头颈部肿瘤18F-FDG PET/CT诊断价值的探讨

目的:探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT诊断头颈部肿瘤的价值.方法:21例头颈部肿瘤患者行PET/CT显像,原发灶或转移灶经病理组织学确诊.行PET/CT融合图像、PET图像和CT图像帧对帧对比分析.基于PET/CT和CT结果对21例患者进行TNM分期,比较其结果.比较PET/CT和PET的定位准确性.结果:21例患者经PET/CT共检出恶性病灶65个.其中PET与CT皆显示清楚病灶者35个,占53.9%.PET阅片有肯定诊断结论而CT难以有肯定诊断结论者24个,占36.9%.CT显示有清楚病灶而PET显示为阴性或难以确定者共6个病灶,占9.2%.PET/CT的总检出率高于PET和CT.PET/CT使8例患者TNM分期发生改变(38.1%). PET/CT对病变定位的准确性为90.8%,总的不影响诊断的定位准确性为95.4%;PET分别为49.2%和66.2%(P＜0.05).结论:PET/CT显像能提高头颈部肿瘤的诊断、分期和定位的准确性.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值

[目的]评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(148F-FDG)PET/CT显像在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值.[方法]回顾性分析46例疑似胰腺癌患者的全身18F-FDG PET/CT及CT平扫加增强的影像学资料,比较两者对胰腺癌的诊断价值.[结果] 46例疑似胰腺癌患者中,44例经手术、腹腔镜取病理确诊,其中胰腺癌38例,慢性胰腺炎6例,另2例PET/CT发现多处肝转移或肺转移,因而放弃手术,经临床随访1年后确诊为胰腺癌.18F-FDG PET/CT检查阳性37例,灵敏度92.5％,特异性83.3％,准确率为91.3％;CT平扫加增强检查,灵敏度75.0％,特异性66.7％,准确率为73.9％.PET/CT对胰腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确率均明显高于CT,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论] 18F-FDG PET/CT对胰腺癌的诊断与分期有较高的临床应用价值.     

18F-FDG PET显像在食管癌诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨正电子发射型电子计算机断层(positron emission computed tomography,PET)显像在食管癌早期诊断以及临床分期中的临床应用价值.方法23例食管癌患者,进行全身18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose,18F-FDG ) PET显像,并与外科手术或内镜活检病理结果和CT检查结果对照.结果46例患者中PET显像食管部位均有异常放射性浓聚灶,经病理确诊,46处食管浓聚灶均为食管癌原发病灶.其中28例为单发病灶,2例为食管多发灶,其余16例除食管原发病灶外,还有其他部位32个病灶,经临床和病理证实为远处转移病灶.与46例PET显像前CT结果相比较,PET共检出食管部位恶性病灶46例,检出率为100.0%,而CT仅检出34例,检出率为73.9%.46例中确诊有其他部位转移者18例,PET检出18例,检出率为100.0%,而PET显像前CT仅检出6例,检出率为33.3%.27例手术治疗者PET分期与临床病理分期一致,而常规检查对食管癌临床分期高估5例,低估12例,PET显像改变了这17例患者的临床治疗方案.结论18F-FDG PET显像对食管癌的诊断、淋巴结和远处转移的分期、治疗方案的制定有重要的临床应用价值.     

18FDG PET-CT双时相显像在非小细胞肺癌肺门纵隔淋巴结累及野放疗靶区勾画中的价值

目的 探讨18FDG PET-CT双时相显像在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)肺门纵隔淋巴结累及野放疗靶区勾画中的价值.方法 选取行手术治疗的NSCLC患者54例,术前3～5 d内行18FDG PET.CT常规全身显像和胸部延迟显像,以术后病理诊断结果为标准,比较根据常规显像和双时相显像结果勾画的淋巴结累及野放疗靶区的不同.结果 肺门淋巴结靶区39%患者GTV常规与GTV病理一致,57%患者GTV双时相与GTV病理一致;AGTV1(GTV常规-GTV病理)=32.64 cm3,AGTV2(GTV双时相-GTV病理)=22.57 cm3,后者比前者变化少(u=519.00,P=0.023).纵隔淋巴结靶区56%患者GTV常规与GTV病理一致,67%患者GTV双时相与GTV病理一致;ΔGTV1=22.85 cm3,ΔGTV2=20.95 cm3,后者与前者变化相似(u=397.50,P=0.616).结论 根据18FDG PET-CT双时相显像结果勾画的NSCLC肺门纵隔转移性淋巴结靶区更接近于根据病理结果勾画的靶区,双时相显像较常规显像能更好地指导淋巴结累及野靶区的勾画.     

