祥云县实施全国第三次吸烟调查结果分析

吸烟是许多疾病的重要危险因素，而烟草是我县主要经济作物，因此掌握烤烟主产区人群吸烟的现状，研究吸烟对疾病模式的影响，对制订本地区经济发展战略与卫生保健政策有重要意义。现将祥云县实施全国第三次吸烟调查的结果分析如下。材料和方法１调查方案：按照“１９９５...     

山东省结核病发病率调查结果分析

目的　分析结核病发病率调查结果可信程度 ,为今后工作提供经验和依据。方法　将 1 982年、1 987年发病调查的结果与 1 979年、1 984年患病调查结果及年度疫情登记情况对比。结果　两次发病率调查的涂阳发病率为0 .0 1 2 %、0 .0 1 0 % ,明显低于两次全国患病调查涂阳患者新发现率 0 .0 40 %和 0 .0 38% ,而 1 995～ 1 998年涂阳患者新登记率已高达发病率调查结果的 1 1 0 %～ 1 6 0 %。结论　发病率调查误差明显太大 ,从 1 995年后涂阳患者新登记率可以看出 ,患病率调查的新发现率用作测算发病疫情 ,比较符合逻辑和实际疫情。如想直接获得可信度高的发病疫情 ,就必须扩大发病调查的规模、范围 ,延长观察年时间 ,但人、财、物力耗费过大 ,无实际价值和意义。     

绵阳市第四次结核病流行病学抽样调查分析

根据《关于开展第四次全国全省结核病流行病学调查的通知》要求 ,我市于 2 0 0 0年 4月 1 0日至 5月 1 6日完成了盐亭县农村点 (三元乡双泉村 )及游仙区城镇点 (实乐小区 )共 2个点的流调工作 ,现将本次流调情况报告如下。调查方法1 核实户口、抄写户卡、个卡资料、确认被检人数 ;填个案表、Ｘ线透视 ;对 1 5岁以下儿童进行ＰＰＤ试验。2 结核病可疑者拍胸片 ,胸透 (片 )异常者痰涂片、培养。3 结合病史、结核菌检验及胸透 (片 )结果 ,经省专家组确定肺结核病人。结　　果1 本次应检 2 72 1人 ,实检 2 60 6人 ,实检率为95 8%。检出 1 8人…     

四川省第三次全国死因流调人群循环系统疾病死亡特征分析

目的了解四川省居民循环系统疾病死亡现状，为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法对四川省十个调查点全人群进行死因调查，使用国家统一软件分析调查数据。结果调查人群死亡第一位是循环系统疾病，粗死亡率175、62／10万^-1，标化死亡率为118．04／10万^-1。结论制订心血管疾病防治方案，采取一系列防治措施是非常重要的。     

2000年江西省儿童结核病流行病学调查分析

我科于2000年3～12月组织了全省第4次结核病流行病学调查。现将我省儿童结核的患病情况报告如下：     

全国肛肠疾病流调结果发布

<正>8月25日,中华中医药学会肛肠分会在北京召开新闻发布会,公布最新中国肛肠疾病流行病学调查结果。调查由中华中医药学会肛肠分会和马应龙药业集团共同发起和实施,历时两年半,深入全国31个省市、自治区的农村、社区,通过问卷调查和体格检查相结合的方式,对18周岁以上(含)的城乡居民进行调查,获取到有效样本68906例,这是新中国成立以来,在全国范围内开展的最为广泛的肛肠疾病流行病学调查。     

我院2010年结核病实验室结核菌药敏结果分析

目的 了解本地区结核菌耐药情况,指导临床医生合理选择抗结核药物,减少耐药菌的产生.方法 采用直接涂片检查法和改良罗氏培养基培养法进行培养鉴定,采用菌液浓度比例法进行药敏测试.结果 385例结核菌培养阳性分离株中,耐药总例数为144例,总耐药率37.4％,单耐药99例,单耐药率25.7％,以耐S最多11.0％(42/385),385例阳性标本中至少耐H、R的有17例,耐多药率4.42％.结论 我市结核病防治工作现状仍不容乐观,结核分枝杆菌耐药状况值得重视,应进一步加强结核病患者的归口管理,推行全程化疗督导.     

