全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术15年总结(附196例报告)

目的　评价全膀胱切除治疗膀胱肿瘤的疗效及回肠膀胱术的远期效果。　方法　回顾性分析 1985年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月膀胱肿瘤行全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术 196例的临床资料。　结果　膀胱肿瘤累及膀胱颈部或膀胱三角区者 12 6例 (6 4.3 % ) ,浸润性膀胱癌 145例 (74.0 % ) ,移行细胞癌183例 (93.4% )。术后发生近期并发症 19例 (9.7% ) ,远期并发症 10例 (7.4% )。 135例随访 1～ 15年 ,平均 6 .6年 ,5年生存率 6 6 .2 %。　结论　全膀胱切除是浸润性膀胱癌首选治疗方法 ,回肠膀胱术简单易行 ,长期随访显示其并发症少 ,疗效确切 ,仍是一种较为理想的尿流改道方式。     

全膀胱切除直肠代膀胱与回肠膀胱术疗效观察

目的:探讨膀胱全切直肠代膀胱与回肠膀胱术的效果。方法:回顾性分析全膀胱切除直肠代膀胱130例,回肠膀胱16例临床资料。结果:143例膀胱肿瘤病例,浸润性肿瘤132例。手术均顺利,术后3个月未发现上尿路梗阻积水,电解质、肾功正常范围。发生近期并发症12例,远期并发症11例。87例随访1～10年,5年生存率63%。结论:膀胱全切是浸润性膀胱癌首选治疗方法之一,直肠代膀胱和回肠膀胱都是尿流改道的较好选择,长期随访其并发症少。     

全膀胱尿道切除回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱癌26例疗效探讨

目的 探讨膀胱癌行全膀胱及尿道切除回肠膀胱术(Bricker术)的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析26例膀胱癌患者,一期施行膀胱及尿道全切回肠代膀胱尿流改道术的临床资料.结果 所有病例术后均恢复良好,出现近期并发症5例,无远期并发症.26例均获随访1~10年,平均6.2年,5年生存率67.5%.结论 对于膀胱癌侵犯尿道及前列腺无法保留尿道的患者,采取一期切除膀胱及全尿道回肠膀胱尿流改道术,操作简单易行,术后恢复快、并发症少、疗效确切,推荐为此类患者的优先选择.     

改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术后效果探析

目的探讨改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术的临床效果。方法对18例浸润性膀胱癌患者行改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术治疗,记录手术时间、术中输血量、术后并发症、术后排尿情况、肿瘤控制情况和生存质量等。结果 18例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间250 min。术中输血量平均470 mL。术后3例出现早期并发症,其中电解质紊乱2例,尿瘘1例。18例患者均获随访,平均时间20个月,1例发生单侧输尿管反流,1例死于脑梗死,1例死于肿瘤转移,1例死于肾功能衰竭。术后患者的生活质量比较满意。结论改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术术式简单、术后并发症少和代膀胱功能好,是浸润性膀胱癌较为理想的治疗术式。     

全膀胱切除正压可控低压U型回肠代膀胱术101例临床分析

目的 全膀胱切除是浸润性膀胱癌和多发性膀胱癌的标准治疗方法，不同尿流改道方式对生活质量影响差别很大。为解决全膀胱切除后贮尿、控尿和排尿问题，本文总结正压可控性低压U型回肠代膀胱术的手术经验。方法 1994年6月～2005年1月共施行了101例全膀胱切除正压可控性低压U型回肠代膀胱术。回顾性分析这些患者的临床资料，总结该方法的手术指征和临床效果。结果 101例手术顺利，无手术死亡。手术时间为4～6．5h，平均5h，随访3～48个月，平均30个月，101例U型回肠膀胱均能自行排尿，其中96例（95．0％）白天完全控尿，69例（68．3％）昼夜完全控尿，32例（31．7％）夜间尿失禁。术后无并发症，随访期内无肿瘤复发，死亡3例，1例于术后9天死于手术后急性心肌梗死，2例于术后2年死于脑出血。结论 对浸润性膀胱癌和多发性膀胱癌应尽早行全膀胱切除，正压可控性低压U型回肠代膀胱术，操作简单、安全、可靠，术后生活质量提高，且远期效果良好，值得临床广泛应用。     

