aVR导联临床应用的新视点

aVR导联是一个经常被忽略的导联,但是,近几年的研究显示aVR导联在诸多方面都发挥着重要的作用。aVR导联经典的临床应用包括窦性心律的确认、电轴的确定、右位心和左右手反联及心室肥厚的诊断。其临床应用的新发现包括:急性冠脉综合征时,aVR导联ST段抬高提示左主干、左前降支近端或三支病变;在ST段抬高型心肌梗死中aVR导联ST段抬高或下移是住院患者死亡率的独立预测因子,可用于危险分层;分析心律失常时,aVR导联可用于鉴别宽QRS型、窄QRS型心动过速;体表心电图的aVR导联结合V1、V2导联可以估算右房房颤周长,并且aVR导联P波振幅是心脏手术术后房颤发生的强有力的预测因子;Brugada综合征时出现"aVR征"有助于危险分层;右室负荷过重时,aVR导联ST段抬高是急性肺栓塞的死亡预测因子(单变量回归分析)和并发症的预测因子;aVR导联R波延迟是慢性右室压力负荷过重的独立预测因子且多见于肺动脉狭窄患者;特发性肺动脉高压的患者中,aVR导联R波>4mm,结合V1导联R波>6mm、R/SV1>1,R/SV5与R/SV1比值<0.04,Ⅱ导联P波>2.5mm可以诊断右室肥厚;当疑似预激综合征时,利用体表心电图同时出现PR间期≤120ms和PR离散度≥20ms、aVR导联缺少初始正向波(间隔R波)和V1导联水平面QRS移行提前这3步可识别心室预激,且具有较高的特异性和敏感性;连续监测aVR导联R波和R/S比例有助于预测三环类抗抑郁药物中毒时意识的恢复;急性心包炎时,aVR导联ST段压低、PR段抬高形成了急性心包炎的特征性表现,即"关节征",并且可能是急性心包炎最早甚至是唯一的心电图改变,具有早期诊断价值。     

aVR导联四步流程在宽QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 验证分析aVR导联四步流程对宽QRS波心动过速(WCT)进行鉴别诊断的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析113例患者发生WCT时12导联体表心电图的形态学特征.按aVR导联四步流程分步骤地对113例WCT患者的心电图进行室性心动过速(室速)和室上性心动过速(室上速)的鉴别,将分析的结果与电生理检查结果进行比较,计算每一步...     

Predictors of left main or three-vessel disease in patients who have acute coronary syndromes with non-ST-segment elevation

To identify an early, simple, noninvasive predictor of left main (LM) or 3-vessel disease (3-VD), we retrospectively studied clinical variables on admission in 310 patients with acute coronary syndromes with non-ST-segment elevation. Univariate analysis indicated that many factors were related to LM/3-VD. Multivariate analysis showed that ST-segment elevation in lead aVR of >/=0.5 mm was the strongest predictor of LM/3-VD, followed by positive troponin T (odds ratio 19.7, p <0.001, and odds ratio 3.08, p = 0.048, respectively). ST-segment elevation in lead aVR of >/=0.5 mm and positive troponin T identified LM/3-VD with sensitivities of 78% and 62%, specificities of 86% and 59%, positive predictive values of 57% and 26%, and negative predictive values of 95% and 87%, respectively (p <0.05). Our findings suggest that in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, ST-segment elevation in lead aVR of >/=0.5 mm and positive troponin T on admission (especially the former) are useful predictors of LM/3-VD.     

Significance of a prominent Q wave in lead negative aVR (−aVR) in acute anterior myocardial infarction

Purpose

The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of a Q wave in lead negative aVR (−aVR) in anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

Eighty-seven patients with a first anterior wall AMI were classified into 2 groups according to the presence (n = 17, group A) or absence (n = 70, group B) of a prominent Q wave (duration ≥20 milliseconds) in lead −aVR at predischarge. Group A had a higher prevalence of a long left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), a lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and more reduced regional wall motion in the apical and inferior regions than group B. None of group A patients had an LAD that did not reach the apex.

