内固定的评价

目的研究股骨粗隆间骨折应用动力髋螺钉(DHS)和动力髁螺钉(DCS)两种内固定物对不同类型骨折的固定效果,探讨其最佳适应范围,以提高疗效,减少并发症的发生。方法118例患者119侧股骨粗隆间骨折按AO分型,对采用DHS、DCS内固定患者的临床资料及疗效进行分析总结。结果A2型48侧,DHS固定28侧,DCS固定20侧,其中DHS固定者6侧发生主钉切出和髋内翻,4侧内固定松动;A3型36侧,DHS固定16侧,DCS固定20侧,其中DHS固定者4侧发生主钉切出和髋内翻,4侧内固定松动;DCS固定者均预后良好,未出现并发症。结论A2型、A3型以DCS固定者疗效较好,DHS固定易出现并发症,影响疗效,应慎重选择。     

180 Sibiricoside A、B、D、E的中文译名之我见

这4个天然化合物在《中华本草》中译名为西伯利亚蓼苷A、B、D、E[1].张高安等[2]据此将neosibiricoside A、B、C、D译为新西伯利亚蓼苷A、B、C、D.这些译名值得商榷.     

直肠癌引起A、B、O血型变异

人的ABO血型终生不变众所周知,然在个别癌症及白血病患者,血型偶可发生变异,国内外已有数列报导。我院于1982年收治直肠癌引起血型变异一例,报告如下。患者:女,61岁,汉族,沈阳市人,因便血及排便困难消瘦3-4个月,于1982年11月8日入院。入院全身检查大致正常。肛诊膝肘位见肛缘内2cm于7点至2点处菜花状肿物。有触痛,指诊出血。肝功能心电图、血象检查正常。诊断“直肠肛管癌”同月18日行直肠根治术人造肛门。病理诊断“直肠腺癌”。术中,输血查血型A型,交叉凝集试验,主次侧均无凝集。(此患十多年前因献血在沈医查为“A”型)。术中输A型血910ml,无任何反应。病人一般状况好。于1983年1月4日出院。术后两个月为化疗再入院,因贫血输“A”型血,交叉配血,次侧出现凝集反应。复查血为“AB”型。因与前不符未敢输血,化疗后出院。1983年7月8日再次化疗。因贫血,化疗前给血,     

介绍一种简便、快速、大量制备人血清载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ及其抗血清的方法

采用80ml的PC管一次性超速离心分离入血清极低密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白;用DEAE-52离子交换柱层析同时纯化载脂蛋白AI(ApoAl)、AII(ApoAII)。经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定ApoAI分子量27000u(原子质量单位)、ApoAII18000u(原子质量单位)。经SDS-PAGE,双向免疫扩散及免疫电泳证实其为纯品。采用上述抗原免疫新西兰白兔制备的抗ApoAI、抗ApoAII血清经双向免疫扩散,免疫电泳证实为单价抗备清。这种分离提纯ApoAI、ApoAII的方法具有简便、快速、价廉、适于大量制备等优点。     

激活素A、抑制素A与子痫前期发病的研究进展

激活素A(activin A)和抑制素A(inhibin A)均为二聚体糖蛋白,属于转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)超家族。妊娠期间,主要来源于胎儿-胎盘单位,对胎盘滋养细胞的分化和浸润功能有明显的调节作用。近来发现,激活素A和抑制素A可能在子痫前期发病中起重要作用,本文就其研究进展简要综述。     

视黄酸对培养的HepG2细胞分泌载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅢ及E的影响

目的　探讨视黄酸在脂蛋白代谢中的作用。方法　采用冻干浓缩培养液载脂蛋白 RID测定法 ,分别观察 4种不同浓度的视黄酸对培养的人肝癌细胞系 Hep G2细胞载脂蛋白 ( apo) A 、A 、C 、B10 0及 E分泌的影响。结果　视黄酸对 Hep G2细胞 apo A 、A 、B10 0及 C 的分泌均有促进作用 ,对 apo E的分泌则有抑制作用。在本研究条件下 ,当视黄酸的浓度为 2× 10 - 4 m ol/ L时 ,其对 Hep G2细胞 apo分泌的影响作用最大 ,此时apo A 、A 、B10 0和 C 的分泌分别增加 14.3% ( P<0 .0 1)、2 3.8% ( P<0 .0 5 )、16 .1% ( P<0 .0 1)、47.6 % ( P<0 .0 1) ,而 apo E的分泌减少 37.2 % ( P<0 .0 1)。结论　视黄酸对 Hep G2细胞 apo A 、A 、C 、B10 0及 E的分泌有不同的影响     

