PET/CT检查在乳腺癌患者复发中的作用

目的研究乳腺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物出现异常后,PET/CT对早期发现乳腺癌复发的部位,及早进行治疗的价值。方法 82位乳癌患者,术后行常规复查时,出现1项或多项肿瘤标志物增高,常规行CT检查,检查后1-3个月内行PET/CT检查。当影像学检查提示阳性结节后,结果的最终判定是通过组织病理学诊断及随访。结果 PET/CT检查提示异常结节368个。真阳性：310个,假阳性：11个,真阴性：41个,假阴性：6个。在82名患者中,确诊为复发的真阳性患者：38名,假阳性：11名,真阴性：28名,假阴性：5名。结论乳腺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物异常后,PET/CT诊断复发的敏感性、特异性、准确性指标均高于CT。     

Detecting recurrence of gastric cancer: the value of FDG PET/CT

Purpose  In order to assess the diagnostic performance of Positron emission tomography/Computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting recurrence in gastric cancer patients with clinical or radiologic suspicion of recurrence after surgical resection. Materials and methods  Over a 4-year period, 105 post-operative patients with gastric cancer, who underwent PET/CT due to clinical or radiologic suspicion of recurrence during follow-up, were collected after confirming their PET/CT findings. The number and site of positive FDG uptake were retrospectively analyzed, and were correlated with the final diagnosis, by calculating the diagnostic values and assessing the causes of misdiagnosis. Results  Of all 105 patients, 75 patients were confirmed to have true recurrence with 108 recurrence sites. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for diagnosing true recurrence on a per-person basis were 75%, 77%, 89%, 55%, and 75%, respectively. On a per-lesion basis, 75 (69%) of 108 true recurrences showed positive FDG uptake, while 75 (89%) of 84 positive FDG uptake was confirmed to have true recurrence. Conclusion  PET/CT was relatively accurate in detecting recurrence in post-operative patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, PET/CT might be helpful in confirming the presence of recurrence particularly in patients who were highly suspicious of recurrence, because of its high positive predictability.     

Preoperative staging of colorectal cancer: CT vs. integrated FDG PET/CT

Accurate preoperative staging is essential in determining the optimal therapeutic planning for individual patients. The computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative staging of colorectal cancer, even if controversial, may be useful for planning surgery and/or neoadjuvant therapy, particularly when local tumor extension into adjacent organs or distant metastases are detected. There have been significant changes in the CT technology with the advent of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) scanner. Advances in CT technology have raised interest in the potential role of CT for detection and staging of colorectal cancer. In recent studies, MDCT with MPR images has shown promising accuracy in the evaluation of local extent and nodal involvement of colorectal cancer. Combined PET/CT images have significant advantages over either alone because it provides both functional and anatomical data. Therefore, it is natural to expect that PET/CT would improve the accuracy of preoperative staging of colorectal cancer. The most significant additional information provided by PET/CT relates to the accurate detection of distant metastases. For the evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer, CT has relative advantages over PET/CT in regard to the depth of tumor invasion through the wall, extramural extension, and regional lymph node metastases. PET/CT should be performed on selected patients with suggestive but inconclusive metastatic lesions with CT. In addition, PET/CT with dedicated CT protocols, such as contrast-enhanced PET/CT and PET/CT colonography, may replace the diagnostic CT for the preoperative staging of colorectal cancer.     

Therapy of local recurrence after colorectal cancer

A prospective study was undertaken of the incidence, symptoms, diagnostic measures and therapy of local recurrence of colorectal carcinoma following radical surgical management. 69 (16%) out of 434 patients developed recurrence of the tumour, which was local in 51 patients (12%). Half of the latter group was symptom free at the time of diagnosis. 45 out of the 51 patients were treated by surgery, a radical operation being feasible in 25 cases. 60% of these have survived for at least 30 months. The operative mortality was very low, with only one death, although extensive surgery was necessary in most of the cases. The preliminary results of this study support the hypothesis that a postoperative follow-up programme for patients with colorectal cancer leads to early detection of local recurrence and improves the chance of cure by surgical treatment.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在胃癌术后复发和转移中的诊断价值

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在胃癌术后复发及转移灶诊断中的价值。方法：胃癌术后患者112例,共行PET/CT检查150例次,图像分析采用视觉及半定量分析法（SUVave）,病灶根据病理学检查结果、多种影像学检查手段及临床随访确诊,随访时间半年以上。结果：112例患者中,16例存在肿瘤复发和转移,PET/CT诊断残胃复发的灵敏度为81.2%,特异性100%,准确性97.3%。复发病灶SUVave为4.4±1.2,吻合口炎性病灶SUVave为2.6±0.5,两者差异显著（t=3.9370,P=0.0005）。PET/CT诊断胃癌术后肿瘤转移的灵敏度94.1%、特异性96.7%和准确性95.5%。26例行两次以上PET/CT检查,第一次PET/CT检查发现复发或转移15例,经放化疗后6例PET显像示病情好转,随访6个月至2年患者均存活;9例治疗后PET显像示病情无明显变化或者出现新病灶,患者存活时间为3个月至1年。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT在胃癌术后复发和转移中有很好的诊断价值,并在监测胃癌术后复发放化疗疗效有一定的价值。     

Colorectal cancer staging: comparison of whole-body PET/CT and PET/MR

Purpose

Correct staging is imperative for colorectal cancer (CRC) since it influences both prognosis and management. Several imaging methods are used for this purpose, with variable performance. Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance (PET/MR) is an innovative imaging technique recently employed for clinical application. The present study was undertaken to compare the staging accuracy of whole-body positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) with whole-body PET/MR in patients with both newly diagnosed and treated colorectal cancer.