FDG-PET及PET-CT在肺癌中的应用价值

综述了 18F -脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层扫描 (FDG PET)及多功能分子成像系统 (PET CT)显像在肺癌的诊断、临床分期、疗效评估方面的应用 ,与电子计算机断层显像 (CT)等相比有明显的优势。     

18F-FDG PET-CT在非小细胞肺癌术前区域淋巴结分期中的价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET-CT在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者术前区域淋巴结(N)分期方面的价值,以及CT密度和双时相扫描在淋巴结性质判定方面的作用.方法 43例手术病理证实的NSCLC患者均于术前行18F-FDG PET-CT扫描,对常规扫描图像采用PET法(单纯根据18F-FDG摄取水平判断淋巴结性质)和PET+CT密度法(结合CT密度和摄取水平判断淋巴结性质)分析.摄取水平通过目测法和半定量分析法结合判定.双时相扫描的储留指数(RI)>10%为摄取升高.以病理检查作为金标准对所得结果进行分析.结果 以区域淋巴结组为单位,PET法的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为88.0%、88.4%、88.3%、59.5%和97.4%,PET+CT密度法的相应值分别为84.0%、94.6%、92.9%、75.0%和96.8%,其中2种方法的特异度和准确度之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).28组淋巴结行双时相扫描,良恶性组摄取变化值(△SUVmax)之间和砒之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在23组延迟相摄取升高的淋巴结中,11组为转移;在5组无摄取升高的淋巴结中,1组为转移.结论 18F-FDG PET-CT在肺癌患者术前N分期方面有较高的诊断价值,结合淋巴结CT密度和18F-FDG摄取水平可进一步提高诊断的特异度和准确度.对于常规相摄取增高的淋巴结,延迟相摄取升高对判断淋巴结性质的价值有限,但无摄取升高则更支持良性诊断.     

子宫颈癌治疗后18F-FDG PET/CT显像的临床价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT显像在子宫颈癌治疗后监测有无肿瘤复发及转移灶中的临床应用价值.方法 子宫颈癌治疗后患者48例,行全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查,肿瘤复发和(或)转移病灶根据病理结果、多种影像学诊断及临床随访而确诊.随访时间＞1年.采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学处理.结果 48例患者共行54次PET/CT显像,真阳性26例次,真阴性24例次,假阴性1例次,假阳性3例次.18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断子宫颈癌治疗后肿瘤复发和(或)转移病灶的敏感度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为96.3％ (26/27)、88.9％(24/27)、92.6％ (50/54)、89.7％(26/29)、96.0％(24/25).检查后部分患者的诊断和治疗方案发生了改变,有24例(50.0％)患者改变了诊断,其中21例(43.8％)改变了治疗方案.结论 PET/CT显像可以较准确地早期探查子宫颈癌治疗后的复发病灶和转移灶,包括盆腔外的远处转移,明确再分期,有助于临床医生确定正确的治疗方案.尽管有其一定的局限性,PET/CT显像仍可作为子宫颈癌治疗后监测的常规检查手段.     

18F-FDG符合线路显像在肺癌诊断以及疗效判断中的作用

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)符合线路显像在肺癌诊断及疗效判断中的应用。方法对病理检查证实的66例肺癌患者行18F-FDG符合线路显像,并与同期CT、MRI等影像检查结果进行对比分析。结果与其他常规显像方法相比,18F-FDG显像对肺癌诊断、分期及放疗、化疗疗效判断、手术后肿瘤残余、复发以及肺癌骨转移有一定的辅助诊断作用。结论18F-FDG显像是肺癌诊断、分期及疗效观察的重要手段之一,可及时发现手术后肿瘤残余和复发病灶。F-FDG显像与骨显像的联合应用将可提高肺癌骨转移的诊断灵敏度。     

