某卷烟厂职业病危害及关键控制点分析

目的对某卷娴厂职业病危害因素的识别与分析,确定职业病危害的关键控制点。方法按照《作业场所空气中粉尘测定方法》《工作场所物理因素测量》的要求,对卷烟厂作业场所进行职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测检验。结果卷烟厂主要存在的职业病危害因素为烟草尘、噪声及电离辐射。烟草尘合格率为90．9％,超标部位主要集中在烟梗处理工序;噪声合格率为64．3％,超标部位主要集中在干燥机、压缩机、卷包卷烟机、滤棒成型机、包装机组等设备;电离辐射合格率均为100％。结论卷烟厂存在的职业病危害的关键控制点为烟梗处理时产生烟草尘岗位;各种机器产生噪声岗位;电离辐射作业岗位。     

某客车生产企业电焊作业职业病危害状况调查

为了解某客车生产企业电焊作业的职业病危害状况,对电焊作业岗位进行职业卫生学调查,并对138名电焊作业人员进行职业健康检查。结果显示,作业场所生产性噪声强度为69.7~102.9 dB(A),噪声超标点3个,超标率为21.4%。;锰平均浓度为0.11 mg/m3,锰超标点4个,超标率为44.4%。职业健康检查有18.1%的受检者出现不同程度的头痛、头昏、眼干、咽部不适等症状,8.0%出现轻度限制性肺功能障碍,26.1%出现不同程度的听力异常。提示,电焊作业场所生产性噪声和锰的职业病危害情况较为严重。电焊作业人员的健康影响以呼吸系统和听力损伤为主。     

某热电厂的劳动卫生状况调查

目的为了解热电厂劳动卫生学及作业人员健康状况。方法对某热电厂作业场所的环境监测资料和工人职业健康检查资料进行统计学整理分析。结果该厂除少数岗位粉尘浓度、噪声强度超标外,多数监测岗位的作业环境符合国家卫生标准;1 221名作业人员健康检查：听力损伤检出率为4.14%（6/145）,高血压检出率17.36%,异常心电图检出率9.91%,异常胸片检出率8.11%,肝胆B超异常率6.88%。结论该企业主要的职业病危害因素是粉尘、噪声、高温。劳动者主要的健康问题是听力损害、高血压、心电图异常和肺部异常改变等。建议加强职业病危害环境治理,落实个人卫生防护措施,加强自我健康管理。     

某化工企业噪声作业工人听力损伤调查研究

目的了解噪声作业工人听力损伤情况动态变化,为控制和消除职业性听力损伤的防护措施提供依据。方法抽取某化工企业所有接触噪声的工人2011-2015年职业健康检查报告与相应岗位的噪声检测与评价报告,进行对比分析。结果噪声作业岗位超标检出率为13.2%,听力异常检出率为3.1%,主要为高频听力损伤,噪声防护设施配备率占67.8%,防噪耳塞佩戴率为38.4%。结论噪声强度越大,接噪时间越长,听力损伤率越高,高频听力损伤明显。应重点关注噪声超标岗位的治理,并加强防噪耳塞的监督管理,加强职业健康检查筛查听力损伤,排查职业病。     

龙岩市51家企业生产性噪声危害状况调查

目的了解龙岩市企业生产性噪声的危害状况,为保护劳动者身体健康提供科学依据。方法对全市存在噪声危害的企业进行职业卫生调查,对作业场所生产性噪声强度进行检测并对劳动者进行职业健康检查。结果该市企业生产性噪声分布广,强度大,作业点合格率较低(69.3%),噪声防护措施未能完全落实;接触组接噪作业观察对象、轻度听力损伤的异常检出率明显高于对照组(P<0·01),接触组自觉不适症状、内科检查、心电图的异常检出率明显高于对照组(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论预防、控制生产性噪声危害与提高职业性听力损伤的防治水平是该市当前和今后职业卫生工作的重点之一。     

合肥市2009年电焊作业工人健康状况调查

目的了解合肥市生产企业电焊作业的职业病危害状况,为采取防护措施,保护工人身体健康提供依据。方法对电焊作业岗位进行职业卫生学调查,并对1136名电焊作业人员进行职业健康检查。结果作业场所空气中有害物质测定结果合格率为96.7%,职业健康检查有18.13%的受检查者血常规异常,9.33%出现不同程度的听力异常,有23.32%出现肺纹理紊乱增重。结论电焊作业场所生产性噪声和锰的职业病危害情况较为严重。     