Conclusion

A prominent Q wave in lead −aVR in anterior wall AMI is related to severe regional wall motion abnormality in the apical and inferior regions, with an LAD wrapping around the apex.     

急性下壁心肌梗死aVR导联QRS波的形态分析

目的探讨下壁心肌梗死时心电图aVR导联QRS波群形态的改变。方法分析89例急性下壁心肌梗死患者心梗前、后以及1年后的心电图和100例经冠状动脉造影证实的无冠心病患者的心电图,分析aVR导联QRS波群形态的变化。结果急性下壁心肌梗死前和无冠心病患者的心电图aVR导联QRS波群多呈q(Q)r型(89.2%),少数呈QS型(10.8%);下壁心肌梗死后及1年后心电图aVR导联QRS波群多呈rs(S)型(86.21%),少数呈QS型(12.77%),极少数呈Qr型(1.02%)。结论下壁心肌梗死后心电图aVR导联QRS波群多呈r(sS)型。     

Prognostic value of positive T wave in lead aVR in patients with non‐ST segment myocardial infarction

Background

Lead aVR provides prognostic information in various settings in patients with ischemia. We aim to investigate the role of a positive T wave in lead aVR in non‐ST segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, we included 400 patients with NSTEMI. Presentation electrocardiogram (ECG) was investigated for presence of a positive T wave as well as ST segment elevation (STE) in aVR and study variables were compared. Predictors of primary outcome defined as hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and secondary outcome, defined as three‐vessel coronary disease and/or left main coronary artery stenosis (3VD/LMCA) stenosis in angiography, were determined in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Patients with a positive T wave in aVR were significantly older and were more likely to be female. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients of positive T group. Positive T group was more likely to have 3VD/LMCA stenosis (58.3% vs. 19.8%, p < .001). The prevalence of a positive T wave in aVR was significantly higher in MACE group (54.9 % vs. 24.8%, p < .001). However, in multivariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor of MACE (OR: 1.083 95% CI: [0.496–2.365], p: .841). Though, it was independently associated with presence of 3VD/LMCA stenosis (OR: 3.747 95% CI: [2.058–6.822], p < .001).

Conclusion

Though positive T wave in lead aVR was more common in patients with MACE; it was not an independent predictor. Additionally, a positive T wave in aVR was an independent predictor of 3VD/LMCA stenosis in NSTEMI.

     

Combined prognostic utility of ST segment in lead aVR and troponin T on admission in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes

Many studies have shown that ST-segment depression is a strong predictor of poor outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACSs); however, lead aVR was not considered in these studies. The present study examined the prognostic usefulness of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in combination with biochemical markers in 333 patients with NSTE-ACS. ST-segment deviation of > or =0.5 mm was considered clinically significant. Coronary angiography was performed a median of 3 days after admission in all patients. The primary end point was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization at 90 days. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (odds ratio 13.8, 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 100.9, p = 0.03) and increased troponin T (odds ratio 7.9, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 123.8, p = 0.04) were the only independent predictors of restricted events (death or myocardial infarction) at 90 days. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (odds ratio 12.8, 95% confidence interval 4.80 to 33.9, p < 0.0001) and increased troponin T (odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.20 to 4.29, p = 0.04) were also the only independent predictors of adverse events (death, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization) at 90 days. When ST-segment status in lead aVR was combined with troponin T, patients with ST-segment elevation in lead aVR and increased troponin T had the highest rates of left main or 3-vessel coronary disease (62%) and 90-day adverse outcomes (47%). In conclusion, our findings suggest that ST-segment status in lead aVR combined with troponin T on admission is a simple and useful clinical tool for early risk stratification in patients with NSTE-ACS.     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者的心电图aVR导联特征

目的探讨致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)患者的心电图aVR导联特征。方法分析60例ARVC患者的体表心电图aVR导联的波形特征,并与71例正常人心电图作对照。结果 ARVC患者aVR导联呈QR型、rSr型及rSR型的比例明显高于对照组(分别为23.3%vs 5.6%,26.7%vs 8.5%,6.7%vs 0,P<0.01);而呈Qr型者所占的比例明显低于对照组(13.3%vs 46.5%,P<0.01),与对照组相比ARVC患者aVR导联呈碎裂QRS波明显增多(33.3%vs 8.5%,P<0.01);ARVC患者aVR导联Q波或S波振幅减小(0.42±0.26 mV vs 0.62±0.25 mV,P<0.01);且R/S比值明显增大(0.52±0.67 vs 0.21±0.23,P<0.01)。结论 ARVC患者的体表心电图aVR导联特征性改变可作为ARVC的诊断线索。     