胰岛素对培养的人肝癌细胞HepG2分泌载脂蛋白AⅠ,AⅡ,B100, …

用冻干浓缩液的圆周免疫扩散法观察了牛胰岛素对ＨｅｐＧ２细胞分泌载脂蛋白ａｐｏＡⅠ、ａｐｏＡⅡ、ａｐｏＢ１００、ａｐｏＣⅢ及ａｐｏＥ的影响。结果发现,当培养液中的岛素浓度为１μｇ／ｍｌ时,ａｐｏＡ◎、ａｐｏＥ的分泌无明显改变,ａｐｏＡⅡ的分泌有降低的趋势,ａｐｏＣⅢ的分泌有增加的趋势,ａｐｏＢ１００的分泌降低２１。２％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;当培养液中胰岛素的浓度为１０μｇ／ｍｌ时,ａｐｏＡⅠ的分泌减少．     

The abnormal changes of apolipoprotein(s) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of the apolipoproteins(apoA I, A II, B100, C II, C III, E) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FBG), insulin, TG, TC, apoA I, A II, B100, C II, C III, E were all measured in 127 non-diabetic subjects and 143 type 2 diabetic patients (20 associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 66 associated with hypertriglyceridemia(HTG), 55 associated with hypercholesterolemia). RESULTS: In male type 2 diabetic patients, the levels of FBG, WHR and apoC II were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and apoA I, A II levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in male non-diabetic subjects. In female type 2 diabetic patients, the levels of FBG, BMI, WHR, TG significantly elevated while HDL-C, apoA I, A II levels significantly decreased as compared with those in female non-diabetic subjects. In type 2 diabetic group, the levels of WHR, FBG and TG in HTG patients were elevated significantly as compared with those without HTG, and the levels of HDL-C, apoA I and apoA II were decreased; the levels of WHR, TG, TC, apoB100, C II, C III, E in patients with HTC were significantly higher than those whose cholesterol levels were normal. In patients with CHD, the levels of fasting insulin, apoB100, apoC II and apoE were significantly higher than those in patients without CHD, and the levels of HDL-C and apoA II were decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Abnormal changes of apo(s) in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be a cause of type 2 diabetes associated with HTG and CHD.     

Apolipoportein E polymorphism, serum lipids and apolipoproteins of 362 Han national subjects in Chengdu area]

This investigation was conducted to observe the frequency distribution of apoE phenotypes and alleles and to explore the relationship between apoE polymorphism and plasma lipids or apolipoproteins in Chinese population. ApoE phenotypes were assayed by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting with serum. Serum lipids and apoA I, B100, C II, C III, E were determined in a random subset of 362 subjects including 268 males and 94 females with a mean age of 43.7 +/- 12.3 yrs from a population of Han Nationality in Chengdu area. The results showed that the frequencies of apoE phenotypes and alleles were: E3/3 72.93%, E2/3 12.98%, E3/4 11.33%, E2/4 1.38%, E4/4 1.38%, E2/2 0.00%; epsilon 3 0.8508, epsilon 2 0.0718, epsilon 4 0.0774. The results also showed that the apo E2(E2/3 + E2/2) group had lower levels of serum TC and apoB100 (P < 0.05) and a higher level of serum apoE (P < 0.001) when compared with the apoE3(E3/3) or apoE4(E3/4 + E4/4) group. No significant difference was observed in TG, apoA I, apoC II, and apoC III levels among the apoE2, E3 and E4 groups (P > 0.05).     

