Estramustine phosphate in secondary hormone-resistant carcinoma of the prostate

In this retrospective study, 71 patients with secondary hormone-refractory prostatic carcinomas were treated with estramustine phosphate (EMP), at three different dosages (280, 560, 840 mg orally). All patients were completely followed up until cancer-induced death. In 12 cases of further progression polychemotherapy was administered. As this was not a randomized study, an analysis of statistical significance was not performed. The higher dosages of EMP caused an extended progression-free interval accompanied by an equally considerable alleviation of carcinoma-induced pain. The overall survival time was not influenced by subsequent polychemotherapy. An elevation of liver function parameters was observed in 5 patients. One of these patients died of toxic liver damage, possibly therapy-related, on the basis of a preexisting cirrhosis. Cardiovascular side effects were not observed. With regard to survival time, the positioning of polychemotherapy as a third-line treatment for prostatic cancer should be examined critically. Before administration of high-dose EMP, it is mandatory to control liver functions carefully.     

Abrogation of heat-shock protein （HSP）70 expression induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3m

Aim: To investigate the effect of abrogating heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression by antisense HSP70 oligonucleotides treatment on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3m growth. Methods: PC3m cells were treated with 0-16μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomers for 0-100 hr. Cell growth inhibition was analyzed using a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Apoptotic cells were detected and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation analysis. The protein expression of HSP70 and bcl-2 affected by antisense HSP70 oligomers were determined using Western blot. Results: Antisense HSP70 oligomer induced apoptosis and then inhibited proliferation of PC-3m cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ladder-like patterns of DNA fragments were observed in PC-3m cells treated with 10μmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer for 48 hr or 8μtmol/L for 72 hr on agarose gel electrophoresis. Antisense HSP70 oligomer pretreatment enhanced the subsequent induction of apoptosis by heat shock in PC-3m cells. In addition, undetectable HSP70 expression was observed at a concentration of 10μtmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer treatment for 48 hr or 8μtmol/L for 72 hr in Western blot, which was paralleled by decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. Conclusion: HSP70 antisense oligomer treatment abro-gates the expression of HSP70, which may disrupt HSP70-bcl-2-interactions and further down-regulate bcl-2 expression,in turn inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth in PC-3m cells. (Asian JAndro12004 Dec;6:319-324)     

热休克蛋白70在人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3m和LNCaP中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨前列腺癌雄激素不敏感性的发生。方法　用细胞免疫化学方法和流式细胞术定位、定量分析体外培养的人前列腺癌雄激素不敏感细胞株PC-3m和雄激素敏感细胞株LNCaP中主要热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达。结果　2种不同生物学特性的细胞株表面及细胞内均有HSP70表达,但PC-3m细胞膜及细胞内的阳性染色程度高于LNCaP;流式细胞术测定的PC-3m细胞膜及细胞内的表达量（17.61±4.20,69.54±10.50）分别高于LNCaP（7.42±1.70,21.83±6.30）,两者比较差异均有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论　正常状态下雄激素不敏感前列腺癌细胞株过表达HSP70,可能与雄激素不敏感性的发生、发展有关。     

选择性环氧化酶-2抑制剂NS398诱导前列腺癌PC-3细胞系凋亡的研究

目的观察选择性环氧化酶2(COX-2)抑制剂氮-2,环己氧-4,硝基苯-甲基磺胺 (NS398)在诱导COX-2表达阴性的前列腺癌PC-3细胞凋亡中的作用. 方法应用RT-PCR和Western blot的方法对PC-3细胞mRNA和蛋白水平的COX-2表达情况进行检测,四甲基偶氮唑蓝快速比色法观察不同浓度和时间NS398对PC-3细胞生存率的影响,流式细胞术检测100 μmol/L NS398作用24 h PC-3细胞的凋亡情况. 结果 mRNA和蛋白水平PC-3细胞COX-2均呈阴性表达;NS398可以抑制PC-3细胞的存活,并随浓度增加而增强,但无显著的时间依赖性;与对照组(10.563±2.582)%相比,100 μmol/L NS398诱导PC-3细胞早期凋亡比率(19.307±3.773)%显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P=0.01). 结论选择性COX-2抑制剂NS398可以诱导COX-2表达阴性的PC-3细胞凋亡,提示COX-2非依赖性途径的存在.     

白花丹素体外诱导前列腺癌PC-3细胞凋亡的研究

目的 探讨白花丹素对前列腺癌PC-3细胞增殖、凋亡的作用及其和RelA(p65)表达的关系.方法 应用不同浓度梯度的白花丹素(1、5、1O、15、20 μmol/L)共同培养PC-3细胞24、48 h,噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测PC-3细胞增殖活力,双染流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞,透射电镜观察超微病理变化,计算药物半数抑制浓度(IC50).逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法扩增检测RelA(p65).结果 24 h组在10～20 μmol/L,48 h组在5～20 μmol/L时均出现生长抑制,IC50分别为12.88、3.71 μmol/L.双染流式细胞仪检测显示PC-3随作用浓度的上升凋亡率增加并呈现浓度依赖关系.透射电镜观察作用后PC-3呈现典型凋亡表现.RT-PCR结果提示其细胞凋亡率同Rel A(p65)表达呈负相关.结论 白花丹素体外实验可能通过抑制Rel A(p65)表达诱导PC-3的凋亡.     

