基于ReHo方法的大学生网络成瘾静息功能磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨网络成瘾大学生静息状态脑功能特点。方法:采用ReHo分析方法 ,19名网络成瘾大学生及19名对照进行磁共振脑功能成像,比较两组平均脑ReHo图的差异。结果:IAD组ReHo值升高区域主要集中在小脑、脑干、扣带回(右侧)、双侧海马旁回、右侧额叶(直回,额中回及额下回)、左侧额上回、左侧楔前叶、右侧中央后回、右侧枕中回、右侧颞下回、左侧颞上回及颞中回;ReHo降低的区域仅表现在左侧顶叶的楔前叶。结论:网络成瘾大学生局域一致性存在异常,大部分脑区同步性增强,小脑、脑干、边缘叶、额顶叶同步性增强可能与网络成瘾奖赏通路有关。     

同一经络上穴位的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的:手针针刺同一经络上但被同一神经阶段支配的不同穴位的核磁共振功能成像研究。方法:对33名志愿者进行手针针刺,每一位志愿者会随机地接受一个点的针刺:太冲穴,中都穴,太冲穴旁的非穴位点和中都穴旁的非穴位点,在针刺同时用1.5T核磁共振扫描仪进行扫描,得到针刺穴位相对于非穴位的激活脑区。结果:相对于刺激假穴组,刺激真穴组都激活了额内侧面、前扣带回(ACC,BA24/32/25);对侧中央后回、顶叶BA7/31、额中回;还有同侧的BA19和小脑。针刺太冲穴特异地激活了两侧额中回和颞下回,对侧颞中回、岛叶、小脑和同侧额中回、尾状核;针刺中都穴特异地激活了对侧颞上回、顶下小叶、同侧的中央前回和额上回。结论:针刺同一经络上的不同穴位会引起相似的大脑反应,而针刺同一经络上不同穴位所引起的特异性激活也表明了穴位特异性的存在。     

遭受多重侵害高职高专女生静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的:探讨遭受多重侵害的高职高专女生静息态脑功能磁共振特点。方法:15名遭受多重侵害无创伤后应激症状被试(PV无PTSS组)、15名多重侵害有创伤后应激症状被试(PV有PTSS组)和15名正常对照接受静息态脑功能扫描。采用SPM8和静息态功能磁共振数据处理工具包分别进行数据预处理和ReHo分析。结果:静息状态下,与对照组相比,PV无PTSS组左侧额下回、左右额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧梭状回、左右海马旁回、右侧扣带回、左右豆状核和右侧岛叶的ReHo值降低;左右额上回、左右额中回、左右额下回、左右顶下小叶、左右楔前叶、左右颞上回、左侧颞横回、左右颞中回、右侧舌回和右侧扣带后回的ReHo值升高。与PV有PTSS组相比,PV无PTSS组在右侧额中回和额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧舌回、左右海马旁回、左侧扣带回和左侧豆状核ReHo值降低;在左右额上回、左右额中回、左侧额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧缘上回、左右顶下小叶、左侧梭状回和左侧尾状核ReHo值升高。结论:遭受多重侵害但无创伤后应激症状的高职高专女生在静息状态下脑默认网络以及岛叶、基底神经节、海马旁回存在局部一致性信号异常,这些脑区异常可能为遭受多重侵害导致精神障碍的发病机制提供重要线索。     

脑梗死运动性失语患者语言任务fMRI功能连接初步研究

目的 对脑梗死运动性失语患者进行词语联想任务下的功能连接研究,探讨语言任务相关脑区在运动性失语后的功能连接变化形式及神经机制.方法 采用1.5 T磁共振扫描仪对10例脑梗死后运动性失语患者[均为男性,年龄43～77岁,平均(56.7±8.6岁)]及10名正常志愿者[均为男性,年龄46～74岁,平均(56.2±9.0)岁]行词语联想任务下的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)数据采集,应用SPM2,AFNI、Matlab软件进行预处理和统计分析,并根据正常人激活结果选择左侧额下回后部激活区作为功能连接的种子点,[中心区蒙特利尔神经研究所(MNI)坐标为“-51、9、21”],与全脑其他所有体素的时间序列做相关分析.采用单样本t检验和两样本t检验进行组内和组间分析,统计阈值设定为voxel＞ 30,P＜0.001(未校正).结果 对照组与种子点正相关的脑区主要包括左侧额下回、额中回、岛叶,左侧楔前叶、顶下小叶,左侧颞中回,左侧基底节,左侧丘脑,右侧额下回、额中回、岛叶,右侧颞下回、颞上回,双侧辅助运动区(SMA),右侧顶下小叶.患者组与种子点正相关的脑区主要包括左侧额下回后部、左岛叶,左侧中央后回,左侧顶下小叶.对照组与种子点的相关性大于患者组的脑区包括右侧颞中回、颞上回,右侧额下回,SMA.患者组与种子点的相关性大于对照组的脑区为左侧外侧裂周围区,包括左侧岛叶、左侧额下回.结论 .左侧额下回后部与右侧半球失去功能连接是运动性失语发生的一种神经机制.左侧外侧裂周围区对失语早期语言功能的维持有重要作用.     

