葛根素对梗阻性黄疸患者肾功能的保护作用观察

目的 观察葛根素对梗阻性黄疸（OJ）患者肾功能的保护作用。方法 OJ伴肾功能损害患者56例,随机分为术后常规处理组（A组）和葛根素防治组（B组）各28例。另选28例无黄疸的需要手术治疗的肝胆疾病患者为对照组（C组）。观察术前及术后各组血浆内皮素（ET）及肾功能指标的变化。结果 肌酐清除率（Cor）与ET呈负相关（r=-0．80,P〈0．01）。与术前1d相比。术后第7天,B组ET显著降低（P〈0．05）。肌酐清除率（Ccr）显著升高（P〈0．01）;A组手术前,后两指标差异无显著性（P均〉0．05）。术后7d,A、B两组ET、Ccr差异显著（P均〈0．05）。结论 葛根索可降低OJ患者的血浆ET含量,改善肾脏组织的血液灌流量,对肾功能损害有一定的防治作用。     

连续肾脏替代治疗对肝移植术后感染的治疗作用

目的探讨连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）对肝移植感染急性肾功能衰竭的治疗作用。方法回顾性分析36例肝移植术后感染的病例，其中急性肾功能衰竭24例，15例接受了CRRT治疗，观察其死亡率、治疗前后生命体征、血流动力学、血电解质和酸碱平衡、肝、肾功能变化和副作用。结果CRRT能降低肝移植感染急性肾功能衰竭死亡相对危险度（RR=1．00，95％CI0．02～50．40），改善患者生命体征和血流动力学（P〈0．05），纠正电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱（P〈0．05），改善肝、肾功能（P〈0．05），治疗过程中，副作用少，患者耐受性好。结论CRRT可望成为肝移植感染急性肾功能衰竭的有效治疗方法之一。     

腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水疗效评价

目的 评估腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水患者临床疗效。方法75例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者分为治疗组（50例）和对照组（25例）,两组患者均采用保肝、利尿、对症、支持等常规治疗,疗程4周。对照组在常规治疗基础上,采用多次治疗性腹穿放液治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上,采用腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗,观察并比较两组治疗后体重、腹围、24h尿量和尿钠排出量、肝功能、肾功能、血电解质及不良反应。结果治疗4周后治疗组腹围、体重、24h尿量优于对照组（P〈0．01）;血清白蛋白、肾小球滤过率及24h尿钠量高于对照组（P〈0．01）,肌酐、胱抑素c水平低于对照组（P〈0．05。P〈0．01）;治疗组显效率（48．0％）和总有效率（80．0％）明显好于对照组（24．0％和52．0％）（P〈0．05）：两组均未出现严重不良反应。结论腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水患者临床疗效优于多次治疗性腹穿放液。     

重症急性胰腺炎早期感染的相关性分析

[目的]分析重症急性胰腺炎早期感染的相关因素。[方法]选取重症急性胰腺炎患者220例作为研究对象,根据感染情况将其分为2组,感染者为A组,无感染者为B组;观察分析2组患者的一般资料及相关因素。[结果]A组与B组患者在APACHEII评分、血淀粉酶、血钙、血糖方面比较差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,低氧血症、血肌酐、血清白蛋白、尿素氮方面比较具有明显差异（P〈O．05～P〈O．01）;血清白蛋白与发病率呈负相关（P〈0．01）,血肌酐、低氧血症、尿素氮与发病率呈正相关（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。[结论]血清白蛋白、血肌酐、低氧血症、尿素氮是引起重症急性胰腺炎早期感染的相关因素。     

托拉塞米注射液治疗中老年慢性肾衰竭伴水肿患者的临床病例分析

目的：观察托拉塞米注射液治疗中老年慢性肾衰竭伴水肿患者的疗效及其对代谢指标的影响。方法 收集长春市中心医院肾病科2008年5月～2009年9月期间慢性肾衰竭伴水肿,应用托拉塞米注射液的患者,年龄在42～82岁之间。按照慢性肾衰竭诊断标准,分4组：1组：肾功能代偿期,21例;2组：肾功能失代偿期,24例;3组：肾功能衰竭期,15例;4组：尿毒症期,12例。观察各组应用托拉塞米前后的24h尿量、体罩、水肿及各代谢指标的变化。结果：①1组和2组患者应用托拉塞米后较用药前水肿消退（P〈0．01）,尿量明显增加（P〈0．01）。②3组患者应用托拉塞米后较用药前水肿消退（P〈0．01）,尿量呈增加趋势,但没有统计学差异。③4组患者应用托拉塞米后较用药前水肿消退（P〈0．01）,尿量明显增加（P〈0．05）。④各组患者应用托拉塞米前后体重、血压、空腹血糖、血尿酸、血钾、尿素氮及血肌酐均无显著变化。结论：托拉塞米注射液能增加中老年慢性肾衰竭伴水肿患者的尿量并减轻水肿,对代谢指标没有显著影响。     