Procyanidin induces apoptosis and necrosis of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in a mitochondrion-dependent manner

Our objective was to study the effects of procyanidin on the cell death of human hormone-resistant prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 and its mechanism. PC-3 cells were treated with procyanidin of different concentrations. The cell apoptosis rates were detected by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide double staining followed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) was analyzed by FCM with rhodamine 123 staining. After 24 hours of treatment with 300 microg/mL procyanidin, the apoptosis rate of PC-3 cells was 44.86%, and Deltapsim was significantly decreased by 87.30%. With the extending of procyanidin treatment, the apoptosis rate decreased whereas the necrosis rate increased. Procyanidin could induce apoptosis and necrosis in PC-3 cells, which might be related to down-regulation of Deltapsim.     

紫杉醇和维甲酸对前列腺癌PC-3细胞的作用

目的　观察紫杉醇 (PA)和维甲酸 (RA)协同对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3的体外作用 ,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法　应用光镜形态学、噻唑蓝 (MTT)法、流式细胞仪和免疫细胞化学法观察了 10 -6、10 -7、10 -8mol/L浓度紫杉醇和 10 -5、10 -6、10 -7mol/L浓度维甲酸在体外单药或协同对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3的作用和对细胞DNA含量及CyclinD1表达的影响。 结果　 10 -6mol/L以上浓度维甲酸作用 48h可增强 10 -7mol/L以上浓度紫杉醇对前列腺癌PC 3细胞系的生长抑制 [抑制率≥ (5 6.3± 5 .2 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ] ,增强诱导凋亡作用 [凋亡率≥ (2 0 .5± 2 .3 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ] ,下调CyclinD1的表达 [表达率≤ (9.2± 1.1) % ]。维甲酸使紫杉醇所致的G2 /M期细胞比例由 (70 .3± 9.3 ) %变为 (5 4.6± 6.7) % ,部分地逆转了其G2 /M期细胞周期阻滞 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　紫杉醇和维甲酸可以协同增强对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用 ,显示了紫杉醇和维甲酸协同用于治疗激素非依赖性前列腺癌的可能性。     

双氢睾酮对人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3细胞生长影响的体外研究

目的:探讨双氢睾酮(Dihydrotestosterone,DHT)对前列腺癌PC-3细胞株生长的影响。方法:采用MTT方法,利用不同浓度的DHT刺激非激素依赖性前列腺癌PC-3细胞株,在培养1、2、3、4天分别测定细胞活性。结果:在加用DHT后的第1天,10-8mol/L组细胞生长速度明显加快,MTTOD值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在第4天,分别加用10-9mol/L、10-8mol/L、10-7mol/L、10-6mol/LDHT,MTTOD值与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),10-5mol/LDHT组与对照组OD值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:非激素依赖性前列腺癌PC-3细胞生长受雄激素的影响,低浓度DHT可促进PC-3细胞的生长。     

沙利度胺对前列腺癌PC3细胞的体外作用及机制研究

目的 研究沙利度胺对激素非依赖性前列腺癌(AIPC)细胞株PC-3体外生长的抑制作用及其可能的机制.方法 将不同浓度的沙利度胺作用于AIPC细胞株PC-3,采用CCK-8法检测沙利度胺对PC-3细胞的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测凋亡率;通过RT-PCR法检测沙利度胺处理前后PC-3细胞中低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF) mRNA的表达水平;Western blot检测沙利度胺作用后HIF-1α、VEGF、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达水平.结果 不同浓度的沙利度胺作用于PC-3细胞后,细胞增殖水平明显下降(P＜0.05),且沙利度胺对PC-3细胞增殖的抑制作用呈浓度-时间依赖性.流式细胞仪检测结果表明不同浓度的沙利度胺诱导PC-3细胞发生凋亡,和对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着沙利度胺浓度的增加,PC-3细胞中HIF-1 α、VEGF mRNA的表达逐渐下调;HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2蛋白的含量逐渐下降,而Bax蛋白的含量逐渐增加.结论 沙利度胺可能通过诱导AIPC细胞的凋亡和抑制肿瘤血管的生成而发挥双重抗肿瘤生长的作用.     