肺癌骨转移FDG PET-CT显像特点

目的 探讨氟代脱氧葡萄糖标记的正电子发射计算机断层扫描(FDG PET-CT)对肺癌骨转移的诊断价值以及其显像特点.方法 回顾性分析32例经病理证实的肺癌骨转移FDG PET-CT显像资料,并与CT诊断进行比较.结果 32例115处骨转移病灶FDGPET-CT显像均见明显放射性摄取增高,标准摄取值(SUV)为7.47±3.48;共累及骨骼42块,并发现12例16处隐匿性骨转移.肺癌骨转移易侵及的骨骼依次为肋骨(26处,22.61%)、胸椎(21处,18.26%)、髂骨(18处,15.65%)、腰椎(16处,13.91%)等.CT发现99处病灶,阳性率为86.08%,与FDG PET-CT比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),FDG PET-CT探测骨转移灶明显优于CT.结论 FDG PET-CT可显示转移灶侵犯部位及范围,并能早期发现肺癌骨转移病灶,在肺癌全身转移的监测方面具有独特的优势.     

非小细胞肺癌纵膈淋巴结影像学分期的研究

目的：评估常见影像学检查对NSCLC纵膈淋巴结分期的准确性及价值。方法：56例经手术和病理检查确诊的NSCLC,术前患经胸部CT扫描、全身^18F—FDG PET显像和经食管超声检查,并对手术病理结果进行回颐性的分析：结果：所有56例NSCLC患肺部及相应转移部位^18F-FDG摄取增高,PET检查对预测NSCLC纵膈淋巴结转移的灵敏度为84％,特异性为90％,CT扫描纵膈淋巴结转移的灵敏度为57％,特异性为82％,其中38例行经食管超声解剖显像纵膈淋巴结转移的灵敏度为76％,特异性为70％.PET对NSCLC纵膈淋巴结转移的预测优于胸部CT解剖显像和经食管超声解剖显像。结论：应用^18F—FDG PET在对NSCLC的术前分期明显优于CT和经食管超声等常规检查,但PET在精确定位方面仍然需要结合解剖显像检查,PET—CT等图像融合技术等是今后发展的方向。     

18FDG PET/CT标准摄取值与非小细胞肺癌临床分期关系的研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者治疗前的18氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-deoxyglucose,18 FDG) PET／CT标准摄取值(standard uptake value, SUV)与临床分期、原发肿瘤大小及病理学类型的关系。方法:对75例治疗前的NSCLC患者接受18FDG PET／CT检查获得最高SUV (SUVmax)。分析SUVmax与临床分期、原发肿瘤分期、肿瘤大小和病理学类型的关系,并研究SUV在四者组内差异是否有统计学意义。结果:SUVmax与临床分期和原发肿瘤大小均呈正相关(r=0．279,P=0．014;r= 0．645,P=0．001),与肿瘤病理学类型无关(r=-0．077,P=0．507);SUV在两组不同大小肿瘤组(≤3．0 cm和>3．0 cm)间差异有统计学意义,t=-0．647,P=0．015,在各个临床分期组(ⅠA～ⅡB、ⅢA和m B～Ⅳ)间差异有统计学意义,F=3．807,P=0．027,在4个原发肿瘤分期组(T1、T2、T3和T4)间差异有统计学意义,F=8．025,P=0．022,而在不同病理学类型组(鳞癌、腺癌和腺鳞癌)间差异无统计学意义,F=1．911,P=0．155。结论:18FDG PET／CT SUV随肿瘤大小和病期的增加呈升高趋势,可以作为评价NSCLC临床分期的辅助手段,但不能为无法取得病理学诊断的患者提供帮助。     

Noninvasive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary lesions in cancer patients based on 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose avidity on positron emission tomography/computed tomography

BACKGROUND: 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) imaging is highly accurate for assessing solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in patients without known malignancy. In the current study, the authors evaluated FDG-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the characterization of SPN in cancer patients. METHODS: FDG-PET/CT was performed in 56 cancer patients to evaluate SPNs that measured 15 +/- 8 mm in greatest dimension. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology (n = 34 patients), or by CT or clinical follow-up (n = 22 patients). The performance of PET/CT was calculated for visual and semiquantitative assessment and was related to SPN size, location, histology, and time after initial cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: Malignancy was diagnosed in 27 of 56 SPNs (48%; 18 second primary tumors and 9 metastases). There were 26 true-positive PET/CT studies (17 second primaries and 9 metastases), 5 false-positive studies, 24 true-negative studies, and 1 false-negative study. The sensitivity of PET/CT for diagnosing malignant SPN in patients with cancer was significantly greater for visual analysis than for semiquantitative analysis (96% vs 89%, respectively; P < .05). Specificity and accuracy were similar for both methods (83% and 89% vs 93% and 91%, respectively). The presence of low-intensity FDG uptake increased the detection rate of malignancy from 4% in non-FDG-avid SPNs to 40%, mainly in second primary tumors. False-positive results were more frequent with lower than mediastinal uptake versus higher than mediastinal uptake (3 of 5 SPNs vs 2 of 26 SPNs, respectively; P < .01) and in SPNs >10 mm. CONCLUSIONS: FDG imaging was highly accurate for the diagnosis of malignant SPNs in patients with cancer, similar to the general population. The presence of any FDG avidity had significantly greater sensitivity than semiquantitative analysis. The current results indicated that lower than mediastinal uptake should be explored cautiously, particularly for second primary tumors, whereas no FDG avidity was a better predictor of SPN benignity than very low uptake.     