二尖瓣球囊扩张术前后血皮质醇、胰岛素浓度及血流动力学的变化及意义

目的：探讨风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者在行经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术前后血皮质醇、胰岛素及血流动力学的变化及意义。方法：对于256例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者，在行经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术前、后动态监测血皮质醇、胰岛素以及血流动力学参数的变化。结果：二尖瓣球囊扩张术术后第1d血皮质醇浓度比手术前非常显著升高（P〈0．01），术后第3d血皮质醇浓度较手术前显著升高（P〈0．05）；术后第1d血清胰岛素浓度比手术前非常显著升高（P〈0．01）；但术后有严重并发症者血皮质醇和胰岛素与术前比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；术后血流动力学参数心率（HR）、二尖瓣面积（MVA）、左心房内径（LAD）及平均二尖瓣阶差（mMPG）与术前比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术后血皮质醇和胰岛素浓度先升高后降低，但有严重并发症者术后改变不明显，术后监测血皮质醇和胰岛素浓度可作为早期发现有无并发症的指标之一。     

新活素对体外循环心内直视手术后肾功能损害患者心、肾功能的影响

目的观察新活素对体外循环心内直视手术后肾功能损害患者心、肾功能的影响。方法32例体外循环术后肾功能损害患者随机分为2组,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上予新活素（重组人脑利钠肽）静脉注射治疗;对照组仅予常规强心、利尿。观察治疗前后尿量、血肌酐（SCr）、估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、中心静脉压（CVP）、收缩压（SBP）的变化。结果对照组尿量、CVP、SCr、eGFR较治疗前有改善,其中4例患者行CRRT治疗,死亡1例（6．25％）。与对照组相比,治疗组治疗后48h的SCr、eGFR、CVP均显著优于对照组（P〈0．01）,LVEF改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组肾功能恢复14例（87．5％）,2例肾功能无明显改善改行CRRT治疗。结论体外循环心内直视手术后肾功能损害患者加用新活素能有效地改善心、肾功能。     

肝移植术后早期急性肺损伤危险因素分析

目的分析肝移植术后早期急性肺损伤（ALI）的危险因素,为预防ALI提供依据。方法回顾性分析180例肝移植患者的临床资料,单因素及多因素回归分析肝移植术后发生ALI的危险因素。结果单因素分析发现,MELD评分、术中输血量、术后肺部感染、其他部位感染、肝功能恢复延迟、急性肾功能衰竭与肝移植术后ALI的发生有关。多因素分析提示术中大量输血、术后肺部感染是发生ALI的危险因素。结论术中大量输血、术后肺部感染是ALI发生的危险因素。     

肾功能衰竭患者乳酸水平的变化

目的观察肾功能衰竭患者血乳酸的变化及其影响因素。方法选择肾功能衰竭患者60例为肾衰组，按病情分为急性肾衰和慢性肾衰两个水平，按是否有感染分为感染和非感染两个水平。选择健康正常人50例为对照组。分别测定血乳酸水平。结果肾衰组乳酸水平高于对照组（P〈0．01），伴感染患者的乳酸水平高于非感染患者（P〈0．05），乳酸与肌酐呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论肾功能衰竭患者乳酸增加且与肌酐呈正比，感染是引起乳酸增加的重要因素。     

60例肝移植患者血清ALT、AST及LDH变化分析

目的研究肝移植患者术前及术后血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的变化规律,探讨其临床价值。方法采用全自动生化分析仪Olympus AU5400检测60例成功进行肝移植手术患者的血清ALT、AST及LDH等3项生化指标,观察这些指标在术前1d、术后1、10、20、30d及术后1年的动态变化和相互关系。结果ALT、AST及LDH在术后1d均明显升高（P〈0．01）,并于术后10d明显下降（P〈0．01）,3项指标间在肝移植术前及术后均具有良好的相关性;术后ALT变化出现“双峰”波动的患者,第二次ALT升高多出现在20～30d,且升高幅度较低。结论ALT、AST和LDH是肝移植术后早期反映肝功能状况的可靠指标,其不同时期的变化波动及相互关系为肝移植的效果评价及预后提供了重要依据。     