精神分裂症静息状态下的功能磁共振成像研究

目的：利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和局部一致性（regional homogeneity，ReHo）方法探测精神分裂症患者在静息状态下是否存在脑功能异常。方法：对18例精神分裂症患者和18例正常对照进行静息状态的fMRI检查，应用ReHo方法处理fMRI数据。结果：与正常人相比，精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑的BOLD信号的ReHo普遍降低（P〈0．05）。ReHo降低的脑区有双侧额叶内侧回、颞上回、颞下回、枕中回、枕下回和小脑后叶；左侧扣带回前部、海马回、颞中回、中央后回和脑桥；右侧额上回、顶上小叶、楔前叶、中央旁小叶、中央前回和小脑蚓部。结论：精神分裂症患者在静息状态下即可能存在脑功能异常，ReHo可能有助于精神分裂症静息状态的理解。     

基于多模态功能磁共振成像的原发性失眠研究

目的:研究基于多模态功能磁共振成像的原发性失眠。方法:选取福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院2018年12月~2019年12月期间收治的原发性失眠患者50例为研究组,选取与研究组性别、年龄皆与之匹配的健康人群50例作为对照组,所有被研究者均进行临床匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）以及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分,选择PCC为种子点对静息态功能磁共振成像数据进行功能连接（FC）分析,获得被研究者的脑内功能连接参数,比较研究组和对照组的差异,并进行分析。结果:两组患者性别和年龄对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但是研究组患者PSQI评分、HAMA评分以及HAMD评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;对照组被研究者和研究组患者组间无弥散张量成像（DTI）差异,对照组与研究组比较,研究组患者的左侧海马以及右上额枕束FA值显著下降,而双侧扣带回、左下纵束、右上额枕束、左侧海马、双侧钩束的MD值显著升高（P<0.05）;对照组被研究者与PCC功能连接脑部区域,包括:颞极L/颞上回/额上回/岛叶、颞极R/岛叶、枕下回R/梭状回、额下回R/额下回眶部、楔前叶L、R/后扣带回/中间扣带回、颞上回L/颞横回、枕中回R/楔前叶/顶上小叶、颞上回R,显著阈值设为P=0.000,簇≥1 355 mm3;研究组患者与PCC功能连接脑部区域,包括:额下回眶部L/颞上回/额中回、楔前叶L、R/后扣带回/中间扣带回、颞中回R/枕中回/楔前叶/角回、枕中回L/楔前叶/枕上回、额中回L、中央前回R、额上回R,显著阈值设为P=0.000,簇≥1 355 mm3。结论:联合应用静息态功能磁共振成像和扩散加权磁共振成像可以作为一种多模态的方式揭示原发性失眠患者发生的病理和生理机制。     

基于组独立成分分析方法的情绪刺激对脑部激活区域的研究

目的观察积极和消极情绪状态下的脑激活差异情况,探究脑部对正性和负性情绪信息的处理机制。方法采用组独立成分分析技术处理情绪刺激下的功能磁共振图像数据。结果在积极情绪刺激下,杏仁核周围、顶叶和右扣带回区域的连接性十分显著;而在消极的情绪刺激下,杏仁核和丘脑附近区域激活程度明显,并且这些区域与楔叶右侧、左侧颞中回区域产生高度相关性。结论大脑处理消极情绪时,激活脑区与皮层-丘脑枕核-杏仁核通路大致相符,并且左侧楔前叶和右侧后扣带回区域的连接性存在显著下降。     

健康人大脑和小脑空间记忆认知功能的fMRI研究

本研究应用功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术,检测了健康人大脑和小脑参与空间记忆的认知过程。通过对10名右利手健康志愿者进行一项短时空间记忆任务作业的同时进行脑功能磁共振扫描,实验采用组块设计,任务与对照任务交替进行,数据采用SPM99软件进行数据分析和脑功能区定位。结果显示:当统计阈值设定为P<0.0001时,大脑皮层和右侧小脑一起被显著激活;大脑皮层所激活的脑区有双侧顶叶的楔前叶、顶上小叶、缘上回(BA7/40,BA:Brodma-nn Area),双侧前额上、中、下回(BA6/9/47),双侧枕叶和枕颞交界处(BA18/19/37),右侧海马回;左侧中脑黑质及被盖部也被激活。上述结果提示:小脑和大脑皮层一起参与了空间记忆的认知过程。     