PET/CT对肺内结节诊断及治疗的临床价值

目的 探讨PET／CF显像对肺内结节诊断和治疗的临床应用价值。方法 因肺内结节行^18F-FDG PET／CT检查且得到临床或病理证实的患者20例,其中结节性质不明者15例,临床或病理确诊为肺癌者5例。结合其PET／CT检查结果和临床诊断、治疗资料进行分析。结果 (1)213例PET／CT诊断结果与临床随访或病理诊断结果符合,总诊断符合率100％。15例结节性质不明者经PET／CT检查诊断为良性病变7例,恶性8例．11例CT显示单结节病灶,PET／CT单病灶显影3例,8例除肺内病灶显影外,还可见肺外其他组织显影,6例确诊为有肺外转移,2例肺内单结节病灶系转移灶。(2)PET／CT检查后,20例患者中,16例改变了原治疗方案,继续观察2例,抗炎3例,手术2例,局部放疗4例,单纯化疗3例,综合治疗4例。(3)对8例放射治疗的患者应用PET／CT融合图像指导放疗定位,其中1例MM50适型调强放射治疗1个疗程后1．5个门复查PET／CT,原左侧肺门块状软组织影消失,葡萄糖代谢恢复正常。根据2例手术治疗患者的PET／CT融合图像确定手术路径及切除范围,术后病理结果显示,手术切口边缘及切除淋巴结均未见癌细胞累及和浸润。结论 对于肺内结节性质,PET／CT较单纯CT更容易做出鉴别诊断。PET／CT检查能够更加准确地反映肺癌的临床分期,并辅助临床确定正确的治疗方案。PEW／CT融合图像能够指导放疗生物靶区的精确定位和确定外科手术方案及切除范围。     

Characteristics of advantages of positron emission tomography over computed tomography for N-staging in lung cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the characteristics of advantages of positron emission tomography (PET) over computed tomography (CT) for N-staging in lung cancer patients. METHODS: Preoperative PET and CT scans were performed for 2057 lymph node stations in 205 patients with peripheral-type lung cancer. The advantages of PET over CT for N-staging were analyzed among lymph node locations and histological subtypes. RESULTS: The pathological N-stages were N0 in 143 patients, N1 in 31, N2 in 24 and N3 in 7. PET was able to diagnose N0, N2 and N3 diseases more accurately than CT (P=0.03, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two modalities for N1 disease. In the upper mediastinal lymph node stations, both false-negative and false-positive were significantly less frequent with PET than with CT (P=0.001). In the lower mediastinal and supra clavicle lymph nodes, PET showed a lower frequency of false-negative than CT (P=0.04 and 0.003, respectively), but there was no significant difference in the frequency of false-positive between the two modalities. Among histological types, PET could stage adenocarcinoma with less frequent false-negative and squamous cell carcinoma with less frequent false-positive than CT (P=0.02 and 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: For N-staging, PET was superior to CT for the following: (1) more accurate for N0, N2 and N3 diseases but not for N1; (2) lower frequency of false-positive in the upper mediastinal nodes; and (3) lower frequencies of false-negative in adenocarcinoma and false-positive in squamous cell carcinoma. Recognizing these advantages of PET could make the N-staging of lung cancer more accurate.     