改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术后疗效观察

目的报告改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法对我院2007年1月至2011月12月施行改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术的24例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括手术时间、手术出血量、输血情况、手术并发症、新膀胱功能、肿瘤控制情况、生存情况、勃起功能以及生活质量情况。结果本组24例手术均顺利,手术时间240～380min,术中出血量200～1200ml,输血11例,术中直肠损伤1例。术后8例出现早期并发症,其中5例电解质紊乱,1例肠梗阻,2例尿瘘;另有2例真性尿失禁。20例获随访,1例死于肺部感染,1例死于脑梗死,1例死于梗阻性肾功能不全,1例死于肿瘤复发、转移,1例因肿瘤复发、转移而目前在接受放化疗中,15例无瘤生存。术后性功能均有不同程度下降。生活质量大致满意。结论对于肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,实施改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术效果良好,提高手术技巧是术后改善生活质量的重要因素之一。     

腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌（附30例病例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法及临床疗效。方法 收集2007年5月至2011年10月应用腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的浸润性膀胱癌患者30例。对其临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结。结果 所有手术均获得成功,无中转开放,手术时间180～360 min(平均240 min),术中出血量150～450 ml(平均220 m1)。术后4～8d恢复肠道正常蠕动功能,随访时间6～60个月,中位随访时间26个月。30例术后均能恢复较满意的控尿功能,平均膀胱容量约398ml,平均夜尿1～3次;1例出现夜间遗尿; 2例出现尿漏;膀胱镜检查无尿道肿瘤复发;2例死于原发病转移。其余患者术后随访6个月血生化指标均正常,B超检查未见上尿路扩张积水。结论 腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术具有创伤小、出血少、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快．术后控尿满意等优点,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的一种理想手术方式。     

腹腔镜根治性全膀胱切除回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌（附30例报告）

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 收集2007年5月至2011年10月应用腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术的浸润性膀胱癌患者30例.对其临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结.结果 所有手术均获得成功,无中转开放,手术时间180～360 min（平均240 min）,术中出血量150～450mL（平均220 mL）.术后4～8d恢复肠道正常蠕动功能,随访时间6～60个月,中位随访时间26个月.30例术后均能恢复较满意的控尿功能,平均膀胱容量约398mL,平均夜尿1～3次;1例出现夜间遗尿;2例出现尿漏;膀胱镜检查无尿道肿瘤复发;2例死于原发病转移.其余患者术后随访6个月血生化指标均正常,B超检查未见上尿路扩张积水.结论 腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除原位回肠新膀胱术具有创伤小、出血少、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快、术后控尿满意等优点,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的一种理想手术方式.     

初发T1G3膀胱尿路上皮癌行膀胱全切还是保留膀胱手术?

目的 比较根治性膀胱全切与保留膀胱手术治疗初发T1G3膀胱尿路上皮癌的临床效果.方法 初发T1G3膀胱尿路上皮癌患者113例.男91例,女22例.年龄27～88岁,平均64岁.初次治疗保留膀胱患者81例,行根治性膀胱全切患者32例.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析及log-rank检验比较2组患者5年总生存率及肿瘤特异性生存率.结果 初次治疗保留膀胱患者81例中行经尿道肿瘤电切术74例、膀胱部分切除7例,术后随访6～140个月,平均64个月,术后5年总生存率为64.2%(52/81),肿瘤特异性生存率为77.8%(63/81).根治性膀胱全切治疗32例,术后随访4～141个月,平均62个月.术后5年总生存率为59.4%(19/32),肿瘤特异性生存率为75.0%(24/32).2组术后5年总生存率及肿瘤特异性生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 保留膀胱手术或根治性膀胱全切治疗初发T1G3膀胱癌,5年总生存率和肿瘤特异性生存率差异无统计学意义.膀胱全切治疗初发T1G3膀胱肿瘤至少有50%的病例有过度治疗的可能.     