Methods

Twenty-six patients, who underwent same day whole-body (WB) PET/CT and WB-PET/MR, were evaluated. PET/CT and PET/MR studies were interpreted by consensus by a radiologist and a nuclear medicine physician. Correlations with prior imaging and follow-up studies were used as the reference standard. Correct staging was compared between methods using McNemar’s Chi square test.

Results

The two methods were in agreement and correct for 18/26 (69%) patients, and in agreement and incorrect for one patient (3.8%). PET/MR and PET/CT stages for the remaining 7/26 patients (27%) were discordant, with PET/MR staging being correct in all seven cases. PET/MR significantly outperformed PET/CT overall for accurate staging (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

PET/MR outperformed PET/CT in CRC staging. PET/MR might allow accurate local and distant staging of CRC patients during both at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up.

     

Post-surgical follow-up of colorectal cancer: role of contrast-enhanced CT colonography

Aim  

To evaluate the role of CT colonography (CTC) in the follow-up of patients having received partial colectomy for colorectal cancer.     

Incremental value of CT in PET/CT of patients with colorectal carcinoma

Background: We assessed the contribution of dedicated computed tomographic (CT) interpretation to the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) plus CT in imaging patients with suspected primary or metastatic colorectal carcinoma.Methods: One hundred PET/CT scans in 90 consecutive patients were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging was performed on a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. PET images were obtained from the skull base through the midthigh after intravenous administration of 15 to 20 mCi of [¹⁸F] fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Noncontrast axial CT images were obtained at the same anatomic locations, with 140 kV, 80 mA, 0.8 s/CT rotation, a pitch of 6, and a table speed of 22.5 mm/s. The CT component of the PET/CT study was reviewed independently by consensus of two blinded readers. Scans were evaluated for the presence of primary disease, local recurrence, and distant metastases. Results were compared with the PET/CT report. The gold standard was clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 6 months, surgery, or biopsy.Results: The study included 40 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 63 years (range, 31–92 years). The indications for the examination were to evaluate for recurrence of colorectal cancer in 83 cases, determine disease spread in 15 cases, and evaluate for possible primary malignancy in two cases with rising carcinoembryonic antigen. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the PET/CT report and of the combined PET/CT with dedicated CT interpretation were 0.914, 0.633, and 0.830 and 0.986, 1.000, and 0.980, respectively. The difference between PET/CT and the combined PET/CT with dedicated CT interpretation with respect to accuracy was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The CT portion of PET/CT provides valuable anatomic and pathologic information to the functional information provided by PET and helps improve the overall accuracy of the combined study.     

PET/CT诊断分化型甲状腺癌失分化患者复发及转移灶

目的 探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄精(18F-FDG)PET/CT显像对甲状腺球蛋白(TG)阳性而131I-诊断剂量全身显像(dWBS)阴性的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)复发和转移的诊断价值.方法 15例TG阳性而dWBS阴性DTC患者均接受18F-FDG PET/CT检测,以术后组织病理学或至少6个月的临床和影像学随访结果为诊断病灶性质的标准,得出其灵敏度和阳性预测值(PPV),并比较术前、术后TG变化.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT诊断DTC复发和转移的灵敏度和阳性预测值分别为93.33%和91.43%,术后TG值较术前TG值明显下降(P<0.05).结论 对于TG阳性而131I-dWBS阴性DTC患者的复发和转移,18F-FDG PET/CT是一种非常有用的检测手段和判断是否须行外科手术的可靠依据.     

18F-FDG PET/CT监测结肠癌术后复发转移

目的 评价PET/CT监测结肠癌术后复发转移的价值。方法 收集结肠癌术后可疑复发转移患者78例,男46例,女32例。回顾性分析比较PET/CT、传统影像学与组织病理学诊断或临床随访资料之间的差异,并比较PET/CT与传统影像学诊断结肠癌术后可疑复发转移的价值。结果 78例中,54例经组织病理学诊断或临床随访确诊存在复发、转移。PET/CT诊断结肠癌术后总体复发转移的灵敏度及准确率明显优于传统影像学,灵敏度分别为90.74%和51.85%(P<0.01),准确率分别为89.74%和58.97%(P<0.01)。PET/CT诊断结肠癌术后局部复发转移的灵敏度及准确率亦明显优于传统影像学,灵敏度分别为90.91%和42.42%(P<0.01),准确率分别为96.15%和75.64%(P<0.01)。结论 PET/CT在诊断结肠癌术后可疑复发转移中具有较高的灵敏度及准确率,是一种较理想的监测方法。     

