柯萨奇B组病毒感染对肌酸激酶同工酶影响的研究

目的　动态观察磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)的变化 ,分析柯萨奇B组病毒 (CVB)感染对CK MB的影响。方法　对上呼吸道感染 (A组 ) 132例、病毒性心肌炎 (B组 ) 80例 ,测定CK MB采用电泳法 ,CVB测定采用ELISA间接法。结果　①入院时上呼吸道感染和病毒性心肌炎患儿CK MB均异常 ,分别是 (35 6 8± 11 33)IU/L、(32 44± 10 0 5 )IU/L ;上呼吸道感染患儿的CK MB恢复较病毒性心肌炎患儿快 (P <0 0 1)。②CVB阳性患儿CK MB异常率高于CVB阴性组 (P <0 0 1)。③CVB感染在病毒性心肌炎患儿CK MB异常持续时间较呼吸道感染患儿长 (P <0 0 1)。结论　①呼吸道感染时CK MB异常率高 ,但恢复较快。②CVB感染对CK MB影响明显。③CK MB动态观察对病毒心肌炎防治有价值     

小儿病毒性心肌炎与Fas／Fas1介导的外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的关系

目的探讨Fas／Fas1介导的外周血淋巴细胞凋亡在病毒性心肌炎发病中的作用。方法选择临床诊断病毒性心肌炎患儿和正常小儿各25例,采用Annexin V／PI双参数法经流式细胞仪定量检测两组小儿外周血淋巴细胞凋亡百分率,并用双色流式细胞仪检测外周血淋巴细胞Fas、Fas1蛋白表达。结果心肌炎患儿外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率[（0．6976±0．1109）％]较正常对照组[（0．1288±0．1069）％]明显升高（t=18．459,P〈0．001）,且与肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、羟丁酸脱氢酶升高程度均呈正相关（r=0．817,P〈0．01;r=0．785,P〈0．01;r=0．726,P〈0．01;r=0．712,P〈0．01）;心肌炎患儿外周血淋巴细胞Fas、Fas1蛋白表达[（2．8804±0．302O）、（4．4496±0．4836）]较对照组[（2．1300±0．6200）、（0．1238±0．0384）]明显增加（t=17．321,P〈0．001;t’=44．577,P〈0．001）;心肌炎患JLgb周血淋巴细胞凋亡百分率与Fas、Fas1蛋白表达均呈正相关（r：0．972,P〈0．01;r=0．958,P〈0．01）。结论病毒性心肌炎患儿外周血淋巴细胞凋亡增加,可能为细胞免疫功能下降的原因之一,且与心肌损害程度相关。Fas、Fas1基因在病毒性心肌炎患儿外周血淋巴细胞凋亡中起着重要作用。     

人微小病毒B19-DNA定量检测在儿童免疫性血小板减少症中的意义

目的探讨人微小病毒(HPV)B19-DNA定量检测在儿童免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)中的意义。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对126例ITP患儿和40例健康儿童血清标本进行HPVB19-DNA定量检测,同时检测其血小板相关抗体。结果 ITP患儿HPVB19阳性率(DNA载量>103Copies/m L为阳性)为34.9%;健康儿童均为阴性,两组间差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。新诊断ITP B19-DNA平均载量为107.55±2.05Copies/m L,持续性ITP为106.01±1.98Copies/m L,慢性ITP为104.72±1.07Copies/m L,三组间差异有极显著性(P<0.01);在ITP组中,HPVB19阳性的患儿血小板相关抗体PAIg G、PAIg A均显著高于HPVB19阴性ITP患儿,且B19DNA阳性组中DNA高载量的组别(≥107Copies/m L)血小板相关抗体显著高于DNA低载量的组别(103~107Copies/m L)。结论本组研究提示,HPVB19感染可能是导致小儿ITP的重要因素之一,且急性型和持续性ITP病毒DNA载量较高。血小板相关抗体浓度和HPVB19的DNA载量呈正相关。     

人类细小病毒B19感染与小儿风湿性疾病关系的探讨

目的研究人类细小病毒B19感染与小儿常见风湿性疾病的关系.方法用巢式PCR法对95例小儿常见风湿性疾病患者进行B19-DNA检测,对部分患者进行B19-IgM检测.结果 (1)病例组B19-DNA阳性33例(34.7%),健康对照组B19-DNA阳性2例(4.0%);病例组B19-DNA阳性率与对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)病例组B19-IgM检测50例,阳性11例(22.0%),健康对照组B19-IgM均为阴性;B19-IgM阳性率与对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.01).(3)过敏性紫癜、幼年类风湿性关节炎、皮肌炎、系统性红斑狼疮、川崎病患儿B19-DNA及IgM阳性率分别为25%和20%、37.2%和20%、40%和20%、42.9%和28.6%、37.5%和25.0%.五种风湿性疾病B19-DNA及IgM阳性率无显著差异(P＞0.05).(4)50例成对标本中,10例B19-DNA、IgM均阳性,1例仅B19-IgM阳性,7例仅B19-DNA阳性,B19-DNA和IgM 同时阴性32例,B19-DNA和IgM一致率为84.0%,两者结果有一致性 (P＜0.01);50例中B19-DNA阳性17例(34.0%),IgM阳性11例 (22.0%),两者差异无显著意义(P＞0.05).结论 (1)我国风湿性疾病患儿有较高的B19感染率.(2) B19与小儿风湿性疾病密切相关,可能是导致这些疾病的主要病原体之一.     