基于局部一致性方法的广泛性焦虑障碍患者静息态功能磁共振成像

目的:探讨广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)患者静息态局部脑功能的改变。方法:对17例GAD患者和19例性别、年龄相匹配的健康对照组进行静息态功能磁共振数据对比,运用局部一致性(Re Ho)分析方法,获得GAD患者局部一致性异常的脑区。结果:GAD患者静息态下Re Ho值升高的脑区有左侧颞中回、左侧额下回眶部、左侧背外侧额上回、右侧额中回、右侧顶下缘角回、右侧额下回三角部;Re Ho值降低的脑区有左侧楔叶、右侧舌回、右侧中央前回。以上升高或降低的Re Ho值与健康对照组相比有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:GAD患者静息态下多个脑区Re Ho值存在异常。     

功能磁共振在研究老年抑郁症脑功能及结构中的应用

目的:基于核磁共振下高分辨率结构成像及功能扫描评价老年抑郁症患者的脑功能及结构。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年7月于我院就诊的抑郁症老年患者50例为研究组,招募50例老年健康者为对照组,所有入组者均进行核磁共振下高分辨率结构像及功能扫描,采用MRIcro软件转化,应用REST、SPM 8软件进行图像结果分析。结果:抑郁组的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分为(26.7±1.6)分,对照组为(4.7±1.7)分,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(t=66.636,P0.001)。抑郁组患者中左侧的梭状回、颞上回、楔前叶、顶下小叶、中央后回、中央旁小叶,以及右侧的枕中回、顶下小叶、额上回的ReHo较健康组显著减低(P0.05),抑郁组患者的左侧颞下回、额下回、楔前叶,右侧内侧扣带回、梭状回、颞下回、楔叶的GMV较健康组显著减低(P0.05)。结论:老年抑郁症患者中脑功能与结构异常的区域没有重叠,异常的脑功能与结构对于抑郁症神经病理机制的作用相互独立。     

Distributed cortical networks for focused auditory attention and distraction

We used behavioral measures and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the effects of parametrically varied task-irrelevant pitch changes in attended sounds on loudness-discrimination performance and brain activity in cortical surface maps. Ten subjects discriminated tone loudness in sequences that also included infrequent task-irrelevant pitch changes. Consistent with results of previous studies, the task-irrelevant pitch changes impaired performance in the loudness discrimination task. Auditory stimulation, attention-enhanced processing of sounds and motor responding during the loudness discrimination task activated supratemporal (auditory cortex) and inferior parietal areas bilaterally and left-hemisphere (contralateral to the hand used for responding) motor areas. Large pitch changes were associated with right hemisphere supratemporal activations as well as widespread bilateral activations in the frontal lobe and along the intraparietal sulcus. Loudness discrimination and distracting pitch changes activated common areas in the right supratemporal gyrus, left medial frontal cortex, left precentral gyrus, and left inferior parietal cortex.     

Investigation of acupoint specificity by functional connectivity analysis based on graph theory

Acupoint specificity is still a contentious issue and remains to be verified whether brain, response is as specific as the purported indication of different acupoints. Previous fMRI acupuncture, studies based on multiple-block design may not be able to fully disclose acupuncture effects. Both, recent studies and certain clinical reports have indicated that there exists time-sustainability during, acupuncture even after the stimulus being terminated. Further understanding of how such external, intervention interacts with post-stimulus resting brain networks may enlighten us to gain an, appreciation of the physiological function and integrated mechanisms involved in acupuncture. In our, study, we adopted a modified non-repeated event-related (NRER) design, and utilized the graph theory, based functional connectivity analysis to investigate the neural specificity of the PC6, with the same, meridian acupoint PC7 and a different meridian acupoint GB37 as separate controls. Under the, construct of this network model, some brain regions with a larger degree of connectivity indicated, stronger interactions with other brain regions and were considered to be important nodes in this, network. We identified that the two most important brain areas were the right nodule and right uvula, following acupuncture at PC6, and the right amygdala and right inferior parietal lobe following, acupuncture at PC7. Following the GB37, the two regions with the larger degree of connectivity were, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and middle occipital gyrus. These specific regions may mediate the, specific effects of acupuncture. Results showed that different modulatory brain networks may support, the point specificity of acupuncture.     