Role of PET/CT in tuberculosis--can we distinguish tuberculoma from lung cancer by PET/CT examination

Differentiating lung cancers from tuberculoma is very important, because in Japan, lung granulomas arise mostly from tuberculosis. However, diagnosis of tuberculoma is very difficult, because of its nonspecific radiographic appearances and the difficulty of bacteriological confirmation of the disease. 18F-FDG PET have contributed significantly to the diagnosis of lung cancer, but FDG is not a cancer-specific agent, so tuberculoma also have been reported to accumulate. Recently, 18F-FDG PET is useful as tools in evaluation of disease activity or for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in patients with tuberculoma. It may be possible to distinguish patients with tuberculoma from those with lung cancer by serial 18F-FDG PET examination (ie, before and after specific treatment of antituberculous treatment for several months).     

PET/CT

Molecular imaging is the visualization of specific molecular targets or its entire metabolic pathways and cells in the clinic or in living animals, especially for cancer diagnosis. Current molecular imaging techniques allow us to detect disease much earlier, to stage cancer much more accurately and noninvasively. Molecular imaging has grown to include nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and MR imaging. Hybrid techniques such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, PET/MRI, and fluorescence imaging also have been included in molecular imaging. Hybrid imaging actually brings together all the information that is necessary for clinical diagnosis of cancer. PET/CT is a hybrid nuclear imaging technique that has been widely adopted by radiologists in oncology practice. The success of combining PET with CT imaging is due to not only the benefits of functional imaging but also an effective anatomic correlation with computed tomography.     

Local colorectal cancer recurrence: pelvic MRI evaluation

Surveillance of colorectal cancer is currently based on dosage of tumoral markers, colonoscopy and multidetector row computed tomography. However, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET–CT are two second-line useful imaging modalities to assess colorectal cancer local recurrence (LR). The anatomical information derived from MRI combined to the functional information provided by diffusion-weighted imaging currently remain of value. Pelvic MRI is accurate not only for detection of pelvic colorectal recurrence but also for the prediction of absence of tumoral invasion in pelvic structures, and it may thus provide a preoperative road map of the recurrence to allow for appropriate surgical planning. As always, correlation of imaging and clinical findings in the multidisciplinary forum is paramount. MRI can also be used to follow-up LR treated with radiofrequency ablation. The aim of this review is to discuss clinical practice and application of MRI in the assessment or pelvic recurrence from colorectal cancer.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在胰腺癌的应用

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法：61例胰腺占位性病变患者行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,并与同机CT相比较。所有病例最后确诊依据手术或活组织病理学检查、多种影像学检查及临床随访确诊,随访时间＞5个月。结果：在61例胰腺占位性病变患者中,胰腺癌48例,良性病变13例。18F-FDG PET/CT对胰腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为100%、76.9%、95.1%、94.1%、100%。胰腺癌病灶平均SUV 4.5±1.9与胰腺良性病变平均SUV 2.3±2.5两者差异显著（P=0.001）。48例胰腺癌确诊时18F-FDG PET/CT发现36例胰腺癌病灶侵犯毗邻组织。在胰腺癌患者中,24例（50.0%）患者发生淋巴结转移,25例（52.1%）存在远处脏器或/和组织转移。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT在胰腺癌的诊断、临床分期中有重要价值。18F-FDG PET/CT应作为CT诊断胰腺癌的一种补充方法。     

18F-FDG PET/CT评估乳腺癌治疗后复发或转移价值的Meta分析

[摘要] 目的 评价18F-FDG PET/CT对乳腺癌患者综合治疗后复发或转移的诊断价值。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数字化期刊数据库和中国期刊全文数据库等,检索时间截止2013年10月。制定纳入文献的选择标准,并根据QUADAS评分表评价纳入文献质量。利用Metadisc1.4和Stata 12.0 软件进行数据分析,计算合并敏感性(SEN)、特异性(SPE)、阳性似然比(+LR)、阴性似然比(-LR)、诊断比值比(DOR)及其95%可信区间(CI),使用森林图和卡方检验评估异质性,绘制汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC）。 结果 19篇文献符合纳入标准（1196例患者/1696个病灶）,与金标准相比,以患者为研究单元：15篇(923例患者)研究PET/CT最终的SEN合并、SPE合并及AUC合并分别为0.93 [95%CI (0.90, 0.95)]、0.82［95%CI (0.78, 0.86)］、0.9344;以病灶为研究单元：8篇（1696病灶数）研究PET/CT的SEN合并、SPE合并及AUC合并分别为0.93 [95%CI (0.92, 0.95)]、0.83 [95%CI (0.78, 0.87)]、0.9546。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对乳腺癌患者综合治疗后的复发或转移具有较高的敏感性和特异性,复发或转移病灶的早期发现可为临床进一步治疗提供依据。