术前单用静脉铁剂对胃肠肿瘤相关性贫血的治疗作用

目的评估术前单用静脉铁剂对升高胃肠肿瘤合并贫血患者的治疗作用。方法收集2010年6月-2012年2月北京协和医院基本外科住院并接受手术治疗的胃肠肿瘤合并术前贫血的患者,对贫血合并缺铁的患者给予静脉铁剂治疗,在手术当日晨起或铁剂治疗后第14天晨起复查血常规、血清铁、铁蛋白水平、转铁蛋白以及肝肾功能的检查,记录围手术期患者接受输血剂量,与同期住院合并贫血患者的围手术期输血量进行比较。结果共有121例患者入组。术前静脉铁剂的应用能迅速的提高血色素水平,升高红细胞数量,改善红细胞的MCV、MCHC和MCH指标。静脉铁剂治疗后短期内血清铁以及血清铁蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗前血色素水平≥100 g/L的患者对静脉铁剂的反应较差。铁剂治疗组与同期未行铁剂治疗的胃肠肿瘤并贫血患者围手术期平均输血量差别比较明显(P<0.05)。结论在胃肠肿瘤合并贫血患者中,单用静脉铁剂能安全、快速提高患者的血色素水平以及机体缺铁状态,并降低贫血患者围手术期输血量。静脉铁剂的疗效可能受贫血程度影响。     

Elliptocytes and tailed poikilocytes correlate with severity of iron-deficiency anemia

This study examines the relationships between abnormal RBC morphology, RBC indices measured with an automated hematology analyzer, serum iron studies, and severity of anemia in patients with findings indicative of iron-deficiency anemia. Counts and morphologic classification of 1,000 RBCs from each of 22 patients were performed, and correlations were determined between parameters. The Student t test was used to determine the level of significance for correlations between parameters. Several significant relationships were found. As the percentage of elliptocytes increased, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, RBC concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin level decreased (r = .48, .44, .40, and .49, respectively; P < .05). As the percentage of tailed poikilocytes increased, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and RBC concentration decreased (r = .70, .77, and .71, respectively; P < .01) and RBC distribution width increased (r = .73; P < .01). Of significance, serum ferritin levels, long considered the best single indicator of iron deficiency, showed no correlation with the morphologic abnormalities assessed, severity of anemia, or any of the analyzer-generated indices. Our results indicate that microscopic evaluation of RBC morphology remains an important tool for the pathologist to evaluate the severity of anemia in patients with iron deficiency.     

同种肾组织移植改善肾性贫血的基因水平检测

背景：促红细胞生成素分泌不足使慢性肾衰所引起的贫血(肾性贫血)难以改善。 目的：观察肾组织移植对肾性贫血大鼠促红细胞生成素基因表达的影响。 方法：80只Wistar大白鼠随机均正常对照组,病例对照组、重组人类促红细胞生成素组和肾组织移植组,后3组建立慢性肾功能衰竭动物模型。 结果与结论：60 d时移植组血红蛋白水平及血清促红细胞生成素高于病例对照组(P < 0.05),与重组人类促红细胞生成素组比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。移植组肾组织EPO mRNA表达显著高于病例对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示肾组织移植改善肾性贫血的作用机制是促进肾组织EPO mRNA的基因表达,使肾脏合成促红细胞生成素增多,从而提高血红蛋白水平。     