根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌效果比较

目的比较根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果。方法选取2015-01—2018-07间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受根治性膀胱切除术的100例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者。按照不同代膀胱术式分为2组,原位新膀胱术组患者55例,回肠膀胱术组45例。比较2组的治疗效果。结果回肠原位新膀胱术组的术中出血量及术后恢复排便时间、胃管保留时间、并发症总发生率、住院时间均低于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术前2组患者的最大尿流率、膀胱容积、充盈期膀胱压力、最大尿道压、残余尿量差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后上述尿流动力学指标均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。回肠原位新膀胱组术后生活质量评分高于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌,均有良好效果。但前者术后胃肠道功能恢复较快,并发症总发生率较低,生活质量较高。可作为治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的首选术式。     

膀胱肿瘤膀胱切除及尿流改道13年总结(附56例报告)

目的 评价膀胱切除治疗膀胱癌的疗效及四种不同方式尿流改道的远期效果。方法 回顾分析1992年至2004年膀胱癌行膀胱切除及尿流改道术56例临床资料。结果 随访1—10年，5年生存率58．8％，生存超过10年者1例，大部分患者对正位可控肠代膀胱控尿满意。结论 膀胱切除并不能提高5年生存率，对部分浸润性膀胱癌可选择地采用保留膀胱手术；正位可控回肠膀胱术是最理想的尿流改道方式。     

A case of late recurrence of urothelial carcinoma in an ileal conduit after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion for bladder cancer

Recurrence of urothelial cancer in an ileal conduit after radical cystectomy is rare. A 79-year-old man suffered bladder cancer (UC cTisN0M0 G2＞3) and underwent total cystectomy with ileal conduit. He had recurrence of the right renal pelvis carcinoma 6 years after the total cystectomy, and was treated by right radical nephroureterectomy (pT3 G2＝3). The patient had another episode of recurrence in the ileal conduit 13 years after the initial operation. The entire ileal conduit (UC, G3, ew (-)) was resected and left cutaneous ureterostomy was performed. This case suggests that long-term follow-up is necessary after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit for urinary diversion.     

Is adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer safer in patients with an ileal conduit than a neobladder?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with neobladder reconstruction in comparison to ileal conduit, as radical cystectomy and urinary diversion is an effective curative surgical treatment for muscle-invasive and high-risk superficial bladder cancer, and adjuvant chemotherapy is usually considered for patients with clinical stage > T2 and nodal metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed retrospectively patients who had had a radical cystectomy and urinary diversion between 1992 and 2004. Patients with high-risk disease who had adjuvant chemotherapy were identified and stratified based on the type of urinary diversion (ileal conduit or neobladder). The chemotherapy regimen, complications from the adjuvant chemotherapy and other relevant data were analysed. RESULTS: Overall, 343 patients had radical cystectomy, 40 had adjuvant chemotherapy; 25 had an ileal conduit and 15 had a neobladder. Patient characteristics including age, stage and follow-up were similar. In all, 55% of patients had grade 1 toxicity, 23% grade 2, 18% grade 3, and 13% grade 4. No patients had serious organ toxicity and none died. There were no significant differences in the toxicity among the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be safe in patients with a neobladder and equally safe in patients with an ileal conduit. Hence neobladder reconstruction should not be denied to patients with bladder cancer who are at high risk of recurrence and who might require adjuvant chemotherapy.     

异位可控膀胱术后合并贮尿囊结石的内窥镜治疗

目的:探讨全膀胱切除异位可控膀胱术后合并贮尿囊结石的内窥镜治疗方法。方法:2003年3月～2011年5月期间对11例全膀胱切除异位可控膀胱术后合并贮尿囊结石的患者采用摄像监视系统、灌洗泵、不同内窥镜及碎石系统经输出道进入贮尿囊进行碎石及取石,其中3例阑尾输出道患者采用F8/9.8Wolf输尿管硬镜或输尿管软镜进入贮尿囊内行气压弹道碎石或钬激光碎石;4例回肠输出道患者采用F19.5Wolf尿道膀胱镜进入贮尿囊内行气压弹道碎石或钬激光碎石;4例回肠输出道患者采用F21Wolf肾镜进入贮尿囊内行EMS超声碎石。结果:11例患者经输出道将贮尿囊内结石全部取出,并发症出现少,对输出道的抗尿失禁作用影响少。结论:对全膀胱切除异位可控膀胱术后合并贮尿囊结石,可采用不同的碎石系统和不同的内窥镜经输出道进入贮尿囊内进行碎石,其并发症少,效果满意。     

