超声乳化联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的 观察超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗合并有白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾性分析合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼患者35例(37眼),其中前房角关闭范围≤180°者16眼,＞180°者21眼,均行角巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,对其手术前后的视力、眼压、视野、中央前房深度、房角状态进行对照观察.结果 随访3～24个月.术后视力除2眼有视神经萎缩外,余均有不同程度提高,末次随访平均眼压(14.31±4.13)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),较术前用药后平均眼压(26.42±3.22)mm Hg明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=5.86,P＜0.01),中央前房深度由术前的(2.0±0.3)mm,增加到术后的(3.2±0.4)mm,房角状态与术前相比有3眼大部分开放,余房角均开放.结论 对于合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼的治疗,行超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术能有效降低眼压,开放房角,加深前房,提高视力,手术并发症少.     

晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼

目的观察分析晶状体超声乳化吸出术联合后房人工晶状体植入术治疗合并白内障的急性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法对我院治疗的合并白内障的闭角型青光眼48例(48眼),术前查前房角,前房角关闭粘连小于180°范围者行晶状体超声乳化吸出术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术。术前、术后分析比较眼压、视功能及前房深度,随访6～12个月。结果术后48眼眼压全部控制在21.0 mmHg以下,无严重并发症。46眼视力均有不同程度的提高,2眼视力无变化。术前术后视力及眼压差异有统计学意义。结论对于合并有白内障的前房角关闭粘连小于180°的急性闭角型青光眼可行单纯晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗。     

透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化治疗原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的评价透明角膜切口白内障晶状体超声乳化吸出后房人工晶状体植入术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的疗效。方法回顾性分析闭角型青光眼伴白内障14例(27眼)。单纯行透明角膜切口白内障晶状体超声乳化吸出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,术后随访8~20个月。结果所有患者术中术后无严重并发症,术后视力较术前明显提高,术后平均眼压(12.64±3.37)mmHg与术前用药后平均眼压(16.72±4.26)mmHg相比差异有统计学意义(配对t检验,P<0.01),周边前房较术前明显加深,前房角均重新开放或部分开放增宽。结论单纯透明角膜切口白内障晶状体超声乳化吸出后房型折叠人工晶状体植入术,可有效治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼。     

白内障超乳联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼

目的　观察晶状体超声乳化吸出联合房角分离术治疗合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼的效果。方法　回顾分析2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 4年 4月 ,2 4例 2 7眼合并晶状体浑浊的急性及慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障行透明角膜切口晶状体超声乳化吸出、后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术联合房角分离术。观察手术前、后视力和眼压。UBM及前房角镜观察手术前后的前房角粘连范围和前房深度的变化。随访 2月至 3年 ,平均 2 4月。结果　术后随访 2 5眼 (92 5 9% )最佳矫正视力比术前明显提高 ,最终眼压较术前明显降低。中央前房深度较术前增加。 2 0眼 (74 0 7% )术后前房角全开放。结论　超声乳化吸出、后房人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术能使此类患者降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角和提高视力。     

白内障超声乳化术治疗闭角型青光眼的临床体会

目的：观察白内障超声乳化联合后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗合并白内障的不同房角关闭状态的闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法：白内障超声乳化联合后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼48例64眼,术前及术后常规行视力、裂隙灯、Goldmann前房角镜检查、前房深度、眼压检查。结果：术后随访3～12mo,52眼视力较前有明显提高。59眼术后眼压〈21mmHg。64眼前房深度均加深,术前前房深度平均1.803mm,术后前房深度平均3.143mm。术前关闭的前房角有不同程度的开放,虹膜平坦,虹膜周边前粘连的范围明显缩小。64眼均未发生后囊膜破裂及角膜失代偿。结论：合并白内障的闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术,不但能够有效降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角,还可恢复视功能,并能减少小梁切除术的常见并发症,是治疗闭角型青光眼的一种安全有效的方法。     

