2型糖尿病患者深呼吸同导联QT间期的变化

通过深呼吸时心电图测定 ,观察 16 4例 2型糖尿病患者心电图II导联QT间期变化 ,旨在探讨深呼吸同导联QT间期改变反映 2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能受损的程度 ,探寻评价糖尿病心脏自主神经功能损害功能程度的非侵入性方法 ,了解 2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能受损与心血管病变并发症的关系 ,以使有效预防糖尿病心血管病变并发症。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　按美国糖尿病学会 (ADA) 1997年糖尿病诊断标准[1] ,1999年 6月至 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,在本院就医的 2型糖尿病 16 4例为观察组 ,男性 6 1例 ,女性 10 3例 ,年龄 31～ 80岁 ,平均 …     

慢性重型乙型肝炎患者QT间期延长意义初探

目的:探讨慢性重型乙型肝炎患者QT间期延长的临床意义。方法:选择30例慢性重型乙型肝炎患者(50例次)及30例慢性肝炎患者为对照组,对其心电图结果进行分析。结果:心电图改变呈多样性,尤以QT间期延长发生率高;慢性重型乙型肝炎组QT间期延长发生率与慢性乙型肝炎组比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.001),而且这种变化与慢性重型乙型肝炎其他期间比较差异也具有非常显著性(P<0.005)。结论:慢性乙型肝炎患者QT间期延长的发生率与病情严重程度相平行,在治疗过程中应避免或减少使用能使QT间期延长的药物,QT间期可以作为慢性重型乙型肝炎严重程度的指标之一。     

肝硬化患者肝移植前后心电图改变的分析

目的研究肝硬化患者肝移植术前及术后心电图改变,从而探讨肝移植对心电生理的影响。方法选取2007～2010年住院行肝移植术的患者37例,对其心电图结果进行分析;另设健康体检者60例为对照组。结果肝移植患者术前组与对照组心电图异常率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肝移植术后围手术期组与术后其他组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术前组与术后≤6个月组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前组与术后>6个月组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肝功能A级、B级、C级术后组QTc间期分别与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论肝硬化患者心电图异常率明显升高,主要表现为QTc间期延长,且随肝损害严重程度加重而延长;肝移植术后,心电图异常率下降,QTc间期较术前缩短,心电生理得到改善;围手术期心电图异常率增高,临床医师应密切注意肝移植患者围手术期心电图的变化,及时治疗心脏并发症。     

帕金森病的心电图心率校正QT间期改变

帕金森病（Parkinson＇s disease,PD）是一种以运动障碍为主要表现的神经系统原发变性疾病,除了静止性震颤、肌强直、运动减少及姿势障碍等运动障碍之外,本病尚存在明显的自主神经功能不全,如直立性低血压及晕厥等。有研究认为帕金森病患者心电图QTc间期延长且可能与自主神经功能异常有关,但其病理生理过程仍不清楚。本研究测量了38例PD患者及38例正常同龄人的心电图RR、QT及QTc间期,并与PD病情严重程度、直立位血压及病程进行了相关分析,从而讨论了PD患者心电图QTc间期延长与自主神经功能不全的关系。     

心房颤动伴长R-R间期临床观察

Af时 R-R出现长达1.5 s以上长间期,作为 Af合并 Ⅱ°AVB诊断标准已应用临床多年。一般认为此种情况是两种较为严重的心律失常并存的严重病理状态,预后严重。此类患者禁用洋地黄、奎尼丁和电击治疗。近年来不少学者对Af时出现长R-R间期诊断Ⅱ°AVB可靠性进行探讨。我院动态心电图检查82例Af中有50例伴长R-R间期,我们对这一动态心电图现象进行评价,探讨其发生机制及临床意义。     

85例伴长RR间期患者的动态心电图分析

[目的]探讨动态心电图分析长RR间期的临床价值.[方法]对85例动态心电图检查结果出现长RR间期(RR≥2 000 ms)者结合其日常生活日志进行回顾性分析.[结果]85例患者出现长RR的状况如下:①长RR间期可出现在房颤伴长RR 33例,窦性停搏15例,窦房传导阻滞12例,房室传导阻滞(包括Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度及高度房室传导阻滞)26例,早搏后长代偿8例;②最长RR可达8.68 s;③长RR间期多见于夜间睡眠期(0:00~5:00)及白天休息期(12:00~14:00),活动及清醒期比较少见;④长RR＞3 000 ms时患者会出现黑曚、晕厥甚至抽搐.[结论]动态心电图长RR分析对于减少临床上心源性猝死是简单有效的预测方法.     