成都地区正常男性中老年人血清apoB100含量与脂质及apoAⅠ,A…

This study was conducted in 438 normal men aged 40-70. The age groups were: 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, and 65-70. The results showed that the serum apolipoproteins levels (mean+/- s, mg/L) were: B100 levels 742.5 +/- 165.8, A I 1301.2 +/- 219.9, A II 299.4 +/- 49.0, C II 42.7 +/- 21.4, C III 113.3 +/- 34.0 and E 38.7 +/- 8.2. The levels of serum apoB100 increased with age. The serum apoB100 levels in the 5th and 6th age groups were significantly higher as compared with the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05). The fasting serum mean TG (1.39 +/- 0.45 mmol/L), TC(4.79 +/- 0.82 mmol/L) and LDC-C(1.62 +/- 0.40 mmol/L levels in the groups 5 and 6 were significantly higher as compared with the groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (P < 0.01). Serum apoC II, C III and E levels were significantly increased in the groups 5, 6 (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation of apoB100 with serum TG, TC, LDL-C, apoC II, C III and E respectively (P < 0.01); and a negative correlation with HDL-C levels (r = 0.1312); and apoB100 correlated negatively with apoA I (r = -0.0706). The results suggest that serum TG, TC, LDL-C, apoC II, C III and E are the main factors related with the serum apoB100 levels.     

普法他汀对高脂血症患者载脂蛋白E的影响

目的 :探讨普法他汀对高脂血症患者血清总载脂蛋白E(apoE)水平的影响。方法 :40例高脂血症患者每晚顿服普法他汀 2 0mg 4周 ,比较服药前后血清甘油三酯 (TG)、胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、apoA、apoB、apoE及脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]水平的变化。结果 :用药后血清TC及TG分别下降 2 0 .3%及 8.7% (P <0 .0 0 1,<0 .0 5 ) ,LDL C下降 2 3.1% (P <0 .0 1) ,apoB及apoE分别下降 12 .9%及 32 .5 % (P<0 .0 5 ,<0 .0 0 1) ,apoA1增加 7 3% (P <0 .0 5 )。apoE下降幅值分别与其自身基础和TG及LDL C基础值呈正相关(P <0 .0 1,<0 .0 1,<0 .0 5 )。HDL C呈增高趋势 ,Lp(a)改变无统计学差异。结论 :普法他汀能导致血清apoE水平显著下降其可能参与了抗动脉粥样硬化过程。     

中老年男性血糖与血清脂质及载脂蛋白的关系

OBJECTIVE: To gain an insight into the relation of plasma glucose levels to lipids and apolipoproteins levels. METHODS: Fasting 12-14 h blood glucose (BG), high density lipoprotein cholestrol(LDL-C), apolipoproteins(apo) A I, A II, B100, C II, C III and E levels were measured in 735 men aged 40-70 in Chengdu area. The subjects studied were divided into three groups by the plasma glucose levels: 1. normal group (S1), 2. decreased glucose tolerance group (S2), 3. diabetes mellitus (DM) group (S3). RESULTS: Among 735 cases studied, groups S2 and S3 had more hyperlipidemia than group S1 (64%, 45% and 32.2% respectively). The fasting serum mean TG levels in groups S2 (3.62 +/- 2.52 mmol/L) and S3 (4.45 +/- 3.82 mmol/L) group were significantly higher than that in group S1 (1.92 +/- 1.39 mmol/L) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01), and the mean TG levels in groups S2 (5.68 +/- 1.15 mmol/L) and S3 (5.68 +/- 1.12 mmol/L) were higher than that in group S1 (5.13 +/- 1.06 mmol/L) (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). The serum apo B100, C II, C III and E levels in groups S2 and S3 were significantly higher as compared with that in the normal group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation of BG with serum TG in groups S1, S2 and S3 whose correlation coefficients (r) were 0.1800, 0.1436 and 0.3212 respectively (P < 0.001); and a negative correlation with HDL-C levels in groups S2 and S3 (r = -0.2534 and -0.1477, P < 0.001). The plasma glucose levels were positively correlated with apo B100, C III and E levels in groups S1, S2 and S3, P < 0.001), with apo C II in groups S1 and S2 (P < 0.001, P < 0.01); and negatively correlate to apoA I only in group S2 (r = -0.1182, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that serum TG, TC, HDL-C, apoB100, C II, C III and E levels be the main factors that related to plasma glucose levels.     