Prognostic Significance of T‐Wave Amplitude in Lead aVR in Heart Failure Patients with Narrow QRS Complexes

Background: Prolonged duration of the QRS complex is a prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF), whereas electrocadiographic markers in HF with narrow QRS complex remain unclear. We evaluated the prognostic value of the T‐wave amplitude in lead aVR in HF patients with narrow QRS complexes. Methods: We examined 331 patients who were admitted to our hospital for worsening HF (68 ± 15 years, mean ± standard deviation) from January 2000 to October 2004 who had sinus rhythm and QRS complex <120 ms. The patients were categorized into three groups according to the peak T‐wave amplitude from baseline in lead aVR: negative (<–0.1 mV; n = 209, 63%), flat (–0.1–0.1 mV; n = 64, 19%), and positive (>0.1 mV; n = 58, 18%). Results: During a mean follow‐up of 33 months, 113 (34%) patients had all‐cause death, the primary end point. After adjusting for clinical covariates, flat T wave (hazard ratio [HR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–2.46), and positive T wave (HR 6.76, 95% CI 3.92–11.8) were independent predictors of mortality, when negative T wave was considered a reference. Conclusions: As the peak T‐wave amplitude in lead aVR becomes less negative, there was a progressive increase in mortality. The T wave in lead aVR provides prognostic information for risk stratification in HF patients with narrow QRS complexes. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011;16(3):250–257     

Value of the surface electrocardiogram in detecting right ventricular dilatation in the presence of left bundle branch block

Approximately 20% of patients with heart failure have left bundle branch block (LBBB) on surface electrocardiogram (ECG). In this group of patients, detection of right ventricular (RV) dilatation on standard ECG can be of clinical relevance because RV enlargement is an important prognostic marker. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy for several electrocardiographic criteria in determining significant RV dilatation in these patients. Standard 12-lead ECGs were obtained in 173 patients with heart failure and known LBBB. From the ECG, 3 criteria for RV dilatation were defined: presence of terminal positivity in lead aVR (late R wave in lead aVR), low voltage (<0.6 mV) in all extremity leads, and an R/S ratio <1 in lead V(5). In addition, all patients underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation including assessment of RV dimensions. Measurements were performed blinded to electrocardiographic results. Significant RV dilatation was defined as an RV base-to-apex length ≥ 86 mm or an RV diastolic area ≥ 33 cm(2). Eighty-six patients (50%) had a late R wave in lead aVR, 36 patients (21%) had low voltage in extremity leads, and 67 patients (39%) had an R/S ratio <1 in lead V(5). An RV base-to-apex length ≥ 86 mm was present in 67 patients (39%), and 62 patients (36%) had an RV diastolic area ≥ 33 cm(2). Any combination of 2 to 3 positive criteria could predict an RV base-to-apex length ≥ 86 mm with a positive predictive value of 89% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Similarly, an RV diastolic area ≥ 33 cm(2) was predicted with a positive predictive value of 80% and a negative predictive value of 88%. In conclusion, combining 2 to 3 distinct electrocardiographic criteria allows for accurate detection of RV dilatation in patients with heart failure and LBBB.     