Comparable fMRI activity with differential behavioural performance on mental rotation and overt verbal fluency tasks in healthy men and women

To explicate the neural correlates of sex differences in visuospatial and verbal fluency tasks, we examined behavioural performance and blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) regional brain activity, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, during a three-dimensional (3D) mental rotation task and a compressed sequence overt verbal fluency task in a group of healthy men (n=9) and women (n=10; tested during the low-oestrogen phase of the menstrual cycle). Men outperformed women on the mental rotation task, and women outperformed men on the verbal fluency task. For the mental rotation task, men and women activated areas in the right superior parietal lobe and the bilateral middle occipital gyrus in association with the rotation condition. In addition, men activated the left middle temporal gyrus and the right angular gyrus. For verbal fluency, men activated areas in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, thalamus, left parahippocampal gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus, and women activated areas in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left caudate. Despite observing task related activation in the hypothesised areas in men and women, no areas significantly differentiated the two sexes. Our results demonstrate comparable brain activation in men and women in association with mental rotation and verbal fluency function with differential performance, and provide support for sex differences in brain–behaviour relationships.     

Parietal and frontal object areas underlie perception of object orientation in depth

Recent studies have shown that the human parietal and frontal cortices are involved in object image perception. We hypothesized that the parietal/frontal object areas play a role in differentiating the orientations (i.e., views) of an object. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared brain activations while human observers differentiated between two object images in depth-orientation (orientation task) and activations while they differentiated the images in object identity (identity task). The left intraparietal area, right angular gyrus, and right inferior frontal areas were activated more for the orientation task than for the identity task. The occipitotemporal object areas, however, were activated equally for the two tasks. No region showed greater activation for the identity task. These results suggested that the parietal/frontal object areas encode view-dependent visual features and underlie object orientation perception.     

Activation of brain regions using task-state FMRI in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis

Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was performed to examine the activation characteristics of cognition-related brain regions in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The databases PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, WFSD, and VIP were systematically searched. The software Ginger-ALE 3.0.2 was used for coordinate unification and meta-analysis. Seven studies with a total of 314 subjects were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that compared with healthy subjects, mTBI patients had enhanced activation in the left anterior angular gyrus, left occipital joint visual, left midbrain, right temporal angular gyrus, right cerebellar tonsil, left frontal insula, and right inferior frontal gyrus. mTBI patients had attenuated activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, left cerebellar anterior lobe, left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, right middle frontal gyrus, right posterior cingulate gyrus, left joint visual, left supramarginal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right precuneus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right frontal eye field, right lower parietal gyrus, corpus callosum, right frontal pole region, and left prefrontal lobe. Further joint analysis revealed that the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of the right middle frontal gyrus was a region of attenuated co-activation. The dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of the right middle frontal gyrus showing attenuated activation was the main brain region distinguishing mTBI patients from healthy subjects. Cognitive deficits could be associated with attenuated activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of the right middle frontal gyrus, which could be due to a decline in the recruitment ability of the neural network involved in controlling attention.     

静息态脑功能技术对平衡针治疗中枢机制的分析应用

背景：平衡针治疗疾病疗效显著,但缺乏相关现代科学理论机制。 目的：利用静息态脑功能成像技术探讨平衡针疗法的中枢作用机制。 方法：纳入10例腰椎间盘突出腰腿痛患者及10例正常受试者,于平衡针针刺前后进行功能磁共振扫描,通过AFNI软件对与双侧杏仁核表现为显著联系的脑区进行功能连接分析,并对平衡针刺后腰椎间盘突出患者及正常受试者的脑功能连接的差异进行探讨。 结果与结论：经平衡针治疗后10例腰椎间盘突出患者疼痛均有好转。脑功能连接分析显示腰椎间盘突出患者丘脑、脑干、腹前核、腹外侧核、额内侧回、额上回、额叶眶上回、额下回、颞上回、颞中回、海马回、扣带回、岛叶等脑区功能连接增强。正常受试者双侧颞中回、双侧眶上回、双侧尾状核头、双侧岛叶、左侧腹背侧核、双侧额上回、左侧额中回、前扣带回、右侧顶下小叶与杏仁核连接增强;双侧小脑齿状核、小脑蚓、左侧小脑坡、双侧舌回、左侧枕中回、右侧额上回、右侧中央前回、双侧顶下小叶、右侧顶上小叶、右侧中央后回与杏仁核连接下降。提示通过静息脑功能成像技术对杏仁核的研究有助于更深入理解平衡针灸治疗腰腿痛的中枢机制。