体-肺动脉分流术后早期死亡的危险因素分析

目的:分析影响体-肺动脉分流术后早期死亡的危险因素,以期提高手术效果。方法:2002年2月至2012年6月期间201例患者行体-肺动脉分流术,年龄3个月~13岁,体质量3.5~36kg。手术方法包括中央分流术(Waterston)105例,改良Blalock-Taussig分流术(B-T分流)70例,墨尔本分流26例。回顾性分析临床资料和影响手术效果的因素。结果:术后早期死亡14例(7.0%)。单因素分析结果显示:小年龄、低体质量、室间隔完整的肺动脉闭锁、术前低血球压积、合并动脉导管未闭、术中严重低血压或心律失常、术后早期分流管道堵塞、术后急性肺水肿是术后早期死亡的危险因素,二元Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示术后早期分流管道堵塞、术后急性肺水肿是手术早期死亡的独立的危险因素。结论:体-肺动脉分流术中,选择合适大小的分流管防止术后分流管道堵塞和急性肺水肿,可以明显降低术后早期病死率,特别是小年龄和低体质量患者。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后肝功能不全的危险因素及预后分析

目的 探讨急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后发生肝功能不全(HD)的危险因素和预后.方法 回顾性分析青岛市市立医院2014年5月至2018年5月156例接受外科手术的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者围术期资料.采用终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分评估患者术后肝功能,并分为HD组35例(MELD评分≥15...     

Risk factors for mortality after surgery in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Current methods of predicting risk of postoperative mortality in patients with cirrhosis are suboptimal. The utility of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) in predicting mortality after surgery other than liver transplantation is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for postoperative mortality in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Patients with cirrhosis (N = 772) who underwent major digestive (n = 586), orthopedic (n = 107), or cardiovascular (n = 79) surgery were studied. Control groups of patients with cirrhosis included 303 undergoing minor surgical procedures and 562 ambulatory patients. Univariate and multivariable proportional hazards analyses were used to determine the relationship between risk factors and mortality. RESULTS: Patients undergoing major surgery were at increased risk for mortality up to 90 days postoperatively. By multivariable analysis, only MELD score, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and age predicted mortality at 30 and 90 days, 1 year, and long-term, independently of type or year of surgery. Emergency surgery was the only independent predictor of duration of hospitalization postoperatively. Thirty-day mortality ranged from 5.7% (MELD score, <8) to more than 50% (MELD score, >20). The relationship between MELD score and mortality persisted throughout the 20-year postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: MELD score, age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class can quantify the risk of mortality postoperatively in patients with cirrhosis, independently of the procedure performed. These factors can be used in determining operative mortality risk and whether elective surgical procedures can be delayed until after liver transplantation.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后低氧血症危险因素研究

目的 分析冠状动脉旁路移植术后低氧血症发生的危险因素,探讨其预防和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我院198例冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者,男性140例,女性58例,年龄40～84（66.36±9.29）岁.机械通气（FiO2＞45％）或面罩给氧（氧流量＞6 L/min）,术后PaO2低于[102-（0.33×年龄）]mm Hg者,确诊为低氧血症,对其术前、术中、术后相关因素进行单因素及多因素回归分析.结果 术后低氧64例,低氧发生率32.3％,成功纠正低氧60例,余4例出现多器官功能衰竭死亡,纠治率93.8％.术前、术中、术后单因素分析有统计学意义的因素包括吸烟史、糖尿病病史、术后胸腔积液、术后肺部感染、呼吸机辅助通气时间、血管病变根数、术后24h引流量、RBC输注量、术中液体入量、手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间和术前PaO2.多因素回归分析CABG术后低氧血症的独立危险因素有：术后肺部感染（OR=10.906,95％CI3.082～38.592）、血管病变支数（OR=3.432,95％CI 1.552～7.590）、吸烟史（OR =2.385,95％CI 1.181～4.815）、糖尿病史（OR=2.542,95％CI1.253～5.157）,预测强度依次递减（P＜0.05）.结论 充分认识CABG术后低氧血症的危险因素,合理的围术期处理可有效防治CABG术后低氧.     

