甲苯达唑、阿苯达唑和吡喹酮对小鼠细粒棘球蚴囊壁丙氨酸转氨酶和天门冬氨酸转氨酶的影响（英）

感染细粒棘球蚴达１０－１２个月的小鼠ｉｇ甲苯达唑（Ｍｅｂ）２５－５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×７－１４ｄ，其体内瘪囊壁与充盈囊壁的丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）抑制率为６７．８％－７８．９％和１１．３％－４５．４％，ｉｇ阿苯达唑３００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×１４ｄ对充盈囊壁ＡＬＴ的抑制率为４０．７％，而ｉｇ吡喹酮５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×１４ｄ的则无明显影响。用上述药物治疗时，仅Ｍｅｂ５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１组对天门冬氨酸转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）有抑制作用，抑制率为２６％－４３．９％。     

已烯雌酚对去卵巢大鼠密度质骨影响诉定量研究

将２７只３月龄ＳＤ雌大白鼠随机分为基础对照（Ａ）、年龄对照组（Ｂ）、去卵巢组（Ｃ）和去卵巢加己烯雌酚（ＤＥＳ）治疗组（Ｄ）。Ｂ组和Ｃ级生理盐水５ｍｌ／ｋｇ＾－１／ｄ．ｉｇ，Ｄ组用浓度为４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的乙烯雌酚近５ｍｌ／ｋｇ＾－１／ｄ，ｉｇ，每周６次，１２周后，对各组大鼠胫骨中段不脱钙骨片进行骨计量学分析。去卵巢大鼠由于骨吸收大于骨形成，密质骨变薄，骨髓腔扩大，出现高转换型骨质疏松，已烯酚能明显抑制     

蒿甲醚对日本血吸虫糖原,蛋白质,硷性磷酸酶和…

感染日本血吸虫尾蚴３２－３５ｄ的小鼠１次ｉｇ蒿甲醚（Ａｒｔ）３００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－＾１后２４ｈ，其体内♀，♂血吸虫的糖原含量较对照组减少约５０％，７２ｈ后则分别减少６４．１％和７７．９％。给药后７２ｈ，♀，♂虫的蛋白质含较对照组分别减少６８．．１％和４９．３％。给药２４ｈ，♀，♂虫的硷性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活力的抑制率约为２５％，７２ｈ后，♀虫的ＡＫＰ进一步被抑制，抑制率达６１．６％。酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ     

抗乙肝iRNA联合Ara-AMP及胸腺肽治疗慢性乙型肝炎远期疗效观察

慢性乙型肝炎（ＨＢｅＡｇ＾＋,ＨＢｅＡｇ＾＋,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ＾＋）１３６例,随机分为３组,第１组４９例采用抗乙肘ｉＲＮＡ２ｍｇ隔日肌注,３个月,联合单磷酸阿糖腺苷（ＡｒＡ－ＡＭＰ）１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ主５天后５ｍｇ／ｋｇ２３天,胸腺肽１０ｍｇ每日肌注３０天。第２组４５例用胸腺肽９０天,剂量和其他联合用药同１组。第３组４２例为对照组。治疗结束（３个月）３个组ＡＬＴ复常率分别为９３．８％,９３．３％,４７。     

阿苯达唑对小鼠肌肉内移行的犬钩虫幼虫的作用

小鼠于接种犬钩虫第３期幼虫１０００条后１ｗｋ，ｉｇ阿苯达唑７５、１５０或３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ，连给３ｄ时，自各组小鼠肌肉检获的幼虫数为２．７±１．７、２．０±１．５和１．０±１．０条，较对照组的２０５±６８为少。小鼠ｉｇ阿苯达唑１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ×３，并于末次给药后不同时间，用高效液相色谱法测定其血浆和肌肉的阿苯达唑及其有效代谢物阿苯达唑亚砜的含量。结果，在血浆和肌肉中仅查见少量阿苯达唑。但是较高浓度的阿苯达唑亚砜（５．４—１０．５μｇ／ｍｌ）除在血浆中查见外，亦在肌肉中测得（２．２—４．６μｇ／ｇ）。肌肉中的阿苯达唑亚砜含量较高，有益于杀死在肌肉中移行的钩虫幼虫。     