牛磺酸对小儿病毒性心肌炎血浆内皮素、丙二醛变化的影响

目的 探讨牛磺酸对小儿病毒性心肌炎血浆内皮素（ET－1）、丙二醛（MDA）变化的影响。方法 53例患儿随机分为一般治疗组及牛磺酸治疗组。检测治疗前后血浆ET－1（采用放射免疫法）、MDA（采用改良的硫代巴比妥酸法）浓度，观察临床改善情况。结果 患儿组与健康组血浆ET－1、MDA有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；牛磺酸治疗组与一般治疗组的临床改善情况、血浆ET－1、MDA亦有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论 血浆ET－1、MDA参与小儿病毒性肌炎的病理生理过程；牛磺酸可能通过抑制血浆ET－1的释放及其拮抗作用，减少MDA的生成而实现对心肌的保护。     

病毒性心肌炎柯萨奇B组病毒中和抗体的检测

探讨抗柯萨奇B病毒（CVB）中和抗体在正常小儿的水平和诊断病毒性心肌炎中的作用。方法采用微量中和试验方法测定病毒性心肌炎患儿和正常小儿血清中抗CVB中和抗体水平，同时用ELISA方法测定心肌炎患儿CVB特异性IgM。结果正常小儿中和抗体检出率为77．27％（51／66），心肌炎组为95．28％（101／106）；心肌炎组中和抗体异常率73．58％（78／106），中和抗体异常儿中CVB－IgM阳性率为28．38％（21／74）。两组CVB型别分布均以B3感染为最多。结论病毒性心肌炎中以CVB3感染最为多见，因正常小儿CVB感染率很高，只有通过双份血清抗体效价4倍上升或下降才能证明近期存在感染。     

人类细小病毒B19感染与小儿急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的 探讨人类细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染与小儿急性特发性血小板减小性紫癜(ITP)发生的关系。方法对23例小儿急性ITP及17例对照组小儿用聚合酶链反应技术进行HPVB19一DNA的检测。结果 23例急性ITP患儿HPVB19一DNA阳性者7例,阳性率30.4％,17例对照组小儿HPVB19-DNA检测均阴性,两组间阳性率比较有非常显著性差异(x2=4.096,P<0.05)。结论小儿急性ITP的发生与HPVB19感染有关。     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿脑型肌酸激酶同工酶、胱抑素C的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨HIE新生儿血清脑型肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—BB）、胱抑素C（CysC）的变化。方法对56例HIE患儿（轻、中、重度分别为18、19、19例）及42例正常新生儿用日本O（ympus AU 1000全自动生化分析仪测定其血清CK—BB、CysC。结果1．中度HIE患儿血清CK—BB与对照组比较明显增高（P〈0．05），重度与轻度组比较明显增高（P〈0．05），重度组与对照组比较显著增高（P〈0．01）；各组HIE患儿CySC与对照组比较明显增高（P均〈0．01），中重度HIE患儿与轻度组比较血清CysC均显著升高（P均〈0．01）。2．新生儿血清CK—BB与CysC呈高度正相关（r=0．85P〈0．01）。结论联合检测血清CK—BB、CysC水平，可尽早发现HIE患儿的脑、肾损害。     

人类细小病毒B19感染与新生儿高间接胆红素血症

目的 探讨人类细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染与新生儿高间接胆红素血症(新生儿高胆)发生的关系。方法 对136例新生儿高胆及123例正常新生儿用聚合酶链反应技术进行血液HPVB19-DNA的检测。结果 136例新生儿高胆的患儿HPVB19-DNA阳性者48例，阳性率35．3％，123例正常新生儿HPVB19-DNA阳性者12例，阳性率9．8％，两组之间阳性率比较有非常显著性差异(x^2＝23．7，P＜0．005)。结论 新生儿高胆的发生与HPVB19感染有关。     