Difficulties in diagnosing acute kidney injury post liver transplantation using serum creatinine based diagnostic criteria

Renal function in patients with advanced cirrhosis is an important prognostic factor for survival both prior to and following liver transplantation. The importance of renal function is reflected by the introduction of the model for end stage liver disease(MELD) score, which includes serum creatinine. The MELD score has been shown to predict the short term risk of death for transplant wait listed patients and is currently used by many countries to allocate liver transplants on the basis of severity of underlying illness. Changes in serum creatinine are also used to stage acute kidney injury. However prior to liver transplantation the serum creatinine typically over estimates underlying renal function, particularly when a colorimetric Jaffe based assay is used, and paradoxically then under estimates renal function post liver transplantation, particularly when immunophyllins are started early as part of transplant immunosuppression. As acute kidney injury is defined by changes in serum creatinine, this potentially leads to over estimation of the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury in the immediate post-operative period.     

术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流对肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者肝移植效果的影响

目的 评价术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流对拟行肝移植的肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者肝移植效果的影响.方法 将2003年2月-2005年12月在我院行肝移植术的肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者随机分为对照组(单纯药物治疗)和实验组(术前加穿刺置管腹水引流),分析治疗效果,并对肝移植疗效(包括随访)进行比较.结果 实验组穿刺置管腹水引流操作中无并发症发生,治疗后症状缓解率明显高于对照组,体重降低,尿量增加,尿蛋白降低,移植后半年血肌酐明显低于治疗前.对照组治疗后较治疗前MELD评分分值显著性升高.结论 术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流技术安全稳定,相比单纯药物治疗,综合治疗能够提高肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者的术前状况.     

Utility of preoperative scores for predicting morbidity after cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk for cholelithiasis but also have an increased risk for morbidity and mortality after cholecystectomy. Current preoperative assessment of surgical risk is imprecise. Our aims were to identify preoperative factors that would accurately predict the risk for cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Preoperative clinical or biochemical parameters were determined for 33 patients with cirrhosis and 31 age- and sex-matched patients without cirrhosis. The use of these parameters and of the Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores as preoperative predictors of outcome after surgery were assessed. RESULTS: There were 2 deaths, both in cirrhotic patients. The overall risk for morbidity or mortality was increased in cirrhotic patients compared with controls. Postoperative morbidity was significantly associated with preoperative increases of international normalized ratio >1.2, bilirubin >1.0 mg/dL, creatinine >1.4 mg/dL, and a decreased platelet count <150 x 10(3) /mL. The MELD and Child-Pugh scores accurately predicted postoperative morbidity, with an area under the curve of 0.938 and 0.839, respectively. A preoperative MELD score of > or =8 had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 77% for predicting postoperative morbidity. Persons with a MELD score of > or =8 had increased 30- and 90-day global charges and increased blood product usage. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative biochemical parameters, international normalized ratio, bilirubin, platelets, and creatinine can predict increased morbidity in cirrhotic patients. A MELD score of > or =8 identifies a group at high risk for postoperative morbidity after cholecystectomy.     

Risk Factors for the Incidence and Severity of Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation

Objective: To explore risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its severity after liver transplantationMethods: This was a retrospective cohort of consecutive adults undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at a referral hospital. Risk factors for AKI from 1week post-liver transplantation and 4-week outcomes were analysed. Further analyses of factors that influenced the severity of AKI were also performed. Results: A total of 204 patients were included. AKI was found in 55.4% of patients in the first week after OLT. Risk factors for AKI were recipient’s sex, BMI, preoperative creatinine, preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, cold ischaemia time, duration of surgery, duration of inferior vena clamping, postoperative peak lactate and postoperative peak AST, which were higher in the AKI group. Four weeks after liver transplantation, 20.4% of AKI patients still had abnormal renal function and a mortality rate of 3.6%, and these values were significantly higher than those of patients without AKI (P < .05). Conclusion: Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors can all lead to AKI after OLT.     

肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭的危险因素分析

目的分析肝移植术后早期急性肾功能衰竭发生的相关危险因素。方法回顾性研究92例肝移植病例，对术前的血清总胆红素水平、凝血酶原活动度水平、终末期肝病模型评分、血清肌酐水平，是否存在肾脏结构性病变，是否出现休克，是否出现消化道出血，是否大量放腹水，是否行血浆置换治疗，是否需要肾脏替代治疗，术中是否使用静脉静脉转流，术中出血量和术后使用的免疫抑制剂种类等进行多因素分析，寻找术后1个月内发生肾功能衰竭的危险因素。结果术后共有29例患者发生肾功能衰竭，占全部病例的31．5％。多因素分析表明，术前高血清肌酐水平和低凝血酶原活动度水平是肝移植术后发生肾功能衰竭的危险因素。结论肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭发病率较高，术前高血清肌酐水平和低凝血酶原活动度水平是肝移植术后早期肾功能衰竭的危险因素。