人工晶状体植入治疗急性原发性闭角型青光眼

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗瞳孔阻滞缓解后伴白内障急性原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效.方法 对43例(47眼)伴白内障闭角型青光眼患者经药物治疗缓解瞳孔阻滞后,行白内障超声乳化术和人工晶状体植入术.观察手术前后眼压、视力、前房角及中央前房深度的变化.结果 术后随访6～12个月,平均眼压由术前的(18.5±5.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至(13.5±4.5)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);视力均有不同程度提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);前房角均较术前增宽,可见大部分睫状体带;平均中央前房深度由术前的(3.25±0.35)mm降至(1.30±0.25)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗瞳孔阻滞缓解后的急性原发性闭角型青光眼伴白内障有效.     

晶状体超声乳化治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼

目的 评价单纯晶状体超声乳化手术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼的效果.方法 回顾性分析23例(25眼)合并白内障的闭角型青光眼施行单纯晶状体超声乳化手术,观察术前术后视力、眼压、前房角及前房深度.随访时间半年.结果 23例(25眼)术后平均眼明显降低(P<0.001),术后视力均有提高,前房角均有增宽,部分重新开放,前房深度加深.结论 单纯品状体乳化吸出术是合并白内障的闭角型青光眼的一种可供选择的有效治疗方法,但应掌握其适应证.     

超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的:观察超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法:对闭角型青光眼并白内障36例46眼行超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除手术治疗。术前、术后分别详细记录患者视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房深度、房角及眼底情况。结果:术后随访3mo～2a,43眼(93.5%)视力较术前明显提高,44眼(95.7%)眼压保持在正常范围,术后眼压<21mmHg。35例46眼患者前房深度术前平均为2.1±0.3mm,术后平均3.8±0.4mm,术后所有患者前房深度均加深,术前关闭的前房角也有不同程度的开放。6眼(13.0%)角膜水肿,无角膜内皮失代偿。结论:合并白内障的闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合小梁切除术安全有效,能够有效降低眼压、加深前房、开放房角,提高视力。     

白内障超声乳化吸除联合房角粘连分离术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效

目的观察白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角粘连分离术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效及术后房角形态的改变。方法白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角粘连分离术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼61例（73只眼）,对其手术前后的视力、眼压、视野、中央前房深度、房角形态进行对照,术后随访6～11个月。结果 61例（73只眼）中有69只眼视力较术前明显提高（P〈0.05）。73只眼术后中央前房深度均加深,术前前房深度（1.572±0.314）mm,术后前房深度（3.186±0.217）mm（P〈0.05）。66只眼术后眼压明显降低,术前眼压（22.42±3.53）mm Hg,术后眼压（13.52±3.24）mm Hg（P〈0.05）。房角镜术后2个月检查有71只眼房角开放,术后6个月房角镜未发现房角再次粘连,64只眼术后6个月复查视野无缩小。结论超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入联合房角粘连分离术可有效降低眼压、提高视力,是闭角型青光眼同时合并白内障患者安全有效的治疗途径。     

晶状体超声乳化人工晶状体植入治疗闭角型青光眼临床观察

目的观察晶状体超声乳化吸出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗伴白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法原发性闭角型青光眼32例32眼,行表面麻醉下超声乳化吸出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术。对比手术前后视力、眼压、中央前房深度及前房角的变化。结果32例视力均有不同程度的提高,眼压控制在正常范围内,低于21mmHg,27眼（84．38％）,视力〉0．5,前房角粘连有改善。结论晶状体超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术,是治疗伴白内障的闭角型青光眼的一种安全可行的有效方法。     

Electrophysiological determination of the refractive state of the eye of the opossum

