胎盘早剥78例临床分析

胎盘早剥是产科的危重症之一,早期诊断、及时治疗能有效地改善母儿预后。本文回顾性分析2000年1月至2008年12月于本院诊治的78例胎盘早剥患者的临床资料,以探讨胎盘早剥的综合诊断方法,从而有助于改善母婴结局。     

未足月胎盘早剥49例临床分析

胎盘早剥是妊娠中晚期一种严重的并发症,早期诊断和正确处理是降低母儿并发症及死亡的关键。本文对本院2007年1月至2009年4月收治的86例胎盘早剥病例资料进行回顾性分析,以探讨胎盘早剥的早期诊断方法。     

胎膜早破——难产的信号（附156例分析）

胎膜具有保持羊水及保护胎儿的功能。妊娠期胎膜在临产前自然破裂，羊水经阴道流出，称为胎膜早破，是威胁母婴健康的产科常见并发症。现通过对我院2003年10月-2004年10月的156例胎膜早破患者做回顾性分析，观察胎膜早破的分娩方式及结果，以更好地了解、认识胎膜早破与分娩的关系，为临床处理上提供参考，以助及早采取适当措施，减少孕妇及胎儿并发症的发生。     

Clinical significance of primary symptoms in women with placental abruption

Background: To evaluate the clinical significance of primary symptoms in women with placental abruption.

Methods: A retrospective study of 273 cases of placental abruption was performed. The subjects were classified into two groups according to primary symptoms: 210 cases of the vaginal bleeding group and 63 cases of the abdominal pain group. The clinical features, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between two groups.

Results: The incidence of preeclampsia and preterm birth in the vaginal bleeding group was significantly lower than abdominal pain group, while the incidence of premature rupture of membrane (PROM) in the former group was higher than that in the latter group. Both fetal and maternal outcomes were significantly poorer in the abdominal pain group than in the vaginal bleeding group in terms of rate of abnormal fetal heart monitoring (FHR), concealed abruption, abruption area over 50%, uteroplacental apoplexy, volume of postpartum hemorrhage, rate of blood transfusion, neonatal asphyxia and acidemia.

Conclusions: Primary symptoms of placental abruption were associated with preterm birth, preeclampsia and PROM, which could predict pregnancy outcomes effectively.     

Preterm labor,placental abruption,and premature rupture of membranes in relation to maternal violence or verbal abuse

Objective: The prevalence of preterm labor (PTL) in prenatal populations has been estimated to be from 6.9 to 10.0%. It has been suggested that violence during pregnancy may be associated with an increase in antenatal complications. The hypothesis is that physical violence and verbal abuse in pregnancy lead to increased risk of PTL.

Methods: A cohort of 636 women attending the Adult Obstetrical Clinic for their first prenatal visit, between December 1989 and September 1990, were approached; 567 women enlisted as study participants. Study participants were interviewed 3 times during the course of their prenatal care, and 401 participants successfully completed their third prenatal interviews. Violence data were obtained during the third interview. Obstetrical and neonatal outcome data were obtained by abstracting the maternal and neonatal medical records.

Results: When stratified by levels of violence, women who experienced moderate or severe violence had incidences of PTL of 15.4 and 17.2%, respectively. Chi-square test for homogeneity revealed a significant difference among these groups.

Conclusions: In our cohort of women, serious acts of verbal abuse and physical violence occurred with significant frequency. PTL was strongly correlated with increasing acts of violence with 4.1 times greater risk of PTL in women who experienced severe violence as compared to those who experienced no maternal abuse.     

The effect of placental abruption on the outcome of extremely premature infants

Objective: To determine the effect of placental abruption on the outcome of infants born between 22 and 26 weeks of gestation.

Methods: A retrospective study involving 32 cases of placental abruption. Controls were matched to cases according to gestational age and birth weight. Medical records were reviewed to confirm maternal background and neonatal outcome. We compared characteristics of maternal background and neonatal outcome between the two groups.

Results: There were no significant differences in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, low maternal fibrinogen (<200?mg/dl), premature rupture of membrane, intrauterine infection, ischemic changes of the placenta, or funisitis between the groups. Non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns (NRFHRs) during intrapartum were frequently seen in the placental abruption group compared to controls (75% versus 51%, p?=?0.02). However, no differences were found for the incidence of low umbilical artery pH (<7.1), cerebral palsy, or neonatal death. The incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD, 66% versus 43%, p?=?0.04) and hemosiderin deposition on the placenta (16% versus 0%, p?<?0.01) was higher in abruptions compared to controls.

Conclusion: Placental abruption has a risk for the development of NRFHRs and CLD in infants born between 22 and 26 weeks of gestation, but shows no effect on neonatal mortality.     