云南省某复烤厂职业病危害因素监测及工人健康检查结果

目的 了解复烤厂在生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素及其对工人健康的影响.方法 对云南省某复烤厂进行职业卫生现场调查、采样检测及分析,并对作业工人进行职业健康检查.结果 粉尘、噪声是该厂主要的职业危害因素,生产性粉尘作业岗位粉尘超标率为37.2％,烟草总尘浓度在0.2～ 28.8 mg/m3之间,粉尘作业危害岗位占40.3％;噪声作业岗位噪声超标率为33.7％,噪声强度在62.5 ～96.7 dB(A)之间,噪声作业危害岗位占34.3％,噪声作业工人听力异常率为19.5％,打叶工序、复烤工序、出尘房岗位噪声强度较高,听力损害发生率高,听力损害发生率随着工龄增加而增高,各工龄组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接触烟草粉尘浓度高的作业工人肺部病变增多.结论 生产性粉尘和生产性噪声为该厂的主要职业病危害因素,并已对职工健康造成一定的损害;应改善作业环境,完善防护措施,加强职业卫生监督管理.     

连云港市硅产品生产和使用企业矽尘危害状况调查

目的了解连云港市生产和使用硅产品企业矽尘危害现状,分析不同岗位工人健康损害情况,探讨硅产品生产和使用企业矽肺病防治对策和建议。方法采用现场询问,调查员填写问卷的方法对连云港市生产和使用硅产品的6家企业的基本情况进行调查;收集1 005名矽尘作业工人的职业健康检查资料;收集矽尘危害企业和矽尘作业工人基本情况资料;对矽尘作业岗位粉尘浓度和游离二氧化硅含量进行测定。结果建材行业矽尘作业工人胸片异常率(87.6%)高于电子行业(3.6%);矽尘作业岗位总尘合格率为3.8%,呼吸性粉尘合格率为7.8%;职业健康检查胸片异常率为45.5%,肺功能异常率为32.3%,疑似尘肺病检出率为0.7%;矽尘作业场所中粉尘浓度较高的岗位有球磨、破碎、振动筛、称量、粉料包装、分拣、成品混合、拣砂、喷砂、装料、倒角等岗位,时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)超标倍数4.5的岗位工人胸片异常率明显高于CTWA超标倍数≤4.5组;疑似尘肺病患者所在岗位粉尘浓度及岗位CTWA高于其他接尘人员所在岗位。结论应重点加强硅产品生产企业矽尘危害防治工作,加强对重点岗位的粉尘治理和职业健康监护工作。     

十堰市某汽车制造企业主要职业病危害因素及职业健康现状

目的了解某汽车制造企业存在的主要职业病危害因素以及接触有害因素工人的健康状况。方法对某汽车制造企业进行作业场所职业卫生学调查并对职业病危害因素进行现场检测,对接触职业有害因素的在岗职工进行职业健康检查。结果该企业现场环境噪声的检测合格率为53.3%,接触噪声作业人员共721人,听力异常检出率37.2%,噪声作业人员听力受损检出率明显高于非噪声作业人员(P0.05),且噪声作业人员听力异常检出率随着工龄的延长而增加(P0.05);现场环境粉尘检测合格率87.5%,181名粉尘作业工人胸片检查未检出疑似尘肺病改变,肺功能异常检出率6.1%,与非粉尘作业工人肺功能异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);毒物检测合格率为100%,31名苯作业工人血常规检查未发现白细胞、血小板或中性细胞数降低。结论该企业目前最主要和最严重的职业危害因素是噪声,且噪声作业人员听力受损严重,应加强对噪声危害的控制和噪声作业人员的健康监护。     

深圳市主要行业职业性噪声危害状况的调查

目的了解深圳市企业生产性噪声的危害状况,为保护劳动者身体健康提供科学依据。方法对深圳市存在噪声危害的86家企业进行横断面流行病学调查,对作业场所中897个噪声作业点的生产性噪声强度进行检测,并对1625名噪声接触者和325名对照人群进行职业健康检查。结果噪声防护措施未能完全落实,作业点噪声强度检测合格率较低（59．2％）,职业健康检查观察组高频听力损伤、神经衰弱、语频听损的检出率均高于对照组,2组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,其中噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为32．9％,语频听力损失率为3．3％,且检出率随着接触时间增加而增加。结论深圳市企业生产性噪声分布广,强度大,预防、控制生产性噪声危害与提高职业性听力损伤的防治水平是深圳市当前和今后职业卫生工作的重点。     

Dust exposure,eye redness,eye cytology and mucous membrane irritation in a tobacco industry