促红细胞生成素、叶酸、维生素B12、铁蛋白检测在缺铁性贫血诊疗中的应用分析

探讨缺铁性贫血(IDA)发病机理,为诊断、治疗、预后判断提供依据.用化学发光免疫分析法,对240例缺铁性贫血患者、30名对照者及112例IDA患者在对症治疗和口服力蜚能、生血宁治疗一个疗程(30天)前后,体内血清中促红细胞生成素(EPO)、叶酸(FA)、维生素B12(vit B12)、铁蛋白(Fer)水平变化及EPO/Fer、vit B12/ FA比值的变化进行测定,并进行统计学分析.结果表明,缺铁性贫血组与对照组比较,EPO、FA、 vit B12、EPO/Fer、vit B12/ FA有显著性差异(P<0.05～0.001),EPO、Fer水平及EPO/Fer比值变化在IDA患者治疗前后比较呈正相关(r=0.875, t=4.256,P<0.001).缺铁性贫血虽主要是由铁的供应和贮存铁缺乏引起,但与体内EPO、FA、Fer、vitB12水平变化密切相关,EPO、Fer水平及其比值变化与IDA的发生、发展、治疗和预后判断有一定关系,是诊断和鉴别IDA的重要指标.     

Defective erythropoiesis in bone marrow is a mechanism of anemia in children with cancer

Evaluation of the mechanism of anemia in cancer patients might help to select patients for the more efficient use of erythropoietin (EPO, a growth factor for erythroid precursor cells). For this, we investigated whether the production of EPO responds to anemia and the bone marrow responds to EPO appropriately, and whether chronic inflammation is inhibitory to erythropoiesis in anemic cancer children. Serum levels of EPO, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in anemic cancer children were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and then the correlation coefficients between those parameters and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined. Both in leukemia and in solid tumor patients, there were significant inverse correlations between Hb and EPO (leukemia: tau=-0.547, p<0.0001; solid tumor: tau=-0.591, p<0.0001), and between sTfR and EPO (leukemia: tau=-0.223, p<0.05; solid tumor: tau=-0.401, p<0.05). In contrast, sTfR showed a correlation with Hb in leukemia (tau=0.216, p<0.05) but not in solid tumor patients. sTfR was suppressed in 53% of anemic episodes of leukemia and 78% of those of solid tumor patients. Our results suggest that in cancer children, the EPO production is not defective and chronic inflammation is not inhibitory to erythropoiesis. Rather, the defective erythropoiesis itself is thought to be responsible for the anemia.     

Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels in patients with lung cancer

Epidemiological studies indicate that low serum total cholesterol level may increase the risk of death due to cancer, mainly lung cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in patients with squamous cell and small cell lung cancer and their dependence on the histological type and the clinical stage of the neoplasm. Lung cancer patients (n=135) and healthy controls (n=39) entered the study. All lung cancer patients had higher rate of hypocholesterolemia and lower TC and TG levels than the control group. TC concentration was lower in lung cancer patients and in both histological types in comparison with the control group, TG level was lower only in patients with squamous cell lung cancer. There were no statistically significant differences of TC and TG levels between the histological types, or between the clinical stages of each histological type.     

Decreased erythropoietin response in patients with the anemia of cancer

Patients with solid tumors are often anemic even before they undergo cytotoxic therapy. Since the cause of the anemia of cancer is unknown, we examined the possible role of erythropoietin. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, we determined serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels in 81 anemic patients with solid tumors. For any given degree of anemia, the serum concentration of immunoreactive erythropoietin was lower in this group of patients than in a group of control patients with iron-deficiency anemia (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the expected inverse linear relation between serum levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin and of hemoglobin was absent in the group with cancer. The erythropoietin response was further decreased in patients receiving chemotherapy; it was not influenced by the presence or absence of cisplatin in the treatment regimen. The inability of the patients with cancer to produce erythropoietin was not absolute; if they had hypoxemia, adequate erythropoietin production was restored. We conclude that erythropoietin levels are inappropriately low in anemia associated with cancer, and that erythropoietin deficiency may contribute to the development of this form of anemia. Treatment of the anemia of cancer with erythropoietin may be of value.     