The anterior ileal conduit: results of 100 consecutive cases

PURPOSE: The ileal conduit of Bricker is still widely used for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma. We have modified the standard technique with the aim of reducing the complication rate and facilitating treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We leave the conduit in its natural isoperistaltic anterior position, the ureters are anastomosed in an anterior position on their own side, using a short ileum segment. The incision of the peritoneum is made in a particular manner to allow on its closure to extraperitonealize the anastomoses and the bottom of the conduit and to support and fasten the loop. RESULTS: A total of 100 consecutive patients after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer had anterior ileal conduit. The complication rates were 5% temporary ureteroileal leakage, 1% reoperation rate, 5% long-term stenoses and 3% renal function deterioration. The surgical revision and the treatment of ureteroileal stenoses with anterograde percutaneous ureteral stenting were not complicated procedures. A comparison with conventional Bricker series shows a significant decrease in the complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior ileal conduit reduces the technique complication rate and facilitates the treatment of complications, and it is a recommended operation for these reasons.     

腹腔镜膀胱癌根治加回肠膀胱术

目的:总结腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治加回肠膀胱术的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:2003年6月～2007年5月共行25例腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除、双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫加回肠膀胱术,患者平均年龄68岁,全膀胱切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫均在腹腔镜下完成,标本自下腹部小切口取出后,体外切取末端回肠10～15cm,近端闭合并与双侧输尿管吻合,远端造口于右下腹壁。结果:所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间210～320min,平均270min。术中出血220～1000ml,平均460ml。平均每例清扫淋巴结数10个,淋巴结阳性率16.2%,手术切缘均阴性。术后3～5天肠道功能恢复,1例因粘连性肠梗阻于术后1周再行手术探查松解粘连。术后2～3周拔除单J管,无肠漏及尿漏并发症发生。随访2～30个月,1例死于原发病转移,无腹壁造口狭窄发生,3例术后B超或造影显示单侧轻度肾积水和轻度输尿管扩张。结论:腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术具有创伤小,恢复快等优点,但手术难度较大,手术技术要求较高。回肠膀胱术手术操作相对简单,并发症少,可作为腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术后尿流改道可选方式之一。     

Primary Adenocarcinoma in an Ileal Conduit

Reports of primary small intestine malignancies are rare. Even more uncommon is primary carcinoma in an ileal conduit. Here, we report a case of primary adenocarcinoma in an ileal conduit that developed 14 years after radical cystectomy and diversion to an ileal conduit for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. To our knowledge, only one case of primary adenocarcinoma developing in an ileal conduit after a radical surgery for bladder cancer has been reported previously.     

Ileal conduit in era of systemic chemotherapy

The records of 62 patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder whose planned treatment was radical cystectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion and postoperative systemic chemotherapy were reviewed. Seven of the patients received radical cystectomy but not postoperative chemotherapy as planned, 3 of them (5%) for reasons directly related to complications from the urinary diversion. Fifty-five patients received the planned postoperative chemotherapy. Complications during chemotherapy that were related to the ileal conduit were urinary tract infection in 37 percent and stenosis at the ureteroileal anastomosis requiring percutaneous nephrostomy in 3.6 percent. Chemotherapy was not discontinued in any patient, however, because of complications specifically related to the urinary diversion. We conclude that the ileal conduit is well tolerated by patients who require systemic chemotherapy and is, today, the simplest, safest, and best diversion method when systemic chemotherapy is to follow radical cystoprostatectomy.