The refractive state of the eye of the South American opossum Didelphis marsupialis aurita was investigated with electrophysiological techniques. Using adult specimens, trapped from the wild, averaged cortical evoked responses were recorded from the region of projection of the central visual field. Stimuli consisted of a phase reversal of a square wave grating generated on a CRO screen, with luminance of 2.4 cd/m2 and contrast 0.84. The refractive state of the eye was altered by means of trial lenses and the amplitude of the cortical responses thus obtained compared to those obtained with no lens (control values). Refraction "tuning curves" were determined for each animal. The average refractive state was found to be -2.27 D indicating that this species when raised in its habitat shows, at low ambient luminosity, some degree of myopia. Determination of the Contrast Sensitivity Function indicate that induced ametropias lead to a reduction of the cut-off value of the spatial frequency and a loss of contrast sensitivity.     

Influence of exercise on the structure of the anterior chamber of the eye

Purpose

To measure changes in anterior chamber structure before and after exercise in healthy individuals using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods

Thirty‐two healthy young individuals performed jogging for 20 min. Eye blinking rate was recorded during rest and exercise. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular‐iris space area at 500 μm from the scleral spur (TISA500), iris concavity (IC), iris concavity ratio (CR), iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), pupil diameter (PD), intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after exercise. Anterior chamber angle (ACA), AOD500, TISA500, IC, IT750, ACD, ACW and PD were measured with ASOCT.

Results

Compared with rest, the blinking rate during exercise did not change significantly (13.04 ± 5.80 versus 13.52 ± 5.87 blinks/min, p = 0.645). The average IOP (15.4 ± 2.4 versus 12.4 ± 2.1 mmHg), ACA (35.96 ± 11.35 versus 40.25 ± 12.64 degrees), AOD500 (0.800 ± 0.348 versus 0.942 ± 0.387 mm), TISA500 (0.308 ± 0.155 versus 0.374 ± 0.193 mm²), IC (?0.078 ± 0.148 versus ?0.153 ± 0.159 mm) and CR (?0.027 ± 0.050 versus ?0.054 ± 0.056) changed significantly (all p < 0.001), while the average IT750 (0.463 ± 0.084 versus 0.465 ± 0.086 mm; p = 0.492), ACD (3.171 ± 0.229 versus 3.175 ± 0.238 mm; p = 0.543) and ACW (11.768 ± 0.377 versus 11.755 ± 0.378 mm; p = 0.122) showed no significant change after exercise.

Conclusion

The blinking rate did not change significantly during exercise, while ACA, AOD500 and TISA500 increased after exercise. Exercise also induced or increased IC. These changes in anterior chamber structure were only associated with exercise, but not with the postexercise change in PD or IOP.     

Determination of the location of the fovea on the fundus

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the distance between optic nerve head and fovea in healthy eyes determined by scanning laser ophthalmoscope may facilitate estimation of the location of the fovea relative to the optic disc in patients with macular disease. METHODS: The angular distance was measured, in horizontal and vertical directions, between the center of the optic nerve head and the fovea in 104 eyes of 104 healthy probands. For additional evaluation of intraindividual variation in 70 of these persons the contralateral eye was measured as well. RESULTS: The distance between the optic disc and the fovea differed vertically more than horizontally (-1.5 +/- 0.9 degrees [-3.65 to +0.65 degrees ] vs. 15.5 +/- 1.1 degrees [13.0-17.9 degrees ]). There was a mean angle between the fovea and the center of the optic disc versus the horizon of -5.6 +/- 3.3 degrees. The intraindividual difference between right and left eyes was markedly lower, with average angles being 0.2 +/- 1.3 degrees vertically and 0.0 +/- 1.1 degrees horizontally. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the optic nerve head and the fovea does not allow for a meaningful determination of the location of the fovea in eyes in which morphologic changes have occurred. The angle of rotation of the fovea relatively to the center of the optic nerve head is relatively stable. Therefore, the size of a central scotoma can be determined by movement of the blind spot according to the change of the preferred retinal locus (PRL). In addition, the knowledge of the location of the fovea enables determination of the position in the contralateral eye of the same patient.