细胞角蛋白片段19等指标在非小细胞肺癌诊断中的应用

目的　研究胸水和血清细胞角蛋白片段 19(CK - 19)等指标在非小细胞性肺癌 (NSCLC)实验室诊断中的应用价值 .方法　采用ELISA法检测 4 5例NSCLC、5 0例良性肺疾病患者血清和胸水中CK - 19水平 ,30例健康体检者血清CK - 19水平 ,同步测定了乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、腺苷脱氨酶 (ADA)、C反应蛋白 (CRP)、癌胚抗原 (CEA)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平 ,进行显著性检验及相关性分析 .结果　NSCLC组血清和胸水中CK - 19、CEA和LDH水平均明显高于良性肺疾病组 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,而血清ADA水平均低于良性肺疾病组和健康对照组 (p <0 .0 5 ) .良性肺疾病组血清和胸水CRP水平明显高于NSCLC组 (p <0 .0 5 ) .胸水中CK - 19水平与血清CK - 19水平高度相关 (NSCLC组r=0 .86 8;良性肺疾病组r=0 .5 4 6 2 ) .胸水和血清CK - 19对肺癌的诊断敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为 93.3%和 71.1%、91.7%和 87.5 %、92 %和 81.6 % .结论　胸水和血清CK - 19检测对NSCLC的诊断是一个较好的指标 ,联合检测相关指标有助于临床诊断     

复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片联合促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血的疗效

目的 探讨复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片联合促红细胞生成素（EPO）治疗肾性贫血的临床效果。方法 选取2017年6月~2019年6月我院收治的50例肾性贫血患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各25例。对照组给予复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予EPO治疗,比较两组临床疗效、贫血相关指标水平及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗后,观察组总有效率为84.00%,高于对照组的64.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组红细胞比容（Hct）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清铁蛋白（SF）、血清铁（SI）、总铁结合力（TIBC）、血清转铁蛋白饱和度（TSAT）水平均较治疗前改善,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 复方硫酸亚铁叶酸片联合EPO治疗肾性贫血患者,有利于提高治疗效果,改善贫血指标,不良反应轻微,且均在机体耐受范围内。     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清中纤维母细胞生长因子受体表达意义及其与血清肿瘤标志物的相关性研究

目的 研究非小细胞肺癌患者血清中纤维母细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor-1,FGFR1)表达意义及其与血清肿瘤标志物的相关性。方法 研究对象选取我院收治的非小细胞肺癌患者65例,并选取同期14例肺良性病变患者、25例原发性肝癌患者及35名健康体检者作为对照组,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测各组受试者血清FGFR1 DNA表达水平,采用电化学发光法检测肺癌患者血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin-19-fragment,Cyfra21-1)以及神经特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平。比较各组血清FGFR1 DNA表达水平的差异并进行ROC曲线分析血清FGFR1水平诊断肺癌的准确性。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析肺癌患者血清FGFR1表达水平与CEA、Cyfra21-1及NSE的相关性。结果 单因素方差分析显示:各组血清FGFR1 DNA表达水平差异具有统计学意义(F=249.38,P<0.001);且肺癌患者血清FGFR1 DNA表达水平明显高于良性病变组(t=11.41,P<0.01)、肝癌组(t=9.09,P<0.01)及健康组(t=36.96,P<0.01);不同临床特征肺癌患者血清FGFR1 DNA表达水平具有明显差异,其中鳞癌患者血清FGFR1表达水平明显高于腺癌和其他肺癌(F=45.22,P<0.001),晚期(Ⅲ~Ⅳ)肺癌患者明显高于早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ)肺癌患者(F=171.11,P<0.001),淋巴结转移阳性患者明显高于阴性患者(F=125.34,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示:AUC=0.904>0.5具有诊断价值,最佳诊断临界值为1.79×10^5copies/μL,灵敏度为94.65%,特异性为82.76%。Pearson相关性分析显示:鳞癌患者血清FGFR1表达与CEA、Cyfra21-1及NSE均呈明显正相关(P<0.05),其中与Cyfra21-1的相关性最大(r=0.528);腺癌患者血清FGFR1表达与CEA呈弱相关关系(r=0.145,P=0.03),与Cyfra21-1、NSE均无明显相关性;其他类型肺癌患者血清FGFR1表达与CEA、Cyfra21-1及NSE均无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论 肺癌患者血清FGFR1表达具有显著的临床意义,在肺癌的诊断中具有较高的诊断效能,另外FGFR1的表达与血清肿瘤标志物具有明显相关性,进一步表明其在肺癌的诊断、病理分型及预后的评估等方面具有重要临床意义。     