兔重复感染血吸虫尾蚴的蒿甲醚和吡喹酮早期治疗

兔感染日本血吸虫尾蚴４８－５２条，每ｗｋ１次，共６次，并于第１次感染后ｄ７ｉｇ１次蒿甲醚（Ａｒｔ）１０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－＾１，然后每１或２ｗｋ重复ｉｇ１次相同剂量的Ａｒｔ，连给８或４次时，减♀虫率各为９７．８％和８８．９％，上述兔于第１次感染后ｄ２１ｉｇ１次吡喹酮（Ｐｒａ）４０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－＾１，然后每１或２ｗｋ重复ｉｇ１次相同剂量的Ｐｒａ，连给７或４次的♀虫率减少率为１００％。兔每隔１ｄ感染１次血吸     

拉西地平对高血压大鼠的降压作用

目的：观察新的钙拮抗剂拉西地平的降压作用。方法：急性降压实验：将５个月龄雄性卒中型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ（分别经管饲给药１次，拉西地平剂量１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，０．２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、Ｄ（尼群地平１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、Ｅ（溶媒对照）组，每组１１只，于用药后１、３、５、９、１２、２４小时各测１次收缩压及心率（尾套法）。慢性降压实验：将３个月龄ＳＨＲｓｐ分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ组（剂量同急性降压实验），每组１０只，治疗１４天，于治疗后第２、４、６、８、１０、１２、１４天各测１次收缩压及心率。结果：拉西地平１ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ均可显著降低ＳＨＲｓｐ血压，降压作用分别持续１２～２４小时和９～１２小时，降压作用均强于尼群地平１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，仅轻度增加了心率。结论：拉西地平对ＳＨＲｓｐ降压作用明确，持续时间长。     

G—CSF配合大剂量CTX和VCR动员自体外周血干细胞的研究

本研究对１２例拟行ＡＰＢＳＣＴ的患者予ＶＣＲ１－２ｍｇ／ｍ２，体表面静注及ＣＴＸ７ｇ／＾２体表面积静滴，５－７天后予Ｇ－ＣＳＦ１００μｇ／ｍ＾２体表面积静注５－７天，白细胞升至３．０×１０＾９／Ｌ以上时，用ＣＳ３０００血细胞分离机单次收集单个核细胞ＭＮＣ〉２．８×１０＾８／ｋｇ，ＣＤ＾＋３４〉．６×１０＾６／ｋｇ，ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ〉３．９×１－０＾４／ｋｇ，ＡＰＢＳＣＴ后，全部患者于＋５天－＋１０天白     

D—半乳糖诱导拟衰老动物模型的记忆行为改变

用操作性条件反射的方法观察Ｄ－半乳糖亚急性中毒大鼠学习记忆行为的影响。将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠进行１ｗ的操作性条件反射训练，达到稳定操作状态后，将其分为对照组和实验组，实验组再分为３个半乳糖剂量组，分别用Ｄ－半乳糖１２ｍｇ，２４ｍｇ，和４８ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１；ｄ＾－１，ｓｃ共６ｗ。     

己烯雌酚对去卵巢大鼠密质骨影响的定量研究

将２７只３月龄ＳＤ雌大白鼠随机分为基础对照组（Ａ）、年龄对照组（Ｂ）、去卵巢组（Ｃ）和去卵巢加己烯雌酚（ＤＥＳ）治疗组（Ｄ）。Ｂ组和Ｃ组用生理盐水５ｍｌ·ｋｇ－１／ｄ．ｉｇ，Ｄ组用浓度为４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的己烯雌酚按５ｍｌ·ｋｇ－１／ｄ．ｉｇ，每周６次。１２周后，对各组大鼠胫骨中段不脱钙骨片进行骨计量学分析。去卵巢大鼠由于骨吸收大于骨形成，密质骨变薄，骨髓腔扩大，出现高转换型骨质疏松，己烯雌酚能明显抑制去卵巢后的骨高转换，保持密质骨厚度，维持骨量的正常。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.