ECG discrimination between right and left circumflex coronary arterial occlusion in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction: value of old criteria and use of lead aVR

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Prior studies have proposed several ECG criteria for identifying the culprit artery in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). We applied each criterion to our patients to assess its utility. In doing so, we discovered a previously unreported, but highly useful, criterion utilizing lead aVR. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. PATIENTS: Thirty consecutive patients with symptoms of acute MI, ST-segment elevation in the inferior ECG leads, an appropriate rise and fall of creatine kinase and troponin I levels, and coronary arteriography within 7 days of the onset of symptoms. MEASUREMENTS: The ECG recorded within 24 h of the onset of symptoms that had the most prominent ST-segment changes was analyzed. In the 12 standard leads and in lead V(4)R, ST-segment elevation or depression was measured 0.06 s after the J point. RESULTS: Four previously described criteria were useful in identifying the right coronary artery (RCA) or the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) as the culprit: ST-segment elevation in lead I, ST-segment more or less elevated in lead II than in lead III, ST-segment elevation >or= 0.5 mm in lead V(4)R, and various combinations of ST-segment elevation or depression in leads V(1) and V(2). A new criterion was found to be at least as useful as any previously described: the presence and amount of ST-segment depression in lead aVR. CONCLUSIONS: At least five different ST-segment criteria help to identify the RCA or the LCX as the culprit artery in patients with acute inferior MI. One of these, the amount of ST-segment depression in lead aVR, has not been reported previously and needs validation in a larger study.     

New algorithm using only lead aVR for differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: We recently reported an ECG algorithm for differential diagnosis of regular wide QRS complex tachycardias that was superior to the Brugada algorithm. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to further simplify the algorithm by omitting the complicated morphologic criteria and restricting the analysis to lead aVR. METHODS: In this study, 483 wide QRS complex tachycardias [351 ventricular tachycardias (VTs), 112 supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), 20 preexcited tachycardias] from 313 patients with proven diagnoses were prospectively analyzed by two of the authors blinded to the diagnosis. Lead aVR was analyzed for (1) presence of an initial R wave, (2) width of an initial r or q wave >40 ms, (3) notching on the initial downstroke of a predominantly negative QRS complex, and (4) ventricular activation-velocity ratio (v(i)/v(t)), the vertical excursion (in millivolts) recorded during the initial (v(i)) and terminal (v(t)) 40 ms of the QRS complex. When any of criteria 1 to 3 was present, VT was diagnosed; when absent, the next criterion was analyzed. In step 4, v(i)/v(t) >1 suggested SVT, and v(i)/v(t) < or =1 suggested VT. RESULTS: The accuracy of the new aVR algorithm and our previous algorithm was superior to that of the Brugada algorithm (P = .002 and P = .007, respectively). The aVR algorithm and our previous algorithm had greater sensitivity (P <.001 and P = .001, respectively) and negative predictive value for diagnosing VT and greater specificity (P <.001 and P = .001, respectively) and positive predictive value for diagnosing SVT compared with the Brugada criteria. CONCLUSION: The simplified aVR algorithm classified wide QRS complex tachycardias with the same accuracy as standard criteria and our previous algorithm and was superior to the Brugada algorithm.     

STaVR抬高对急性冠状动脉综合征预后评估的价值

目的探讨心电图STaVR抬高对急性冠状动脉综合征预后评估的价值。方法回顾性分析68例急性冠状动脉综合征患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影资料、临床资料。根据STaVR抬高是否≥0.05mV分为抬高组（n=23）和非抬高组（n=45）。结果病变血管涉及左主干和左前降支近段的分别为抬高组13例（56.5％）和非抬高组1例（2.2％）,病变范围为多支病变的分别为9例（39.1％）和8例（17．8％）,发生心脏事件分别为7例（30.4％）和4例（8.9％）,两组差异均有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论急性冠状动脉综合征患者STaVR抬高提示左主干和左前降支近段病变、多支病变的可能,对判断预后有参考价值。     

A new criterion to differentiate atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia: Combined AVR criterion

Aim

A combined aVR criterion is described as the presence of a pseudo r′ wave in aVR during tachycardia in patients without r′ wave in aVR in sinus rhythm and/or a ≥50% increase in r′ wave amplitude compared to sinus rhythm in patients with r′ wave in the basal aVR lead. We aimed to investigate the use of combined aVR criterion in differential diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT).