In a study of 75 workers employed in a tobacco factory producing cheroots we measured cellular contents of tear fluid, redness of eyes, discomfort, total (0-5.7 mg/m3) and respirable dust in the breathing zone and total ambient dust by stationary sampling (0.08-1.0 mg/m3). A matched group of 50 office workers in a telephone company (total ambient dust concentration between 0.08-0.13 mg/m3) was similarly examined as referents. We found a difference between the two companies with regard to cell counts, with tobacco workers having the largest numbers except for lymphocytes. Among tobacco workers we furthermore found that the number of cuboidal and columnar epithelial cells increased during the day. The increase of cuboidal cells, however, occurred mainly in a small group of tobacco workers exposed to the highest concentrations of tobacco dust (mean = 1.26 mg/m3). No difference in the sensation of eye irritation was found between companies, but increased irritation in the morning was associated with increased exposure to total dust during the workshift among tobacco workers. A dose-dependent difference in photographically measured eye redness was found among the tobacco workers. It could not be explained by differences in tobacco smoking, sex, age, sleeping habits or use of glasses. Irritation of lips and upper airways as reported by questionnaire were more common in tobacco workers than in referents. In conclusion the tobacco workers, more often than the referents, had complaints and objective changes in the mucous membranes of the eyes. These may be related to tobacco dust exposure.     

某烟草企业2007～2011年职业病危害状况分析

目的了解某烟草企业职业病危害状况,为职业病防治提供科学依据。方法在现场调查的基础上,对该企业2007~2011年职业病危害因素监测结果和2010年职业健康检查情况进行分析。结果该企业主要存在烟草尘、噪声、放射源辐射等职业病危害,其中粉尘时间加权平均浓度为0.2~18.6 mg/m3,最大超限倍数为3.9~19.6;噪声8 h等效A声级为63.2~94.2 dB(A);在离放射源5 cm和100 cm周围的剂量当量率分别为0.30~8.50μGy/h和0.18~1.30μGy/h。结论该企业仍需进一步加强工作场所粉尘、噪声的治理和放射源安全管理,完善接害工人特别是农民工的职业健康检查工作。     

Dust exposure, eye redness, eye cytology and mucous membrane irritation in a tobacco industry

Summary In a study of 75 workers employed in a tobacco factory producing cheroots we measured cellular contents of tear fluid, redness of eyes, discomfort, total (0–5.7 mg/m³) and respirable dust in the breathing zone and total ambient dust by stationary sampling (0.08–1.0 mg/m³). A matched group of 50 office workers in a telephone company (total ambient dust concentration between 0.08–0.13 mg/m³) was similarly examined as referents. We found a difference between the two companies with regard to cell counts, with tobacco workers having the largest numbers except for lymphocytes. Among tobacco workers we furthermore found that the number of cuboidal and columnar epithelial cells increased during the day. The increase of cuboidal cells, however, occurred mainly in a small group of tobacco workers exposed to the highest concentrations of tobacco dust (mean =1.26 mg/m³). No difference in the sensation of eye irritation was found between companies, but increased irritation in the morning was associated with increased exposure to total dust during the work-shift among tobacco workers. A dose-dependent difference in photographically measured eye redness was found among the tobacco workers. It could not be explained by differences in tobacco smoking, sex, age, sleeping habits or use of glasses. Irritation of lips and upper airways as reported by questionnaire were more common in tobacco workers than in referents. In conclusion the tobacco workers, more often than the referents, had complaints and objective changes in the mucous membranes of the eyes. These may be related to tobacco dust exposure.     

The effect of occupational noxae in the tobacco industry on pulmonary function in exposed workers]

A study was carried out to determine respiratory hazards to workers in tobacco manufacture. The investigations at the workplace included analysis of the work technology and measurements of chemical pollutants and dust concentrations in the work rooms. Ventilatory lung function tests were performed in 95 workers exposed to tobacco dust and in 129 control workers. Results of workplace analysis showed the presence of tobacco dust levels exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. The values of some lung function tests for exposed workers non-smokers were significantly lower than for control workers non-smokers. They could be attributed to the effect of occupational noxae on the respiratory system.     

烟草作业环境中工人过敏性呼吸系统损害的调查

目的 调查分析烟草粉尘对接尘工人过敏性呼吸系统损害及其可能致病因素。方法 对某卷烟厂进行劳动卫生学调查和真菌污染状况调查,同时对130名接尘工人和112名对照工人进行呼吸系统症状询问调查、胸部X线检查、肺通气功能测定及黑根霉特异性IgE抗体水平的测定、黑根霉抗原皮肤点刺试验和鼻粘膜抗原激发试验。结果 卷烟厂各车间粉尘浓度超过国家标准,各个车间检测出8个种属的霉菌,其含量明显高于对照现场,其中主要为黑根霉和姻曲霉。接尘工人咳嗽、咯痰、胸闷、气短、鼻塞、流鼻涕等症状阳性率明显高于对照工人,肺通气功能指标异常率明显高于对照工人,并且11．4％的男性工人和11．7％的女性工人检出有过敏性鼻炎,4名男性工人(5．7％)X线检查发现肺部有点状阴影。黑根霉特异性IgE抗体试验阳性率高达31．2％,皮肤点刺试验阳性率达11．5％,鼻粘膜抗原激发试验阳性率为4．6％。结论 烟草作业现场中存在的霉菌和粉尘与接尘工人呼吸系统损害有关,真菌污染是导致接尘工人过敏性呼吸系统损害的原因之一。     