FDG-PET/CT and parathyroid carcinoma: Review of literature and illustrative case series

Parathyroid cancer is an uncommon malignant cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. The staging of parathyroid cancer represents an important issue both at initial diagnosis and after surgery and medical treatment. The role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) as an imaging tool in parathyroid cancer is not clearly reported in the literature, although its impact in other cancers is well-defined. The aim of the following illustrative clinical cases is to highlight the impact of PET/CT in the management of different phases of parathyroid cancer. We describe five patients with parathyroid malignant lesions, who underwent FDG PET/CT at initial staging, restaging and post-surgery evaluation. In each patient we report the value of PET/CT comparing its findings with other common imaging modalities (e.g., CT, planar scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi, magnetic resonance imaging) thus determining the complementary benefit of FDG PET/CT in parathyroid carcinoma. We hope to provide an insight into the potential role of PET/CT in assessing the extent of disease and response to treatment which are the general principles used to correctly evaluate disease status.     

Incidental Abnormal FDG Uptake in the Prostate on 18-fluoro-2-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Scans

18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scans arecommonly used for the staging and restaging of various malignancies, such as head and neck, breast, colorectaland gynecological cancers. However, the value of FDG PET/CT for detecting prostate cancer is unknown. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of incidental prostate 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT scans.We reviewed 18F-FDG PET/CT scan reports from September 2009 to September 2013, and selected cases thatreported focal/diffuse FDG uptake in the prostate. We analyzed the correlation between 18F-FDG PET/CT scanfindings and data collected during evaluations such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, digital rectalexamination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and/or biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Of a total of 18,393cases, 106 (0.6%) exhibited abnormal hypermetabolism in the prostate. Additional evaluations were performedin 66 patients. Serum PSA levels were not significantly correlated with maximum standardized uptake values(SUVmax) in all patients (rho 0.483, p=0.132). Prostate biopsies were performed in 15 patients, and prostatecancer was confirmed in 11. The median serum PSA level was 4.8 (0.55-7.06) ng/mL and 127.4 (1.06-495) ng/mLin the benign and prostate cancer groups, respectively. The median SUVmax was higher in the prostate cancergroup (mean 10.1, range 3.8-24.5) than in the benign group (mean 4.3, range 3.1-8.8), but the difference wasnot statistically significant (p=0.078). There was no significant correlation between SUVmax and serum PSA,prostatic volume, or Gleason score. 18F-FDG PET/CT scans did not reliably differentiate malignant or benignfrom abnormal uptake lesions in the prostate, and routine prostate biopsy was not usually recommended inpatients with abnormal FDG uptake. Nevertheless, patients with incidental prostate uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans should not be ignored and should be undergo further clinical evaluations, such as PSA and DRE.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对原发性乳腺癌诊断和淋巴结分期的临床价值

目的评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT对原发性乳腺癌诊断和淋巴结分期的临床价值。方法临床拟诊为乳腺癌的27例女性患者,手术前分别行乳腺钼靶X线和18F-FDG PET/CT检查。全部患者均行手术治疗,共切除32个病灶。23例患者接受了腋淋巴结廓清术,并行病理学诊断。结果32个病灶中,25个为乳腺癌病灶,7个为良性病变。18F-FDG PET/CT诊断的敏感度为80.0%,特异度为71.4%。T1期病灶8个,PET/CT诊断阳性6个;T2期病灶14个,PET/CT诊断阳性12个;T3期病灶2个,PET/CT均诊断阳性。对区域淋巴结转移,PET/CT诊断的敏感度为60.0%,特异度为84.6%,诊断准确度为73.9%。结论对于怀疑多中心乳癌、病期较晚、需要全面评价区域淋巴结状态或疑有远处转移的患者,PET/CT具有优势,对乳腺癌的分期有重要帮助,但尚不适宜于作为乳腺癌的常规检查。     

~（18）F-FDG PET/CT显像在肾上腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的：评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖（18F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18F-FDG）PET/CT显像在肾上腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析42例肾上腺肿瘤患者的全身18F-FDG PET/CT及CT平扫加增强的影像学资料,比较两者对肾上腺肿瘤的诊断价值。结果：42例中,原发性肾上腺肿瘤30例,均经手术病理证实。其余12例为转移性肾上腺肿瘤,肾癌转移4例,肺癌转移7例,肝癌转移1例。18F-FDG PET/CT检查阳性42例,敏感度100%,良性病变的SUV值为1.1-2.6,平均1.8,恶性病变的SUV值为2.5-12.3,平均6.0。良恶性病变的SUV值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。CT平扫加增强检查阳性38例,敏感度90.5%。PET/CT对肾上腺肿瘤的敏感度明显高于CT,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT在肾上腺肿瘤诊断中具有重要价值,敏感度高于CT。