高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸含量与颈动脉厚度等的相关性

目的：探讨高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）含量与颈动脉厚度（IMT）、性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、血糖、血脂等的相关性。方法：随机抽取2007年3月～2008年3月在自治区人民医院高血压科住院患者250例。进行Hcy,IMT,血脂和血糖检测。并对吸烟、饮酒相关危险因素进行调查,分为非高Hcy组（≤15μmol／L）和高Hcy组（〉15μmol／L）进行分析。结果：①高血压患者血浆Hcy水平有随血压增高而升高趋势;②与非高Hcy组比较,高Hcy组的右颈内动脉,左颈总动脉,左颈内动脉组的IMT值显著升高;男性的右颈总动脉、右颈内动脉、左颈总动脉、左颈内动脉组的IMT值和女性左颈总动脉、左颈内动脉的IMT值显著升高（P均〈0．05）③相关分析显示,Hcy与右颈内动脉、左颈总动脉、左颈内动脉、饮酒、吸烟正相关（r=0．1140．27,P均〈0．05）.,与HDL负相关（r=-0．15,P〈0．05）。结论：高血压患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉厚度、血压水平、吸烟、饮酒呈正相关,与高密脂蛋白呈负相关。     

H型高血压合并急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的观察H型高血压合并急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化,探讨Hcy与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系。方法选择2013年3月1日至2014年10月30日于浙江省台州恩泽医疗中心(集团)路桥医院神经内科门诊及住院部就诊的高血压合并急性脑梗死患者,依据其血浆Hcy水平分为普通高血压合并急性脑梗死组(Hcy10μmol/L,普通高血压组,n=138)、H型高血压合并急性脑梗死组(Hcy≥10μmol/L,H型高血压组,n=256);选择同期医院健康体检人群为对照组(n=146)。检测各组受试者血生化和Hcy水平,采用彩色多普勒超声测定各组受试者颈动脉IMT,比较各组间的差异,并分析血浆Hcy水平与IMT的相关性。结果与对照组比较,高血压合并急性脑梗死患者的血浆Hcy水平升高,颈动脉IMT增厚,H型高血压组升高更为显著[Hcy:H型高血压组:(22.5±3.3)比普通高血压组(9.4±1.5)比对照组(8.3±1.4)μmol/L;IMT:H型高血压组(1.38±0.14)比普通高血压组(1.16±0.15)比对照组(0.63±0.20)mm;均P0.05]。Pearson线性相关分析显示,高血压合并急性脑梗死患者的血浆Hcy水平与IMT呈正相关(r=0.464,P0.05),H型高血压组相关性更大(r=0.576,P0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,血浆Hcy是颈动脉IMT的影响因素(B=0.004,P0.01)。血浆Hcy每升高10μmol/L,颈动脉IMT增厚0.04mm。结论血浆Hcy水平升高是高血压合并急性脑梗死患者颈动脉IMT增厚的影响因素。H型高血压合并急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化更显著。     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆同型半胱氨酸的相关性分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的相关性。方法选取2011年2月—2012年2月首次在我院神经内科住院治疗的50例急性脑梗死患者(观察组)和50例非脑血管疾病患者(对照组)。使用美国GE公司MycoCard○RReaderⅡ型超声诊断仪行颈动脉超声检查,根据内膜中层厚度(IMT)将患者分为非颈动脉粥样硬化组36例和颈动脉粥样硬化组64例。应用荧光偏振免疫法检测患者血浆Hcy水平。结果观察组左颈总动脉IMT和右颈总动脉IMT均高于对照组(P0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化组Hcy高于非颈动脉粥样硬化组(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆Hcy水平相关。     

高血清同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死及颈动脉硬化的临床研究

目的 研究血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与脑梗死发生及其与颈动脉硬化的关系.方法 根据颈动脉彩色超声多普勒检查,将100例脑梗死患者分为脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(A组 )和脑梗死无斑块组(B组),每组50例.另选50名健康体检者为对照组.采用荧光偏振免疫法测定Hcy,比较脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组、脑梗死无斑块组及对照组Hcy水平变化,记录患者性别、年龄、高血压病、吸烟、血脂、糖尿病等,应用彩色超声多普勒检查患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),比较脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组和脑梗死无斑块组内膜中层厚度.结果 脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组的血Hcy水平为(33.80±16.70)μmol/L,高于脑梗死无斑块组(17.39±6.60)μmol/L和对照组(10.74±14.58)μmol/L(P<0.01).脑梗死无斑块组与对照组Hcy水平相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑梗死伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)为(0.77 mm±0.25 mm),较脑梗死无斑块组颈动脉IMT(0.58 mm±0.29 mm)明显增厚(P<0.01).结论 高Hcy血症与缺血性脑卒中的发生密切相关,与颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成有关.     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平对老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的观察血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平对老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(intimamedia thickness,IMT)的影响。方法选择60岁以上老年高血压患者156例,所有患者入院时均同时测定颈动脉IMT和血清Hcy水平。根据血清Hcy检测结果,分为Hcy增高组与Hcy正常组,分别对两组的IMT厚度进行比较,并对其相关性进行分析。结果 Hcy增高组颈动脉IMT(1. 17±0. 32) mm,而Hcy正常组颈动脉IMT(0. 78±0. 21) mm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且IMT和Hcy呈正相关(r=0. 58,P 0. 01)。结论血清Hcy水平增高对老年高血压患者颈动脉IMT有显著影响,降低血清Hcy水平对预防和降低高血压相关动脉硬化性心脑血管疾病的发生具有一定临床意义。     