阶梯实验对冠心病患者QT离散度的影响及临床应用

ＱＴ离散度 (ＱＴｄ)反映心室肌复极的不均一性 ,冠心病患者ＱＴｄ明显增大[1] 。作者通过分析冠心病患者与冠脉正常者阶梯试验前、中、后心电图ＱＴｄ的变化 ,探讨阶梯实验对ＱＴ离散度的影响。1　资料与方法1.1　病例选择　 1997年 9月至 2 0 0 0年 10月在本院临床诊断或疑诊为冠心病先后行阶梯实验及选择性冠状动脉造影 (ＣＡＧ)的患者 ,男 2 3例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 35～ 6 7岁 ,平均 (5 4.5± 7.3)岁。1.2　试验方法及判断标准　ＣＡＧ采用Ｊｕｄｋｉｎ’ｓ法 ,至少一支主要冠状动脉或其主要分支狭窄≥ 5 0 % ,即诊断为冠心病。根据ＣＡＧ…     

急性心肌梗死患者T波峰-末间期检测的临床意义

[目的]探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心电图T波峰-末间期（Tp-Te间期）检测的临床意义.[方法]选取41例AMI患者作为观察组,40例正常健康者为对照组,并将观察组患者在急性期有无发生室性心律失常分为两组.测量正常健康者体检时及AMI患者入院24 h内第1份12导联心电图的Tp-Te间期,计算12导联平均Tp-Te间期,对测量结果分组、分导联进行比较分析.[结果]观察组12导联及12导联平均Tp-Te间期均较对照组显著延长（P 〈0.01）.观察组内发生室性心律失常者较未发生室性心律失常者12导联Tp-Te间期明显延长,两组间比较除Ⅰ、aVL导联外均有显著性差异（ P〈0.05）;12导联平均Tp-Te间期比较有非常显著性差异（ P 〈0.01）.[结论]体表心电图Tp-Te间期能够反映AMI跨壁复极离散度的变化,AMI发生室性心律失常者较未发生室性心律失常者Tp-Te间期明显延长,Tp-Te间期有望成为预测AMI患者发生室性心律失常的临床指标.     

短QT间期与恶性心律失常

有关长QT与恶性心律失常的关系已为大多数的学者所熟知,然而短QT作为一个新近发现的、与恶性心律失常发生密切相关的危险因素是近几年才引起医学界的广泛关注。众所周知,心肌细胞的动作电位时限和不应期无论是过度缩短还是过度延长都极易诱发心律失常,这已经在早年大量的基础和     

肝硬化患者胃电图的临床表现分析

通过观察肝硬化患者进餐前后胃电图的变化，以探讨肝硬化引起胃动力异常的病理生理机制，从而为综合治疗提供依据。     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠脉介入治疗前后校正QT间期、校正Tp-e间期、Tp-e/QT的变化及其预测价值

目的观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者成功行经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术前术后校正QT间期、校正Tp-e间期、Tp-e/QT的变化,分析这些指标与恶性心律失常事件(MAE)的相关性,探讨其预测价值。方法 STEMI患者40例,12 h内成功行PCI术,分别测算术前及术后100 min梗死相关导联QTc、Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT,随访三个月后MAE情况。40例正常心电图做对照。结果 (1)STEMI组QTc、Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT在发病12 h内明显升高(P<0.05),PCI术后降低(P<0.05),但与对照组仍差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)STEMI组以PCI术前QTc440ms为节点分组,随访三个月组间MAE发生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而以Tp-ec 100ms和Tp-e/QT 0.25为节点,组间MAE发生有统计学意义。结论急性STEMI患者Tp-ec,尤其是Tp-e/QT比值增加,与恶性心律失常事件相关,是预测急性STEMI后恶性心律失常事件的指标。     

