载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的总结和探讨脑血管造影和载瘤动脉闭塞在治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤上的作用及特点。方法60例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者,根据其脑血管造影的特点采取血管内介入方法[可脱式球囊和(或)弹簧圈]闭塞载瘤动脉近端53例、闭塞载瘤动脉两端后孤立动脉瘤7例;其中23例闭塞前先行颅内-外血管搭桥术。结果出院时Rankin评分分级:单纯血管内介入治疗组37例中轻残3例,合并颅内-外血管搭桥术组23例中死亡1例、重残2例。1-6年的影像学随访动脉瘤无复发。结论血管内介入结合颅内-外血管搭桥术闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法之一。     

血管内治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤(附40例报告)

目的探讨颅内巨大动脉瘤的血管内治疗方法，并对疗效进行评价。方法对40例颅内巨大动脉瘤行血管内治疗，其中33例行载瘤动脉闭塞术．5例行动脉瘤栓塞术，2例行颞浅-大脑中动脉搭桥术后闭塞载瘤动脉。结果载瘤动脉闭塞术后死亡3例，动脉瘤栓塞术后死亡1例．其余病人临床状况良好。临床随访28例，状况均良好；CT随访18例，示8例动脉瘤缩小或消失；造影随访15例．示9例动脉瘤不显影．3例瘤体缩小，2例载瘤动脉再通，1例栓塞后动脉瘤复发。结论对于手术罔难的颅内巨大动脉瘤，血管内治疗是一种安全、有效的方法。     

颅内外血管搭桥术对颅内动脉瘤的临床诊疗实效性评价

目的探究颅内外血管搭桥术对颅内动脉瘤的临床诊疗实效性。方法回顾性分析2013-10-2015-05在我院进行治疗的颅内动脉瘤18例患者的临床资料、手术方式、复查与随访结果,观察颅内外血管搭桥术的临床效果。结果 2例术后2h发生偏瘫,经检查其大隐静脉内有血栓出现,立即手术取栓,1个月后患者完全康复。2例行夹闭载瘤动脉时发生出血情况。余14例术后经过均顺利。随访中8例手术6个月后行血管超声复查,搭桥血管通畅。4例巨大动脉瘤患者术后2a复查发现动脉瘤明显减小。2例患者双侧颈内动脉海绵窦段巨大动脉瘤先行右侧颞浅动脉大脑中动脉搭桥并右侧颈内动脉球囊闭塞,在手术5a后进行复查,可见其主要通过搭桥血管进行供血。结论在对颅内动脉瘤患者进行治疗时,颅内外血管搭桥术效果良好,应在临床中推广使用。     

颅内外血管搭桥术治疗颅内巨大型动脉瘤

目的 报告采用动脉瘤夹闭联合颅内外血管搭桥术治疗6例颅内巨大型动脉瘤患者的临床经过,探讨手术适应证及治疗效果.方法 回顾分析6例颅内巨大型动脉瘤患者颅内外血管搭桥术前血流动力学状态、搭桥方式,以及临床和影像学转归.结果 6例患者中3例施行动脉瘤夹闭、切除(或载瘤动脉重建)联合颞浅动脉.大脑中动脉搭桥术,3例行动脉瘤夹闭、切除(或孤立)联合高流量搭桥术(颈外动脉.桡动脉,大隐静脉.大脑中动脉搭桥术).手术后平均随访17个月,近远期脑血管造影和CT血管造影检查显示,搭桥血管及吻合口血流通畅;临床症状与体征得到不同程度改善,随访期间无急性出血性或缺血性脑血管事件发生.3例行联合低流量搭桥术患者远期改良Rankin量表评分2例0分、1例2分;3例联合高流量搭桥术患者远期改良Rankin量表评分1例0分、2例1分.结论 对于脑血管重建术可能牺牲载瘤动脉或远端大脑中动脉血流的颅内复杂动脉瘤患者,可根据具体情况联合各种颅内外血管搭桥术使血流得到有效代偿.脑血管造影联合CT灌注成像对颅内巨大型动脉瘤远端组织灌注状态及侧支循环评价具有一定参考价值.     