Prevalence and correlates of anemia and uncontrolled anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients--the Campania Dialysis Registry

BACKGROUND: This study investigated prevalence and correlates of anemia and uncontrolled anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on registry data for 2,746 chronic (>6 months) hemodialysis patients aged 25-84. Data collection included years of dialysis, hours of dialysis/wk, disease causing hemodialysis, body mass index (BMI), erythropoietin (EPO) treatment, hemoglobin, markers of viral hepatitis, serum albumin, calcium, and phosphorus. RESULTS: Prevalence was 88.7% for anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/100 mL and EPO treatment at any Hb level), 39.4% for uncontrolled anemia (hemoglobin<11 g/100 mL). Gender, years of dialysis, hereditary cystic kidney disease (HCKD), and low BMI (<24 kg/m2) were independent correlates of anemia (P<0.001). Gender, HCKD, low BMI, serum albumin and calcium were independent correlates of uncontrolled anemia (P<0.05). An interaction was found between age (not correlated with anemia and uncontrolled anemia) and the association of gender with uncontrolled anemia (P<0.05). EPO doses were higher in patients with high prevalence of uncontrolled anemia than in patients with low prevalence (i.e., women vs men, other diseases vs HCKD, low vs not-low BMI, P<0.01). Gender, years of dialysis, HCKD, BMI, serum albumin, and calcium were independent correlates of the hemoglobin/EPO dose ratio in patients on EPO treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Anemia and uncontrolled anemia are more frequent in hemodialysis patients with shortterm dialysis, diseases other than HCKD, low BMI, and female gender. Gender effect was lower in elderly patients. Uncontrolled anemia was also associated with low serum albumin and calcium, suggesting that these parameters are indices of EPO resistance.     

Serum HDL cholesterol concentration in patients with squamous cell and small cell lung cancer

Cancer patients often present altered serum lipid profile including changes of HDL cholesterol level. The aim of our work was to evaluate serum level of HDL cholesterol in patients with squamous cell and small cell lung cancer and its dependence on histological type and clinical stage of lung cancer. Fasting serum level of HDL cholesterol was analysed in 135 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and compared to a control group of healthy men. All lung cancer patients, as well as subgroups of squamous cell and small cell lung cancer had statistically significantly lower HDL cholesterol concentration than controls. There were no statistically significant differences of HDL cholesterol level between the histological types or between clinical stages of each histological type of lung cancer.     

FA、VitB12与Hcy检测对老年巨幼细胞性贫血与骨髓增生异常综合征的鉴别诊断价值

目的 分析对比老年巨幼细胞性贫血（MA）和骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者的实验室指标特点,并探讨其临床意义.方法 对121例老年MA患者和81例老年MDS患者的外周血像、血清造血原料水平、总胆红素、间接胆红素、同型半胱氨酸等实验室指标进行回顾分析.结果 MA组的平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、胆红素、同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于MDS组（P＜0.05）;MA纽的白细胞计数、红细胞计数、维生素B12铁蛋白明显低于MDS组（P＜0.05）.两组间血红蛋白、血小板计数、红细胞体积分布宽度、叶酸水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 对于怀疑MA或MDS的老年患者,平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、总胆红素、间接胆红素、铁蛋白对于MA和MDS的鉴别诊断价值小,而叶酸、维生素B12联合同型半胱氨酸水平检测可用于两者鉴别,对于基层医院无条件检测叶酸、维生素B12的情况下,同型半胱氨酸水平升高提示叶酸和维生素B12缺乏,同型半胱氨酸水平升高为MA与MDS的鉴别诊断提供重要参考依据.     