中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症患者对氧磷酶基因192位Gln—Arg多态性的研究

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the 192 Gln-Arg polymorphism of paraoxonase (PON) gene and its relationship with serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in Chinese population in Chengdu area. METHODS: The genotype and allele frequencies of paraoxonase gene 192 Gln-Arg polymorphism were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic kits and apolipoproteins AI, A II, B100, C I, C II and E were measured by the RID kits developed by the Apolipoprotein Research Unit of this university in 128 HTG patients whose fasting serum TG levels were > or = 2.26 mmol/L and 129 healthy subjects whose fasting serum TG levels were < 1.82 mmol/L and TC levels < 6.2 mmol/L from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area. RESULTS: Both in HTG group and control group, the QR genotype of PON gene was the major one, and the frequencies were 0.515 and 0.581 respectively. No differences were found in PON gene Gln-Arg polymorphism between the HTG group and the control group. In the control group, the QQ genotype of PON gene was found to have higher serum apoA I levels, compared with the RR genotype (P < 0.05). But in the HTG group, when compared with the RR genotype, the QQ genotype was found to have lower serum apoA I and A II levels and higher serum apoE levels. CONCLUSION: These may be an association of the QQ genotype of the paraoxonase 192 Gln-Arg polymorphism with the decrease of serum apoA I level and the increase of serum apoE level in endogenous hypertriglyceridemica.     

巨噬细胞（THP—1）表面apoE特性及在细胞脂质代谢中的作用

目的 研究巨噬细胞表达apoE的特性及与脂蛋白代谢的关系,以进一步了解巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化发展过程中的作用。方法 以抗apoE单克隆抗体（7C9,3H1）的特异性结合,分析乙酰LDL、肝素及硫酸软骨素酶、LiposynⅡ等因素对THP－2细胞表达apoE的影响及相互关系。结果 经乙酰LDL作用后,在4℃时^125I-7C9与细胞表面结合减少19％;而去除乙酰LDL后再37℃孵育2h可增加结合25％。与乙酰LDL孵育可使细胞分泌至培养液中的apoE增加,并且呈时间依赖。肝素酶（3U／ml）或硫酸软骨素酶ABC（0.75U/ml）对未经乙酰LDL作用的THP－1细胞表达的apoE没有影响,对经乙酰LDL作用后的细胞肝素酶有轻微影响（与7C9结合下降7.9%）,而硫酸软骨素酶卵育可使细胞表达apoE下降50％。LiposynⅡ可显著增加apoA1与THP1细胞表面的结合,增加的结合面可通过预先与3H1单抗孵育而被拮抗。结论 THP－1巨噬细胞表面apoE与细胞摄取胆固醇的过程及细胞表面的蛋白多糖代谢均有密切关系,可能还参与了apoA1脂质体与THP－1细胞表面结合过程,它们的相互作用可能会影响巨噬细胞的脂质代谢功能,进而可能对动脉粥样硬化的发展产生影响。     

中国人Ⅱb型高脂蛋白血症apoE基因多态性的研究

目的 探讨中国人Ⅱb型高脂蛋白血症患者载脂蛋白E（apoE)基因多态性及其与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应－限制性酶切片段长度多态性法（PCR－RFLP）,分别对74例Ⅱb型高脂血症患者及230例血脂正常者apoE基因型、空腹血脂及载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ、E进行了全面分析。结果 Ⅱb型高脂血症患者的体重指数（BMI）,血清甘油三酯（TG）,总胆固醇（TC）,低密度 蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）,非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（nHDLC),载脂蛋白AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ、E水平及TG／HDLC比值均较对照组显著升高（P＜0．001）;血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）水平及apoE/apoCⅢ比值比显著降低（P＜0．05）。Ⅱb型高脂血症组与对照组apoE基因型及等位基因频率分布均以E3／3和ε3最高,Ⅱb型高脂血症组的ε2等位基因有增高的趋势,而ε4等位基因有降低的趋势（P＞0．05）,携带ε2等位基因组血清TG、apoⅡ,apoE水平及apoE/apoCⅢ比值较E3／3基因型组显著升高,而携带ε4等位基因组血清TC、nHDLC及apoE水平较E3／3基因型组显著升高（P＜0．001）。结论 ε2及ε4等位基因与Ⅱb型高脂蛋白血症患者的血清TG、TC、nHDL,apoCⅡ及apoE水平升高有关。