烟草粉尘对卷烟厂作业工人的肺脏损害

对蚌埠市卷烟行业接触烟草粉尘的２１６名生产工人进行了综合性调查和探讨。发现烟草粉尘可导致肺功能改变，并对肺脏有明显损害。经胸部摄片，诊断出烟草工人尘肺５例。通过１６０名卷烟工人的死因调查，死于呼吸系统疾病的居首位，占３７．５％，说明烟草尘是损害肺脏的有害粉尘。因此改进卷烟行业的工艺流程、加强通风防尘措施、定期对作业工人进行体格检查，是卷烟厂迫切需要解决的重要课题。     

Respiratory effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust

Few investigations of the respiratory effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust have been carried out and the threshold limit value has not well been established. A cross sectional survey on a sample of 223 male and female workers at a cigar and cigarette factory in Lucca (Tuscany) showed a significantly higher prevalence of wheezing, attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing, dyspnoea, and rhinitis than in a reference population. A trend towards a decrease in forced end expiratory flows according to smoking habit and work duration was evident. Positive skin prick tests were observed in 26% of men and 23% of women and were positively associated with duration of work and negatively with cigarette smoking. Thin interstitial space involvement was observed on chest x ray examination in almost half the female workers with more than 35 years exposure. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to tobacco dust may have negative health effects and that it is advisable to establish a threshold limit value for tobacco dust different from that of inert dust.     

Respiratory effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust.

Few investigations of the respiratory effects of occupational exposure to tobacco dust have been carried out and the threshold limit value has not well been established. A cross sectional survey on a sample of 223 male and female workers at a cigar and cigarette factory in Lucca (Tuscany) showed a significantly higher prevalence of wheezing, attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing, dyspnoea, and rhinitis than in a reference population. A trend towards a decrease in forced end expiratory flows according to smoking habit and work duration was evident. Positive skin prick tests were observed in 26% of men and 23% of women and were positively associated with duration of work and negatively with cigarette smoking. Thin interstitial space involvement was observed on chest x ray examination in almost half the female workers with more than 35 years exposure. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to tobacco dust may have negative health effects and that it is advisable to establish a threshold limit value for tobacco dust different from that of inert dust.     

Immunological and respiratory changes in tobacco workers

BACKGROUND: Tobacco workers develop respiratory changes following occupational exposure to tobacco dust. METHODS: This study investigated 102 tobacco workers as well as a group of 30 matched control workers. Immunological testing, symptom questionnaire, and lung function measurements were performed in all workers. RESULTS: Increased total IgE was found in 12.7% of tobacco workers but in none of the controls (P < 0.05). Increased specific IgE (tobacco allergen) was recorded in 26.7% of tobacco workers with positive skin tests to tobacco extract but in none of the controls (P < 0.05). Regression analysis of ventilatory tests in female tobacco workers indicated a significant association of FEF75 to employment and smoking among workers with positive skin tests to tobacco. There were, however, no other associations between positive immunologic findings and lung function abnormalities and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found increased immunological reactions in the tobacco workers. However, with the possible exception of lung function at low lung volume in female workers, these reactions do not appear to contribute significantly to the symptoms and lung function abnormalities seen in these workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:76-83, 2004.     

Respiratory disease and lung function in a tobacco industry

In a field study, 75 workers from a cheroot factory were compared with 50 reference workers from a large telephone company. Questionnaire responses revealed higher prevalences of cough and shortness of breath on exercise among the tobacco workers than controls. Cigarette smoking was the same in the two groups, but tobacco workers also smoked cheroots. Significantly decreased values (p less than .01) of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were found among tobacco workers compared to referents. After adjusting for number of cigarettes and cheroots smoked, there remained no significant differences. There was a suggestion (p less than .10) of decreased FEV1.0 among light or nonsmoking tobacco workers. When cigarette consumption only was considered, this difference was significant (p less than .01). Lung function values were not associated with the very low measured dust exposures. Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine, diurnal and weekly changes in FEV1.0, skin-prick tests with tobacco extracts, and precipitating serum antibodies to tobacco extracts and extracts of microorganisms were similar to that expected in a nonexposed population. Differences in lung function between the two groups may result from excess cheroot consumption and higher previous exposure to tobacco dust among the tobacco workers.