Patterns of metastasis by the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in athymic nude mice

Cells from the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line were evaluated in athymic nude mice in order to determine the influence of size of the primary tumor and site inoculation on the incidence and pattern of metastasis. At autopsy, all organs, including the skeleton, were evaluated for metastasis. Subcutaneous injections resulted in metastases to the draining axillary lymph node and lungs (56% and 13%, respectively), and were correlated with size of the primary tumor. Tail vein injection resulted in a high incidence of lung metastasis, while injection into the peritoneal space, spleen, and seminal vesicles resulted in intraabdominal tumor growth, liver metastasis, and large tumors within the seminal vesicles, respectively. Skeletal metastases were not observed in any of the animals studied. We conclude that injection of PC-3 cells into various sites results in different patterns of metastasis, but may not constitute an entirely suitable animal model of human prostate cancer due to the lack of metastasis to the skeleton.     

雷帕霉素抑制人前列腺癌细胞增殖及其作用机制

目的 观察雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)对体外培养的人前列腺癌PC-3M-2B4细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,探讨其机制.方法 分别用不同浓度的雷帕霉素(100、200、400、800μg/L)对细胞进行干预后,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞增殖变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡变化,Western blot 法检测凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2及bax表达的变化.结果 雷帕霉素能明显抑制PC-3M-2B4细胞的增殖活性,此作用呈现量-效、时-效关系.雷帕霉素呈浓度依赖性诱导细胞凋亡.雷帕霉素作用PC-3M-2B4细胞后,细胞内凋亡抑制蛋白bcl-2的表达明显降低,bax蛋白的表达明显增加.结论 雷帕霉素能够通过调节凋亡相关蛋白bcl-2和bax的表达比例,诱导前列腺癌细胞凋亡,从而抑制肿瘤生长.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of Rapamycin on the growth and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3M-2B4. Methods The inhibitory effect of Rapamycin was observed at 100,200,400,800μg/L on the growth of human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3M-2B4 in serum-free medium for different concentrations by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTF) assays. Flow cytometry (FCM)analysis was used to study the changes of cell apoptosis. The expression level of bcl-2 and bax was determined by Western blotting. Results Rapamycin caused dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3M-2B4 in a concentration-and time dependent manner. Rapamycin induced the apoptosis of PC-3M-2B4 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of bcl-2 protein were reduced gradually with the increase of concentration or action time. Conclusion Rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cell and induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell. mTOR might be a potential target for anti-prostate cancer.     

热休克蛋白90抑制剂对PC-3M细胞杀伤效应的研究

目的:观察热休克蛋白90(HSP90)抑制剂对前列腺癌PC-3M细胞增殖活性、细胞周期和凋亡的影响,初步探讨其作用机制.方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法检测不同浓度的HSP90抑制剂对PC-3M细胞增殖的影响;采用细胞免疫化学测定HSP90抑制剂对PC-3M细胞HER-2表达的影响;采用流式细胞分析术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期.结果:高浓度(500 nmol/L)HSP90抑制剂可杀伤PC-3M细胞,低浓度(10、50、125、250 nmol/L)条件下则主要发挥生长抑制作用.HSP90抑制剂可使PC-3M细胞HER-2表达水平降低,并在500 nmol/L浓度时诱导细胞凋亡.结论:HSP90抑制剂较为明显地抑制PC-3M细胞生长,并在高浓度时杀伤癌细胞;其作用机制可能与下调HER-2的表达有关.     

热休克蛋白90抑制杀伤效应剂对PC-3M细胞的研究

目的：观察热休克蛋白90（HSP90）抑制剂对前列腺癌PC3M细胞增殖活性、细胞周期和凋亡的影响，初步探讨其作用机制。方法：采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法检测不同浓度的HSP90抑制剂对PC3M细胞增殖的影响；采用细胞免疫化学测定HSP90抑制剂对PC3M细胞HER-2表达的影响；采用流式细胞分析术（FCM）检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期。结果：高浓度（500nmol／L）HSP90抑制剂可杀伤PC3M细胞，低浓度（10、50、125、250nmol／L）条件下则主要发挥生长抑制作用。HSP90抑制剂可使PC3M细胞HER-2表达水平降低，并在500nmol／L浓度时诱导细胞凋亡。结论：HSP90抑制剂较为明显地抑制PC-3M细胞生长，并在高浓度时杀伤癌细胞；其作用机制可能与下调HER-2的表达有关。     

多西紫杉醇对前列腺癌PC-3细胞的作用

目的 :观察多西紫杉醇对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3的体外作用 ,并探讨其作用机制。方法 :应用光镜形态学、MTT法、流式细胞仪和免疫细胞化学法观察了 1 0 -6mol/L、1 0 -7mol/L、1 0 -8mol/L浓度多西紫杉醇在体外对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3的作用和对细胞DNA含量及CyclinD1 表达的影响。结果 :1 0 -7mol/L以上浓度多西紫杉醇对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3有明显的的生长抑制作用 (抑制率≥ 4 7.5 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,诱导凋亡 (凋亡率≥1 6 .8% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,下调CyclinD1 的表达 (表达率≤ 1 0 .8% ) ,与阳性对照组CyclinD1 表达率 2 5 .5 %相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :多西紫杉醇对前列腺癌细胞系PC 3有明显的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用 ,显示了多西紫杉醇有用于治疗激素非依赖性前列腺癌的可能性