结核病区护士结核菌素皮肤试验结果分析

[目的]了解结核病区护士的结核菌素反应情况,为医院制定预防结核感染措施提供科学依据。[方法]皮内注射卡介菌纯蛋白衍生物,对结核病区护士80人与内科护士80人及外科护士81人进行比较。[结果]结核病区护士阳性率高于非结核病区护士(χ2=58.4,P<0.05)。[结论]结核病区护士是结核感染的高危人群,应加强自我防护,医院及有关部门应制定切实可行的预防措施。     

江苏省第三次吸烟调查结果分析

江苏省第三次吸烟调查结果分析江苏省卫生防疫站（２１０００９）胡月梅黄红玉刘光中吸烟有害健康已成为科学定论，许多资料均表明吸烟是多种疾病的主要死因。根据我省疾病监测系统的死亡资料，心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、肺癌呈上升趋势。因此动态掌握我省人群吸烟的现...     

2018-2020年9家结核病定点医院肺外结核病住院患者特征分析

目的 分析住院肺外结核病患者的流行病学特征,为肺外结核病的防治政策和措施制定提供科学依据。方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,从全国东中西部共选取9家结核病定点医疗机构,利用医院信息系统(HIS)收集出院第一诊断为“肺外结核”和“结核性胸膜炎”患者的人口学特征和临床特征等。采用频数、构成比和中位数对患者的相关资料进行描述性统计分析;采用χ²检验比较组间分布是否具有差异。结果 本研究共纳入3 451例肺外结核病患者,肺外结核病患者年龄中位数M(P₂₅,P₇₅)为44(29,59)岁;男、女性别比例为1.41∶1;农、牧民患者有1 615例(46.80%)。结核性胸膜炎、淋巴结结核和骨关节结核分别有689例(19.97%)、434例(12.58%)和427例(12.37%)。肺外结核合并肝胆疾病、肾脏疾病和营养不良分别有533例(15.44%)、354例(10.26%)和258例(7.48%)。从临床特征分析,入院前病情明确的患者有1973例(57.17%),46.28%(1 597例)的患者接受手术治疗。住院天数中位数为17d。从...     

2003年全国性病流行病学分析

性病在我国已经成为重大的公共卫生和社会问题。为了解掌握我国性病发病趋势和流行特点,为政府部门制定防治对策提供科学依据,现将2003年全国性病疫情分析如下。     

莱芜市1998-2002年肺结核疫情流行病学分析

目的　探讨莱芜市 1998- 2002年肺结核疫情动态 ,控制肺结核传播蔓延。方法　采用流行病学回顾性调查 ,对莱芜市 5年来肺结核报告病例的人群、地区、时间分布进行流行病学分析。结果　 1998-2002年全市共新登记活动性肺结核 1 637例 ,涂阳病人 6 87例 ,其中新发涂阳 5 6 3例 ,复发涂阳 12 4例。年均活动性肺结核新登记率为 26.58/10万 ,菌阳新登记率为 11.15/10万 ,新发涂阳新登记率为 9.14/10万。 16 37例活动性肺结核患者中 ,男性患病率明显高于女性 (P <0.0 1) ,80.46%的病例集中在 15 - 64岁的中青年组 ,87.48%的患者是农民 ,农民患病率明显高于其他职业人群 (P <0.01) ,乡镇活动性肺结核新登记率及涂阳病人新登记率明显高于城区(P<0.01)。结论　男性患者 ,15 - 64岁中青年患者及农民患者是实施和执行现代肺结核控制策略的重点。     

Aspirin use among adults with diabetes: estimates from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

OBJECTIVE: Since 1997, the American Diabetes Association has recommended that aspirin therapy be considered for adults with diabetes who have cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors. We examined the prevalence of regular aspirin use among adults in the U.S. with diagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) used a probability sample of the U.S. population and included an interview, physical examination, and laboratory studies. Among the survey participants were 1,503 adults (age > or =21 years) with self-reported diabetes. We defined regular aspirin use as reported having taken aspirin > or = 15 times in the previous month. CVD conditions were self-reported heart attack and stroke and symptoms of angina and claudication. CVD risk factors included smoking, hypertension, obesity, albuminuria, lipid abnormalities, and family history of heart attack. RESULTS: An estimated 27% of adults with diabetes had CVD, and an additional 71% had one or more CVD risk factors. Aspirin was used regularly by 37% of those with CVD and by 13% of those with risk factors only Adjusted odds of regular aspirin use were significantly greater for individuals with CVD than for those with one CVD risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3); for non-Hispanic whites than for blacks, Mexican-Americans, and others (OR = 2.5); and for individuals age 40-59 years than for those <40 years (OR = 33.3). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly every adult in the U.S. with diabetes has at least one risk factor for CVD and thus may be considered a potential candidate for aspirin therapy. During 1988-1994, only 20% (95% CI 16-23) took aspirin regularly Major efforts are needed to increase aspirin use.     