Tp-e Interval, Tp-e/QT Ratio, and Tp-e/QTc Ratio are Prolonged in Patients with Moderate and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background: Prolongation of the peak and the end of T wave (Tp-e) has been reported to be associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio are used as an index of ventricular arrhythmogenesis. An increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias has been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with OSA by using Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio. Methods: We have studied 72 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) between the years 2010-2011 at our institution. Patients with moderate and severe OSA (23 patients; mean age: 45±10), according to the apnea-hypopnea index, constituted the study group. Patients with normal PSG (23 patients; mean age: 42±11) were used as the control group. In all patients, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, Tp-e/QTc ratio, as well as some other electrocardiogram intervals were measured. Independent samples t-tests were used for comparison of continuous and categorical variables and correlations were calculated by Spearman rank correlation. Results: Although QT and QTc intervals were not different between the groups, mean Tp-e interval (81.6±11.1 msn; 63.9±7.3 msn; respectively; P < 0.001), Tp-e/QT ratio (0.21±0.03; 0.17±0.02; respectively; P < 0.001), and Tp-e/QTc ratio (0.20±0.03; 0.16±0.02; respectively; P < 0.001) were prolonged in the study group compared to the control group. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the presence of moderate and severe OSA and Tp-e interval (r = 0.72; P < 0.001), Tpe/QT ratio (r = 0.70; P < 0.001), and Tp-e/QTc ratio (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio are prolonged in patients with moderate and severe OSA patients. There is a positive correlation between the presence of OSA and Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio. (PACE 2012; 35:966-972).     

Tp—e／QT比值和QTd对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者室性心律失常的预测价值

目的 探讨Tp-e/QT比值和QTd对急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者（STEMI）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的预测价值及对比分析.方法 自2011年1月至2012年3月我院12 h内行PCI者127例作为观察组,其中经急诊PCI实现IRA再通者71例（再通组）;未能实现血管再通治疗者56例（非再通组）.另选取106名健康者作为对照组.测量患者入院时及术后心电图的QT值、Tp-e值,计算QTd.患者室性心律失常采用Lown分级,其中Lown分级=3级者为MVA.分析Tp-e/QT比值和QTd与STEMI患者发生室性心律失常的相关性.结果 观察组患者入院时Tp-e/QT比值、QTd均高于正常组（P〈0.001）;室性心律失常患者的Tp-e/QT比值、QTd均延长,Tp-e/QT比值与室性心律失常的发生显著相关（r=0.3581,P〈0.001）;Tp-e/QT比值降幅与患者性别、年龄、糖尿病、Killip′s分级、LVEF、CK-MB、cTnI均无显著相关性（P〉0.05）,而与急性ST段下降程度呈正相关（r=0.3621,P=0.0001）.52例STEMI患者中MVA组24例,非MVA组28例,与QTd相比,只有Tp-e/QT比值与心率变异性呈负相关（P〈0.05）;再通组中,单支与多支病变患者Tp-e/QT比值、QTd变化均无显著差异（P〉0.05）.结论 STEMI患者与健康者相比,Tp-e/QT比值、QTd均延长,且Tp-e/QT比值更能准确有效地预测冠状动脉介入术后室性心律失常的发生.     

心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后Tp-e间期、Tp-e/QT变化及预测价值

目的：探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后QT间期、Tp-e和Tp-e/QT指标变化及预测恶性心律失常的价值。方法：急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者(观察组)54例,12 h内行经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗,测算梗死相关导联和非相关导联校正的QT间期、校正的Tp-e、Tp-e/QT比值,随访1 a内恶性心律失常发生情况。同期健康体检心电图正常者60例为对照组,并与观察组进行相关指标比较。结果：(1)观察组心肌梗死12 h内校正的QT间期较对照组明显延长(P＜0.05),但经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后恢复正常(P＜0.05);梗死相关导联12 h内校正的Tp-e间期和Tp-e/QT比值较非梗死导联和对照组均明显延长(P＜0.05),经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后逐渐恢复正常(P＜0.05),但与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。(2)观察组以校正的QT间期440 ms为节点,发生恶性心律失常差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组心肌梗死12 h内校正的Tp-e 100ms和Tp-e/QT比值0.25为节点,发生恶性心律失常差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：校正的Tp-e,Tp-e/QT比值可能是预测急性心肌梗死后恶性心律失常的新指标。     

QTc interval length and QT dispersion as predictors of mortality in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) are at independent risk of cardiovascular death. The reason is only partially understood. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the impact of corrected QT interval length (QTc) and QT dispersion (QT-disp) on mortality in a cohort of 324 Caucasian NIDDM patients. A resting 12-lead ECG was recorded at baseline. Maximum (QT-max) and minimum QT (QT-min) intervals were measured, and QT-max was corrected for heart rate (QTc-max). QT-disp was defined as the difference between QT-max and QT-min. QTc-max was 454 (376-671) ms½ (median (range)) and QT-disp 61 (0-240) ms. Prolonged QTc interval (PQTc), defined as QTc-max&gt;440 ms½, was present in 67% of the patients and prolonged QT-disp (PQT-disp), defined as QT-disp&gt;50 ms, was present in 51%. During the 9-year follow-up period, 100 patients died (52 from cardiovascular diseases). Thirty-seven percent of the patients with PQTc died compared with 17% with normal QTc interval (p&lt;0.001). The Cox proportional hazard model, including putative risk factors at baseline, revealed the following independent predictors of all cause mortality; QTc-max (p&lt;0.05), age (p&lt;0.0001), albuminuria (p&lt;0.01), retinopathy (p&gt;&lt;0.01), HbA1c (p&lt;0.05), insulin treatment (p&lt;0.01), total cholesterol (p&lt;0.01), serum creatinine (p&lt;0.05) and presence of cardiac heart disease based on Minnesota coded ECG (p&lt;0.001). Whereas QT-disp was not a predictor. QTc-max interval was an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Our study showed a high prevalence of QTc and QT-disp abnormalities and indicated that QTc-max but not QT-disp is an independent predictor of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in NIDDM patients.     