The Prognostic Value of T Wave Amplitude in Lead aVR in Males

Background: Since there is an uncertainty regarding which of the 12 leads provides the most information, we investigated the association between repolarization phenomenon in all of the 12 leads and cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Methods: Retrospective cohort study was performed at Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, which included 24,270 consecutive male veterans with ECGs obtained for clinical reasons from 1987 to 2000. Analysis of computerized 12‐lead resting ECGs was performed of all subjects excluding inpatients, patients with atrial fibrillation, WPW, QRS duration > 120 ms, and paced rhythms. Average follow‐up was 7.5 years during which time there were 1859 CV deaths. Results: While ST segment measurements in aVR were univariately predictive of CV death, T wave amplitude superseded them in multivariate survival analysis. In addition, T wave amplitude in aVR outperformed repolarization measurements in all other leads as well as other ECG criteria (Q waves, damage scores, LVH) for predicting CV mortality. As T wave amplitude became less negative in aVR, there was a progressive increase in relative risk (RR). When the T waves in aVR had a positive deflection (i.e., upward pointing) the RR for CV death was 5.0. Conclusions: T wave amplitude in lead aVR is a powerful prognostic marker for estimating risk of CV death. Upward pointing T waves (a simple visual criterion) was prevalent (7.3% of a clinical population) and was associated with an annual CV mortality of 3.4% and a risk of five times.     

Genetic Modulation of Brugada Syndrome by a Common Polymorphism

Background: Brugada syndrome predisposes some subjects to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Mutations in SCN5A gene have been associated with ∼25% of Brugada syndrome patients. A common variant in SCN5A, H558R has shown to improve sodium channel activity in mutated channels. We studied whether common variant H558R has any clinical implications in the phenotype of Brugada syndrome.
Methods: Our study population consisted of Brugada syndrome subjects 75 with SCN5A mutation and 92 without SCN5A mutation. Their mean age was 39 ± 15 and 42 ± 17 years, and 65% and 86% were male, respectively. We measured PR-, QRS-, QTc-intervals from leads II and V2 of the 12-lead ECG. We also evaluated J-point amplitude from lead V2 and R'/S ratio from lead aVR (the "aVR sign"). The H558R (A→G) genotype was detected with direct sequencing of the SCN5A gene.
Results: The AA genotype carriers had longer QRS duration in lead II (P = 0.017) and higher J-point elevation in lead V2 (P = 0.013), higher "aVR sign" (P = 0.005) and a trend toward more subjects with symptoms (P = 0.067) than G allele carriers. None of the results were significant in Brugada syndrome subjects without SCN5A mutation.
Conclusion: The common variant H558R seems to be a genetic modulator of Brugada syndrome among carriers of a SCN5A mutation, in whom the presence of the less common allele G improves the ECG characteristics and clinical phenotype.     

Upright T waves in lead aVR are associated with cardiac death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with a prior myocardial infarction

The aim of the present study was to clarify the prognostic significance of upright T waves (amplitude > 0 mV) in lead aVR in patients with a prior myocardial infarction (MI). We retrospectively examined 167 patients with a prior MI. The primary end point was cardiac death or hospitalization for heart failure. During a follow-up period of 6.5 ± 2.8 years, 34 patients developed the primary end point. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a lower primary event-free rate in patients with upright T waves in lead aVR than in those with nonupright T waves in lead aVR (P = 0.001). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that age, gender, chronic kidney disease, anterior wall MI, upright T waves in lead aVR, left ventricular ejection fraction, loop diuretic use, and spironolactone use were significantly associated with the primary end point. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis selected age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.16, P < 0.001], upright T waves in lead aVR (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.23-7.82, P = 0.017), and loop diuretic use (HR 4.61, 95% CI 1.55-13.67, P = 0.006) as independent predictors of the primary end point. In conclusion, the presence of upright T waves in lead aVR is an independent predictor of cardiac death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with a prior MI. The analysis of T-wave amplitude in lead aVR provides useful prognostic information in patients with a prior MI.     

Arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy based on echocardiography and 12-lead, signal-averaged, and 24-hour holter electrocardiography

BACKGROUND: To date, considerable controversy exists regarding noninvasive arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC).Methods and Results Between 1992 and 1997, 202 patients with IDC without a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) underwent echocardiography, signal-averaged electrocardiogram (ECG), and 24-hour Holter ECG in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. During 32 +/- 15 months of prospective follow-up, major arrhythmic events, including sustained VT, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden death, occurred in 32 (16%) of 202 patients. After adjusting for baseline medical therapy and antiarrhythmic therapy during follow-up, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified a left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter >/=70 mm and nonsustained VT on Holter as the only independent arrhythmia risk predictors. The combination of an LV end-diastolic diameter >/=70 mm and nonsustained VT was associated with a 14. 3-fold risk for future arrhythmic events (95% confidence interval 2. 3-90). To further elucidate the prognostic value of LV ejection fraction, multivariate Cox analysis was repeated with ejection fraction forced to remain in the model. In the latter model, an ejection fraction /=70 mm and nonsustained VT on Holter, and the combination of LV ejection fraction 相似文献   

Prediction of acute left main coronary artery obstruction by 12-lead electrocardiography. ST segment elevation in lead aVR with less ST segment elevation in lead V(1).

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) features associated with acute left main coronary artery (LMCA) obstruction. BACKGROUND: Prediction of LMCA obstruction is important with regard to selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, because acute LMCA obstruction usually causes severe hemodynamic deterioration, resulting in a less favorable prognosis. METHODS: We studied the admission 12-lead ECGs in 16 consecutive patients with acute LMCA obstruction (LMCA group), 46 patients with acute left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) obstruction (LAD group) and 24 patients with acute right coronary artery (RCA) obstruction (RCA group). RESULTS: Lead aVR ST segment elevation (>0.05 mV) occurred with a significantly higher incidence in the LMCA group (88% [14/16]) than in the LAD (43% [20/46]) or RCA (8% [2/24]) groups. Lead aVR ST segment elevation was significantly higher in the LMCA group (0.16 +/- 0.13 mV) than in the LAD group (0.04 +/- 0.10 mV). Lead V(1) ST segment elevation was lower in the LMCA group (0.00 +/- 0.21 mV) than in the LAD group (0.14 +/- 0.11 mV). The finding of lead aVR ST segment elevation greater than or equal to lead V(1) ST segment elevation distinguished the LMCA group from the LAD group, with 81% sensitivity, 80% specificity and 81% accuracy. A ST segment shift in lead aVR and the inferior leads distinguished the LMCA group from the RCA group. In acute LMCA obstruction, death occurred more frequently in patients with higher ST segment elevation in lead aVR than in those with less severe elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Lead aVR ST segment elevation with less ST segment elevation in lead V(1) is an important predictor of acute LMCA obstruction. In acute LMCA obstruction, lead aVR ST segment elevation also contributes to predicting a patient's clinical outcome.     

La onda R prominente en V1 pero no en V2 es un signo específico de infarto transmural lateral grande

Introduction and objectives

In the absence of right ventricular hypertrophy or bundle-branch block, a prominent R wave in V₁ or V₂ is considered to reflect a lateral myocardial infarction. We investigated the differences in infarct location, size and transmural extent between patients with prominent R wave in V₁ and those with prominent R wave in V₂.

Methods

We studied 50 patients with a previous first infarction involving left ventricular inferior and/or lateral wall at contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance.

Results

A prominent R wave in V₁ was present in 8 patients (16%), in V₂ in 23 (46%). At magnetic resonance, the infarction involved the inferior wall in 11 patients (22%), the lateral wall in 6 (12%), and both walls in 33 patients (66%). The sensitivity of a prominent R wave in V₁ in detecting a lateral infarction was low (17.9%), while the specificity was high (90.9%). The sensitivity and specificity of a prominent R wave in V₂ were 46.2% and 54.5%, respectively. In patients with a prominent R wave in V₁, infarct size and lateral and transmural extent were greater than in patients without this pattern (P<.005, <.001, and <.05, respectively); conversely, infarct size and transmural extent in the inferior wall and in its basal-posterior segment were not significantly different. In patients with a prominent R wave in V₂, infarct size, lateral and transmural extent were not different from patients without this pattern.

Conclusions

Only a prominent R wave in V₁ is a specific sign of large and transmural lateral infarction.Full English text available from:www.revespcardiol.org