深圳地区支气管哮喘的流行病学调查分析

目的 调查深圳地区支气管哮喘的发病情况,探讨哮喘病的相关危险因素.方法 采用统一的流行病学调查表格,以随机、分层、不等比、整群抽样方法 ,按街道、居委会进行抽样调查.结果 全地区共调查6 248人,其中男3 156人,女3 092人.哮喘病患者40例,总患病率6.40‰,其中患病率列前3位的年龄段分别为66～75岁(54‰)、56～65岁(23‰)和14～17岁(12‰).危险及诱发因素调查发现,哮喘病患者中被动吸烟者占40%,而儿童患者在出生期间父亲吸烟者达57%;伴有过敏性鼻炎者占50%;因感冒发病者占45%,因天气变化或吸入冷空气气流突然发病者占30%,儿童患者在2年前患支气管炎者达86%.结论 本次调查基本代表了深圳地区哮喘病的流行情况,以此估算深圳地区患者约2.59万人,为今后哮喘的群防群治及相关研究提供了依据.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and diabetes risk and whether it varies by ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed an analysis of data from participants who attended the morning examination of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Serum levels of 25OHD, which reflect vitamin D status, were available from 6,228 people (2,766 non-Hispanic whites, 1,736 non-Hispanic blacks, and 1,726 Mexican Americans) aged > or =20 years with fasting and/or 2-h plasma glucose and serum insulin measurements. RESULTS: Adjusting for sex, age, BMI, leisure activity, and quarter of year, ethnicity-specific odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes (fasting glucose > or =7.0 mmol/l) varied inversely across quartiles of 25OHD in a dose-dependent pattern (OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.11-0.60] for non-Hispanic whites and 0.17 [0.08-0.37] for Mexican Americans) in the highest vitamin D quartile (25OHD > or =81.0 nmol/l) compared with the lowest 25OHD (< or =43.9 nmol/l). This inverse association was not observed in non-Hispanic blacks. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (log e) was inversely associated with serum 25OHD in Mexican Americans (P=0.0024) and non-Hispanic whites (P=0.058) but not non-Hispanic blacks (P=0.93), adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: These results show an inverse association between vitamin D status and diabetes, possibly involving insulin resistance, in non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. The lack of an inverse association in non-Hispanic blacks may reflect decreased sensitivity to vitamin D and/or related hormones such as the parathyroid hormone.     

黑龙江省2003年肺结核病的流行特征

目的探讨黑龙江省肺结核病的流行特征。方法采用2003年黑龙江省传染病疫情报告订正数据,进行统计分析,主要分析年龄、性别、职业、地区分布的特点。结果发病主要集中在20～50岁之间,共计报告发病19630例,占肺结核的年发病总数的73.27%。发病以大中城市的非商业区为主,职业以农民、工人、学生、家务待业及离退人员为主,共计21870例,占发病总数的81.63%。结论肺结核发病率高、死亡率高、病死率高,无明显的季节性特点。     

Predicting impaired glucose tolerance using common clinical information: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

OBJECTIVE: To develop a score to predict impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) using common clinical data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) for 2,746 individuals aged 40-74 years who completed an oral glucose tolerance test. IGT was defined as a 2-h postchallenge glucose > or =140 mg/dl (7.7 mmol/l). We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to describe the association of IGT with commonly available clinical information. A numerical score to predict IGT was derived from the results of the multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Fasting glucose levels between 101 and 109 mg/dl (5.6 and 6.0 mmol/l) or between 110 and 125 mg/dl (6.1 and 6.9 mmol/l) were associated with IGT (odds ratio 1.8 and 6.2, respectively; P < 0.05). BMI > or =25 kg/m(2), Mexican-American ethnicity, age between 60 and 74 years, hypertension, and triglyceride level > or =150 mg/dl (1.69 mmol/l) were also associated with IGT. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for an 8-point scale derived from the multivariate analysis was 0.74 (95% CI 0.72-0.76). Setting a low cut point of 2 on this scale resulted in high sensitivity (86%), whereas a high cut point of 6 yielded high specificity (97%) for the detection of IGT. CONCLUSIONS: A numerical score based on common clinical data can identify individuals with a low or high likelihood of having IGT.