QTc interval length and QT dispersion as predictors of mortality in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) are at independent risk of cardiovascular death. The reason is only partially understood. The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the impact of corrected QT interval length (QTc) and QT dispersion (QT-disp) on mortality in a cohort of 324 Caucasian NIDDM patients. A resting 12-lead ECG was recorded at baseline. Maximum (QT-max) and minimum QT (QT-min) intervals were measured, and QT-max was corrected for heart rate (QTc-max). QT-disp was defined as the difference between QT-max and QT-min. QTc-max was 454 (376-671) ms(1/2) (median (range)) and QT-disp 61 (0-240) ms. Prolonged QTc interval (PQTc), defined as QTc-max > 440 ms(1/2), was present in 67% of the patients and prolonged QT-disp (PQT-disp), defined as QT-disp > 50 ms, was present in 51%. During the 9-year follow-up period, 100 patients died (52 from cardiovascular diseases). Thirty-seven percent of the patients with PQTc died compared with 17% with normal QTc interval (p<0.001). The Cox proportional hazard model, including putative risk factors at baseline, revealed the following independent predictors of all cause mortality; QTc-max (p<0.05), age (p<0.0001), albuminuria (p<0.01), retinopathy (p<0.01), HbA1c (p<0.05), insulin treatment (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.01), serum creatinine (p<0.05) and presence of cardiac heart disease based on Minnesota coded ECG (p<0.001). Whereas QT-disp was not a predictor, QTc-max interval was an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Our study showed a high prevalence of QTc and QT-disp abnormalities and indicated that QTc-max but not QT-disp is an independent predictor of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in NIDDM patients.     

心电图Tp-e/QT比值在预测心源性猝死及恶性心律失常中的意义

目的:探讨心电图T波峰末间期(Tp-e)比QT间期(Tp-e/QT)预测心源性猝死及恶性心律失常的意义。方法:收集我院2004年3月-2009年3月发生心源性猝死及恶性心律失常28例患者的完整资料,对其发生心源性猝死前同步12导联心电图Tp-e间期、QT间期及Tp-e/QT比值进行测量并统计分析。结果:猝死前60.71%患者心电图Tp-e/QT0.22,21.42%患者比值0.15,分布有一定规律性。结论:心电图Tp-e/QT对预测心源性猝死有一定价值。     

Effects of adrenaline and potassium on QTc interval and QT dispersion in man

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycaemia alters cardiac repolarization acutely, with increases in rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval and QT dispersion (QTd) on the electrocardiogram (ECG); such changes are related to the counterregulatory sympatho-adrenal response. Adrenaline produces both QTc lengthening and a fall in plasma potassium (K+) when infused into healthy volunteers. Hypokalaemia prolongs cardiac repolarization independently however, and therefore our aim was to determine whether adrenaline-induced repolarization changes are mediated directly or through lowered plasma K+. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy males were studied on two occasions. At both visits they received similar l-adrenaline infusions but on one occasion potassium was also administered; infusion rates were adjusted to maintain circulating K+ at baseline. The QTc interval, QTd, peripheral physiological responses and plasma adrenaline and potassium concentrations were measured during both visits. RESULTS: The QTc interval and QTd increased both with and without potassium clamping. Without K+ replacement, mean (SE) QTc lengthened from 378 (5) ms to a final maximum value of 433 (10) ms, and QTd increased from 36 (5) ms to 69 (8) ms (both P < 0.001). During K+ replacement, QTc duration at baseline and study end was 385 (7) ms and 423 (11) ms, respectively (P < 0.001), and QTd 38 was (4) ms and 63 (5) ms (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that disturbed cardiac repolarization as a result of increases in circulating adrenaline occurs independently of extracellular potassium. A direct effect of adrenaline upon the myocardium appears the most likely mechanism.