血液透析患者血浆不对称性二甲基精氨酸与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

目的探讨血液透析(HD)患者血浆不对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)浓度与颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测2006年1月至2007年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院肾内科透析中心HD患者69例和年龄匹配的健康对照35名血浆ADMA浓度;彩色多普勒超声检测患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)及粥样硬化斑块情况,同时测定血流动力学参数。将HD患者分为颈动脉正常组、IMT增厚组和颈动脉斑块组后,并进行相关性分析。结果 HD患者血浆ADMA浓度[(1.17±0.38)μmol/L]明显高于对照组[(0.42±0.15)μmol/L]。颈动脉斑块组血浆ADMA浓度明显高于IMT增厚组和颈动脉正常组,分别为(1.53±0.48)μmol/L、(1.21±0.35)μmol/L和(1.07±0.42)μmol/L(P0.05)。HD患者平均IMT值、颈动脉粥样斑块检出率和颈总动脉血流动力学指标均明显高于年龄匹配的对照组(P0.05)。多因素逐步回归分析显示,影响颈总动脉IMT的因素按影响程度依次为血浆ADMA、年龄、透析时间和总胆固醇(TC)。结论 HD患者动脉粥样硬化病变与血浆ADMA浓度有关,HD患者血浆ADMA在颈动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中起重要作用。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能与同型半胱氨酸及颈动脉内膜中膜厚度相关

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血管反应性充血指数(RHI)与血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法选取245例接受冠状动脉造影的患者为研究对象,冠状动脉造影阳性者中分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组49例和不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组131例,冠状动脉造影阴性者65例为对照组,利用Endo-PAT2000仪器采用外周动脉张力测定(PAT)技术评价血管内皮功能,计算RHI;通过超声检测患者颈动脉IMT;采用循环酶法测定Hcy水平。结果 RHI在对照组、SAP组和UAP组依次减低(1.78±0.45、1.65±0.33和1.45±0.27),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);IMT在对照组、SAP组和UAP组依次增加(分别为0.76±0.24 mm、0.90±0.31 mm、1.05±0.18 mm),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);SAP组的Hcy与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),UAP组的Hcy与对照组及SAP组相比差异均有统计学意义(17.61±6.79μmol/L比14.16±4.54μmol/L和14.31±4.53μmol/L,P0.01);UAP患者RHI与血清Hcy及颈动脉IMT均呈显著负相关(r=-0.494,r=-0.513,P0.01);通过回归分析得到UAP患者IMT(X1)、收缩压(X2)、BMI(X3)与RHI(Y)成线性回归关系。结论血管内皮功能、IMT、Hcy与冠心病患者病情相关;UAP患者RHI值与血清Hcy及IMT有明显负相关关系。     

中年高血压患者血浆叶酸、VB_（12）、Hcy水平与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨中年高血压（HP）患者血浆叶酸、维生素B12（VB12）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与颈动脉硬化的关系。方法对30例中年HP患者（HP组）及30例体检正常者（对照组）进行颈动脉彩超检查,检测其颈总动脉紧张度、扩张性及颈动脉内膜—中层厚度（IMT）;并检测血浆叶酸、VB12、Hcy和血脂。分析叶酸、VB12、Hcy水平与颈动脉硬化的关系。结果与对照组比较,HP组颈总动脉紧张度、扩张性明显下降,颈总动脉IMT明显升高,Hcy、TG明显升高,VB12、HDL-C明显下降（P均〈0.05）;相关分析表明,HP组颈动脉IMT与Hcy水平呈正相关（r=0.378,P〈0.05）。结论中年HP患者的颈动脉硬化与Hcy升高、VB12降低关系密切。     

高频超声评价RBP4对2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度的影响

目的探讨应用高频超声评价视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)的影响。方法采集137例T2DM患者血标本,酶联免疫法测定RBP4,并按RBP4(≥31.37μg/L和<31.37μg/L)浓度分为高浓度的A组(68例)和低浓度的B组(69例)。C组为60名正常人。应用高频超声测量颈动脉IMT,计算斑块总积分,分析RBP4与颈动脉IMT等的关系。结果 A组和B组颈总动脉干、颈总动脉分叉处、颈内动脉IMT、颈动脉平均IMT及斑块总积分均高于C组(P均<0.05);A组颈总动脉干、颈总动脉分叉处、颈内动脉IMT、颈动脉平均IMT及斑块总积分高于B组(P均<0.05);A组及B组颈动脉平均IMT和斑块总积分均与RBP4呈正相关(P均<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者的RBP4水平与颈动脉IMT密切相关。     

颈动脉粥样硬化及血流动力学变化与脑梗死的关系

目的应用双功能彩色多普勒超声观察脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块和颈动脉各部位的血流动力学变化及其相互关系。方法经头颅CT和(或)MRI检查确诊的58例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)及45例健康体检者(对照组),采用多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),并同时检测颈总动脉及颈内动脉血流动力学指标。结果脑梗死组颈总动脉、颈内动脉及颈总动脉分叉部IMT均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);脑梗死组颈动脉粥样斑块检出率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);脑梗死组颈总动脉收缩期峰值流速、舒张末期流速及最大剪切率明显低于对照组,搏动指数、阻力指数高于对照组,脑梗死组颈内动脉舒张末期流速及最大剪切率明显低于对照组,阻力指数高于对照组;颈总动脉最大剪切率与颈总动脉IMT及颈总动脉分叉部IMT呈负相关,颈内动脉最大剪切率与颈内动脉IMT呈负相关。结论颈动脉IMT、斑块的部位和性质及血流动力学变化与脑梗死的发生密切相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.