肝细胞导向的促红细胞生成素基因转移在肾性贫血基因治疗的初步研究

目的探索用受体介导方法对肾性贫血基因治疗的可行性及疗效。方法构建一种克隆了促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）基因的ＥＢＶ复制子载体ｐＥＰＯ，该载体与半乳糖基化组蛋白结合形成可溶性的核酸蛋白复合物，以静脉注射的方式将复合物导入通过喂饲腺嘌呤造成肾性贫血大鼠，恢复正常饮食２周后，采血样检测血红蛋白的含量和红细胞数，并与对照组进行比较。结果注射ｐＥＰＯ复合物组的红细胞数和血红蛋白含量都有明显升高，实验组和对照组的红细胞数分别为每毫升４９２个和４０７个；血红蛋白含量分别１１．４ｇ／ｍｌ和９．１ｇ／ｍｌ。两组比较，Ｐ＜０．０１。提示ＥＰＯ基因已被导入动物体内并表达出目的蛋白，但肾衰症状并不改善。结论以上结果证明通过受体介导的基因转移技术可将ＥＰＯ基因导入实验动物体内并进行表达，改善肾性贫血     

Effect of Lactoferrin on Consequences of Acute Experimental Hemorrhagic Anemia in Rats

The effect of human lactoferrin on the arrest of experimental hemorrhagic anemia consequences was studied in rats. After six blood losses (days 1-4 and 7-8 of the experiment), the rats developed acute anemia: hemoglobin concentration decreased to 59% of the initial level, serum iron level decreased 3-fold. Intraperitoneal injections of lactoferrin (10 mg/day) for 4 days starting from day 7 led to an increase in hemoglobin level to 109% and of serum iron to 125% on day 14. In controls, hemoglobin level on day 14 was 70% and iron content 49% of the initial level. Ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in blood serum decreased after 5 blood losses returned to normal only in rats receiving lactoferrin. The results indicate that lactoferrin modifi ed ceruloplasmin activity in vivo, promoting normalization of iron metabolism     

血清C-反应蛋白在尿毒症血液透析病人中的意义

目的 探讨血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)在尿毒症血液透析病人中的意义.方法 选取58例规律血液透析的尿毒症病人,测定其CRP、血肌酐(Cr)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)及重组人促红细胞生成素(EPO)用量,将上述结果与50例健康人比较.结果 尿毒症血液透析病人血清CRP高于正常对照组(P=0.0364),且其变化与病人血肌酐值以及EPO用量呈正相关(P =0.0082;P =0.0072),与AIb、Hb值呈负相关(P =0.0383;P =0.0084).结论 尿毒症血液透析病人普遍存在慢性低度炎症,此炎症反应是尿毒症血液透析病人贫血、营养不良及EPO抵抗的原因之一.     

检测血液参数在常见小细胞性贫血患者中诊断鉴别的意义

目的明确不同检测血液参数在常见小细胞性贫血患者鉴别诊断中的意义。方法获取2017年10月至2018年9月在北京协和医院就诊的铁代谢相关疾病患者的血液标本,进行常规化验检查,同时检测网织红细胞血红蛋白含量(CHr)、铁蛋白(SF)、可溶性转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)、铁调素(hepcidin)等铁代谢相关指标,并比较其在不同疾病中表达的异同。结果缺铁性贫血(IDA)26例,慢性病性贫血(ACD)12例,地中海贫血(TA)12例,伴环形铁粒幼细胞增多的难治性贫血(RARS)12例。另有17名健康对照(NC)。平均红细胞体积(MCV):IDA和TA明显低于对照(P<0.01),且TA更低。平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC):ACD、IDA、TA、RARS均显著低于NC(P<0.01),其中IDA最低。网织红细胞计数:除RARS外,其他3者均显著高于NC(P<0.01),TA相较于ACD、IDA升高更为明显。CHr:ACD、IDA、TA较NC显著下降(P<0.01)。SF在IDA患者中较NC显著下降(P<0.01)且低于其他3种贫血,而ACD、RARS较NC显著升高(P<0.01)。转铁蛋白饱和度(TS)中:ACD、IDA、TA相对NC降低(P<0.01),而RARS相对NC显著升高(P<0.01),且高于其他3种贫血。sTfR和sTfR指数(sTfR/log SF)在IDA患者中相较于NC显著升高(P<0.01),且相对ACD、TA、RARS更高。ROC曲线分析显示:SF、sTfR指数对鉴别诊断IDA和ACD、TA、RARS具有较高的诊断准确性。结论综合利用外周血检测的常规指标及铁代谢参数指标可以初步区分不同类型的小细胞贫血并辅助鉴别诊断。     