黄芪甲甙治疗Balb/c小鼠慢性柯萨奇B3病毒性心肌炎的疗效

目的观察黄芪甲甙对实验性小鼠柯萨奇B3病毒（CVB3）性心肌炎的疗效。方法Balb／c小鼠80只随机分为模型组（30只）、干预组（30只）、对照组（20只）。模型组和干预组小鼠1次／月腹腔接种CVB3，共3个月；对照组腹腔注射等容积不含病毒的培养液。对照组和模型组小鼠每日以饮用水喂养，干预组小鼠以加有羧甲基纤维素钠助溶的黄芪甲甙饮用水（质量浓度为300mg／L）喂养，观察小鼠生存率。3个月后处死所有存活小鼠，HE染色进行心肌病理检查、苦味酸天狼星红胶原染色后以自动图像分析系统计算胶原容积积分（CVF），采用原位末端标记法检测其心肌细胞凋亡指数，半定量反转录聚合酶链反应进行心肌CVB3 RNA和心肌组织凋亡检测。结果模型组生存率为59．7％，干预组生存率为76．7％，二组比较有显著性差异（χ^2=4．26P〈0．05）；模型组与干预组病理积分分别为（3．86&#177;0．47）、（1．72&#177;0．56），二组比较有显著性差异（t=4．21 P〈0．01）；模型组与干预组CVF分别为（17．4&#177;1．2）％、（8．6&#177;0．9）％，二组比较有显著性差异（χ^2=5．38P〈0．05）；模型组与干预组心肌细胞凋亡指数分别为（19．6&#177;5．2）％、（4．3&#177;2．5）％，二组比较有显著性差异（χ^2=35．16 P〈0．01）。干预组心肌组织中CVB3 RNA水平与模型组比较有非常显著的统计学意义[（0．69&#177;0．38）vs（1．24&#177;0．57），t=4．26 P〈0．01]。结论黄芪甲甙可能成为一种有效的治疗Balb／c小鼠慢性CVB3心肌炎的药物。     

血清心脏肌钙蛋白I对小儿病毒性心肌炎诊断和转归监测价值

目的：评价心脏肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)对小儿病毒性心肌炎的诊断价值,探讨其与肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)以及病毒性心肌炎的病程、病情演变等之间的关系。方法：采用免疫层析法和速率法测定38例病毒性心肌炎和24例非心肌炎患儿血清cTnI,CK-MB。间接ELISA法测定柯萨基病毒B1-6IgM(CVB1-6-IgM)。结果：病毒性心肌炎患儿血清cTnI和CK-MB阳性率分别为 89.5%,60.5%,明显高于非心肌炎组(8.3%,29.2%)和对照组(0)(P<0.05)。82.4% 的血清cTnI阳性出现在病程1周以内。CVB 1-6 IgM阳性与阴性组的cTnI和CK-MB阳性率差异无显著性。结论：血清cTnI反映心肌细胞损害的敏感性和特异性均高于CK-MB,有较宽的诊断时间窗,是一项极具临床价值的心肌炎诊断和转归监测新指标。     

Three Cases of Myocarditis in Childhood Associated with Human Parvovirus (B19 Virus)

We report three childhood cases of myocarditis associated with human parvovirus (B19 virus). All three children presented with significant cardiac decompensation, with one requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Left ventricular function was severely impaired in all three. Myocardial biopsy confirmed histological myocarditis and was positive for B19 virus by nested polymerase chain reaction. Serum was positive for IgG B19 virus but negative for IgM in all three cases. All three children were treated with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and immunosuppression. Prednisone and cyclosporin were continued until there was echocardiographic and histological improvement. All made a full clinical and echocardiographic recovery.     

颗粒酶B和可溶性Fas配体在病毒性心肌炎血清中的表达与心脏超声心功能的关系

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎(VM)患儿急性期血清颗粒酶B(GrB)和可溶性FasL(sFasL)水平变化及其与心脏超声和心脏收缩功能的关系。方法采用ELISA方法检测60例VM和40例健康儿童血清GrB和sFasL水平,同时对VM患儿行心脏超声及心功能检查。测定心脏指数(CI)、射血分数(EF)、心轴缩短率(SF)、每搏指数(SI)、左室内径(LV)、左房内径(LA)、右室内径(RV)。结果VM组GrB和sFasL水平显著高于对照组(P均<0.01);VM患儿血清GrB与sFasL水平呈正相关(r=0.7608 P<0.05);VM组GrB和sFasL升高者,心脏超声检查示心脏扩大、心肌动度减弱和心功能下降发生率明显增加(P均<0.05)。结论血清GrB和sFasL可作为判断VM患儿心肌损害程度及评估心功能的辅助指标。     

Cardiac toxicity of intravenous terbutaline for the treatment of severe asthma in children: a prospective assessment