胎盘早剥的早期诊断

胎盘早剥最常见的症状是伴有疼痛性的阴道流血。预后的关键在于早期诊断和及时治疗。要提高对胎盘早剥的早期诊断能力,必须重视诱因和不典型的临床表现,并结合实验室检查早期诊断胎盘早剥,同其他重要的孕晚期出血疾病进行鉴别,及时处理,以改善母儿预后。     

胎盘早剥的早期临床诊断

目的探讨胎盘早剥临床漏诊的原因,提高胎盘早剥的早期诊断。方法对近5年在我院产科发生的40例胎盘早剥的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果胎盘早剥的发生率为0.60%。19例合并妊娠高血压疾病（47.5%）,16例孕妇没有任何胎盘早剥的高危因素（40%）。大部分孕妇临床表现不典型。前壁胎盘B超诊断率高于后壁胎盘（P〈0.05）,重度胎盘早剥B超诊断率高于轻度胎盘早剥（P〈0.05）。结论识别胎盘早剥的高危因素,根据病史、临床症状和体征,结合B超以及电子胎心监护,进行综合分析判断是提高胎盘早剥诊断的有效手段。     

重型胎盘早剥的诊断和处理

胎盘早剥病因未明,是妊娠晚期严重并发症,起病急,发展快,甚至危及母儿生命。尽早发现胎盘早剥能够避免母儿不良结局,如果发生重型胎盘早剥,及时的诊断及处理能够改善母儿预后。     

胎膜早破致早产266例临床分析

目的探讨早产性胎膜早破的临床处理及母儿结局。方法回顾分析。1993年1月～2002年12月因胎膜早破而早产的266例孕妇，对部分孕妇的宫颈分泌物进行培养并对感染性病因分组比较，采用SAS软件进行计算机统计分析。结果感染为导致胎膜早破的主要原因之一，且与胎膜早破及宫内感染密切相关(P＜0．05)。联合应用抗生素及宫缩抑制剂等适当保胎治疗可延长孕周，保胎组与无保胎组间宫内感染及剖宫产率的差异有显著性(P＜0．05)，＜35孕周的孕妇促胎肺成熟的差异有显著性(P＜0．05)，围生儿死亡的差异有显著性(P＜0．05)。结论早产性胎膜早破的主要病因是感染，应用抗生素及糖皮质激素可改善母儿预后。     

胎盘早剥合并弥漫性血管内凝血急诊处理

胎盘早剥是妊娠中晚期的严重并发症,合并弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)时,可导致孕产妇和围产儿的发病率及死亡率明显增加,早期诊断和急诊处理是改善围产结局的关键。急诊处理胎盘早剥合并DIC的主要措施在于维持血容量,补充凝血因子,并及时终止妊娠。胎儿存活者应剖宫产终止妊娠,胎儿已死亡者可考虑经阴道分娩。     

胎盘早剥的诊断和处理策略

胎盘早剥是妊娠晚期发生的一种危急重症,多致严重的产前和（或）产后出血,危及母儿生命。其典型症状为突发持续性腹痛,伴或不伴阴道流血,危重者可出现休克、弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）等。超声、实验室检查及胎心监护可实时监测病情的进展,根据病情进展和胎儿宫内状况综合评估终止妊娠的时机和方式,争取良好的母儿结局。     

Seasonal variation in placental abruption

Objective: To characterize seasonal patterns of placental abruption among Jewish and Bedouin parturients in the Southern part of Israel. Methods: A retrospective population-based study comparing all singleton pregnancies of patients with and without placental abruption was conducted. Deliveries occurred between the years 1988 and 2010. A ‘classical’ model of time series was used, allowing to assess trend and periodic patterns of placental abruption. Results: During the study period, 241,408 deliveries took place, of which 1685 (0.7%) were complicated with placental abruption. Placental abruption was significantly more common among Bedouin parturients: 0.77% (n = 948) vs. 0.623% (n = 737), p < 0.001. A non-linear negative correlation was noted in the incidence of placental abruption (coefficient = ?0.002) during the entire study period. Time series analysis demonstrated annual cycle frequency, seasonal cycle and weekly cycle of placental abruption. The seasonal incidence of placental abruption was higher during spring (B = 7.15) and lower during summer (reference) for both populations (Jewish and Bedouins). Weekly cycle showed significantly higher incidence on Saturday (B = 3.4) and lowest on Tuesday (B = ?4.66) for both groups. The daily differences were accentuated in the Bedouin population (B = 3.7 vs. B = 2.93 in the Jewish population). Conclusion: Placental abruption was significantly more common in the Bedouin population. Both populations demonstrated the same annual and seasonal patterns, with higher incidence in spring and autumn.