肺癌患者血清MIC-1升高的临床价值

目的 研究巨噬细胞抑制因子-1（MIC-1）血清水平在肺癌诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测256例肺癌患者、44例肺良性疾病患者及229例正常对照人群血清MIC-1浓度,采用电化学发光免疫分析仪及化学发光免疫分析仪分别检测肺癌患者血清CEA、CA125、NSE、CYFRA21-1和SCC浓度.结果 肺癌组患者血清中MIC-1浓度显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.001）和肺良性疾病组（P ＜0.001）;根据ROC曲线和正常人群的MIC-1血清水平,设1000pg/mL为诊断肺癌的临界值,MIC-1检测肺癌的敏感性和特异性分别为69.5％和96.5％;在不同病理类型中,血清MIC-1对小细胞癌的诊断敏感性高于鳞癌和腺癌,低分化组患者血清MIC-1水平明显高于高分化＋中分化组（P＜0.05）;MIC-1诊断肺癌的敏感性优于已有标志物CEA、CA125、NSE、SCC和CYFRA21-1;在肺癌早期（I期和II期）阶段,MIC-1诊断敏感性优于五种标志物的联合诊断（I期：66.7％vs 50.0％,II期：72.7％ vs 69.0％）;六种标志物联合诊断则能使I期和II期肺癌诊断敏感性分别提高至77.1％和85.5％.结论 本研究在较大样本量中证实MIC-1在肺癌诊断中的临床应用价值,提示其可能成为比较理想的肺癌诊断及筛查标志物.     

尿毒症患者急性缺氧状态下血清红细胞生成素浓度的变化

７例尿毒症贫血患者在自发急性缺氧状态下，其血清红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）浓度显著提高（平均７倍），且与ＰＯ２呈负相关。缺氧状态纠正后血清ＥＰＯ浓度下降。提示尿毒症贫血患者的ＥＰＯ氧依赖调控系统功能尚存在，但处于不敏感的低调状态。进一步了解其机遇，则可能通过促进内源性ＥＰＯ的生成，有助于悄毒症贫血的治疗。     

Hepcidin expression in anemia of chronic disease and concomitant iron-deficiency anemia

Hepcidin is a key hormone governing mammalian iron homeostasis and may be directly or indirectly involved in the development of most iron deficiency/overload and inflammation-induced anemia. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of hepcidin in anemia of chronic disease. To characterize serum hepcidin, iron and inflammatory indicators associated with anemia of chronic disease (ACD), we studied ACD, ACD concomitant iron-deficiency anemia (ACD/IDA), pure IDA and acute inflammation (AcI) patients and analyzed the associations between hepcidin levels and inflammation parameters in various types of anemia. Serum hepcidin levels in patient groups were statistically different, from high to low: ACD, AcI > ACD/IDA > the control > IDA. Serum ferritin levels were significantly increased in ACD and AcI patients but were decreased significantly in ACD/IDA and IDA. Elevated serum EPO concentrations were found in ACD, ACD/IDA and IDA patients but not in AcI patients and the controls. A positive correlation between hepcidin and IL-6 levels only existed in ACD/IDA, AcI and the control groups. A positive correlation between hepcidin and ferritin was marked in the control group, while a negative correlation between hepcidin and ferritin was noted in IDA. The significant negative correlation between hepcidin expression and reticulocyte count was marked in both ACD/IDA and IDA groups. All of these data demonstrated that hepcidin might play role in pathogenesis of ACD, ACD/IDA and IDA, and it could be a potential marker for detection and differentiation of these anemias.