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiac toxicity as measured by elevations in serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and to compare creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and findings on electrocardiography (ECG) as markers of cardiac toxicity with cTnT during the infusion of intravenous terbutaline for the treatment of severe asthma in children. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of patients receiving intravenous terbutaline for severe asthma. RESULTS: Only 3 (10%) of the 29 patients had elevations in cTnT. Each underwent mechanical ventilation for >72 hours, which was the earliest point at which cTnT elevations were identified. Eighteen (62%) patients had an elevation in CK, and 3 had an elevation in CK-MB fraction without an elevated cTnT. Twenty (69%) patients had ECG findings consistent with ischemia, and 19 of these patients had the ischemic findings on their preterbutaline ECG. Elevations in CK and CK-MB and ischemic changes on ECG did not correlate with elevations in cTnT. Both mechanical ventilation (P =.02) and prolonged administration (>72 hours) of intravenous terbutaline (P =. 02) were significantly associated with elevations in cTnT. CONCLUSIONS: We found no clinically significant cardiac toxicity from the use of intravenous terbutaline for severe asthma as measured by serum cTnT elevations.     

Elevation of Cardiac Troponin I in the Acute Stage of Kawasaki Disease

The study was performed to investigate the level of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a marker specific for myocardial damage, using a chemiluminescent immunoassay in the acute febrile stage of Kawasaki disease (KD). The study population consisted of 45 KD patients before intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG) therapy and a control group of 20 patients without KD. Among KD patients the results from measurements of the level of cTnI were positive in 18 cases (40%) and the creatine kinase (CK)-MB was positive in 11 cases (24%), but in the control group both the cTnI and CK-MB results were negative. Seven KD patients (15.6%) showed increases in both cTnI and CK-MB that were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.05); however, CK-MB is not heart-specific. A significant increase in the level of cTnI in the acute stage of KD suggests that acute myocarditis or myocardial cell injury begins in the early phase of the disease (p < 0.05). The serologic test for cTnI can thus be a useful method for the early diagnosis of acute myocarditis and may enable early treatment with IVGG to reduce the cardiovascular abnormalities in KD patients.     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白I诊断川崎病急性期心肌损伤的临床价值

为探讨血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)诊断川崎病(KD)急性期心肌损伤的临床价值。检测KD组(n=40)及对照组(n=23)患儿血清cTnI、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)与谷草转氨酶(GOT)浓度。结果显示①KD组与对照组血清CK、LDH、GOT浓度无显著性差别(P＞0.05);而血清cTnI、CK-MB浓度明显高于对照组水平(P＜0.001)。②在诊断KD患儿急性期心肌损伤上cTnI优于CK-MB(P＜0.05),。结果表明cTnI与CK-MB对KD患儿急性期心肌损伤有诊断价值;与CK-MB比较,cTnI具有高特异性、灵敏度。     

用PCR检测微小病毒B19对儿童急性白血病发病的影响

应用１％ＮＰ－４０处理骨髓涂片，套式ＰＣＲ扩增技术对２８例儿童急性白血病者进行微小病毒Ｂ１９ＤＮＡ检测，其中ＡＬＬ１５例，ＡＭＬ１３例。并对阳性者同时采用免疫表型检测，结果显示５例阳性，且均为ＡＬＬ患者。     

病毒性心肌炎的心功能改变及相关因素分析

目的了解病毒性心肌炎(VM)的心功能改变及相关因素.方法对152例病毒学确诊的心肌炎患儿测定其心功能,并分析心功能改变与抗心肌线粒体和心肌酶之间的关系.结果超声心动图检查,VM患儿每搏射血指数显著低于健康儿童;左室侧壁射血分数、室间隔射血分数和左室射血率显著低于健康儿童;二尖瓣环收缩运动和舒张早期运动速度显著低于健康儿童.心功能下降与抗心肌线粒体抗体阳性与否无关,肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)增高者心功能降低者多于CK-MB正常者.结论部分VM患儿心功能降低,心功能降低与CK-MB增高与否有关,与抗心肌线粒体抗体阳性与否无关.     

Diagnostic value of CK-MB isoenzyme determinations in children with craniocerebral injuries and polytrauma

Total creatine kinase (CK) and its myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were determined in 71 children with isolated acute head injury (N = 30), with head injury and polytrauma but without chesttrauma (N = 11) and with head injury and polytrauma including chest trauma (N = 30) on the second and third day after injury. Electrocardiograms were recorded in 56/71 children on each of the first three days in hospital. Elevations of CK-MB isoenzyme over 6% respectively over 10% of total CK are found as frequently in children with head injury without chest trauma as in children with head trauma and chest trauma. In addition there is no significant correlation between the level of the CK-MB and the incidence of ECG features characteristically associated with heart contusion. This study shows that the determination of CK-MB cannot be used as a criterion for diagnosing heart contusion in children with head injury. The finding of CK-MB in the serum of 53% children with isolated head injury exceeding 6% of total CK, and in the serum of 33% children exceeding 10% of total CK strongly suggests myocardial damage to be a frequent complication of cerebral damage with consecutive extreme sympathetic stimulation.