颅内复杂动脉瘤搭桥孤立术疗效观察

目的 探讨颅内外血管吻合或搭桥联合动脉瘤孤立术治疗颅内巨大型复杂动脉瘤的术式选择及适应证.方法 回顾分析2008年2月-201 1年12月经脑血管造影术明确诊断的12例颅内巨大型动脉瘤患者术前评价方法 及手术治疗经过.结果 12例患者中颈内动脉系统巨大型动脉瘤6例(4例位于颈内动脉海绵窦段或床突段、2例位于颈内动脉交通段),大脑中动脉巨大型动脉瘤3例,后循环动脉瘤3例.其中7例术前MR灌注成像显示载瘤动脉远端组织存在明显缺血.选择行颞浅动脉.大脑中动脉低流量血管吻合术;5例载瘤动脉远端组织供血正常,且搭桥血管长度较长(≥15 cm)、术前球囊闭塞试验呈阴性、患侧压颈脑血管造影侧支循环充盈不良患者,行高流量颅内外血管搭桥术.11例术后神经功能缺损程度评价良好,改良Rankin量表评分0-3分;1例术后4分,3个月后改善至3分.结论 对于无法施行塑形夹闭术的颅内复杂巨大型动脉瘤患者,颅内外血管吻合或搭桥联合动脉瘤孤立术是其可选择的最后方法 ;而MR或CT灌注成像观察载瘤动脉远端组织供血正常与否.是选择不同流量血管吻合或搭桥术的关键.枕动脉、颞浅动脉或桡动脉为常用搭桥血管.     

闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内大、巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的对闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内大、巨大型动脉瘤效果进行评价。方法用可脱性球囊或弹簧圈闭塞近端载瘤动脉治疗27例颅内大、巨大动脉瘤。结果血管内闭塞近端载瘤动脉可使动脉瘤完全闭塞，神经受压和颅内占位症状逐步改善、消失。结论血管内闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内大、巨大型动脉瘤有效，安全的方法之一。     

颅内-外动脉搭桥在复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗中的运用

目的探讨颅内-外动脉搭桥术在复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗中的适用范围、手术方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析33例颅内-外搭桥术临床资料,搭桥后分别采用慢性阻断颈部颈内动脉、闭塞载瘤动脉或孤立动脉瘤等。结果术后血管造影或CTA示30例吻合血管通畅,1例吻合口狭窄伴血管痉挛,2例吻合口不通。29例通过阻断颈内动脉使动脉瘤不显影而达到治愈。29例治愈患者随访未见动脉瘤复发或破裂。结论采用颅内-外动脉搭桥术,结合急性或慢性闭塞颈内动脉,是复杂颈内动脉瘤治疗的一种有效途径。     

颅内巨大动脉瘤血管内载瘤动脉闭塞治疗的临床研究

目的探讨可脱性球囊闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的技术要点与并发症的防治。方法对32例颅内巨大动脉瘤采用可脱性球囊行载瘤动脉闭塞术．其中29例第1枚球囊同时闭塞了动脉瘤口。栓塞效果根据术中DSA的影像表现分为优、良、中和差4级。术后影像随访采取DSA与，^99Tc^m-ECD SPECT脑血流灌注显像。计数资料采用χ^2检验。结果疗效优26例，良6例；术后死亡1例，病死率0．3％。全组术中并发脑缺血和脑梗死5例，及时发现经处理后恢复正常，术后并发脑缺血和脑梗死6例。术中及术后均无动脉瘤破裂出血。^99Tc^m-ECD SPECT脑血流灌注显像对载瘤动脉闭塞术后脑缺血诊断的灵敏度和准确性明显高于DSA，两者比较均具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论可脱性球囊闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤安全可靠，但该疗法有可能导致脑缺血及其他并发症．应严格掌握适应证：^99Tc^m-ECD SPECT脑血流灌注显像在术后随访中具有重要的应用价值。     

血管内介入治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤

目的探讨血管内介入颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法回顾分析介入治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤7例的经验并文献检索分析。结果病情好转5例,恶化1例,短暂神经功能障碍1例,无死亡。复发2例,1例再次行动脉瘤栓塞后随访1年无复发。结论血管内介入塞治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤近期安全有效,根据动脉瘤部位及形态特点,可选择载瘤动脉闭塞,弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔,球囊支架辅助栓塞。远期复发率较高,应加强随访观察。     

经血管内介入治疗颅内大型动脉瘤(附29例分析)

目的探讨经血管内治疗颅内大型动脉瘤的方法、结果及安全性。方法采用血管内栓塞治疗颅内大型动脉瘤病人29例。动脉瘤直径15～25mm15例，〉25mm14例。22例为真性动脉瘤，其中Hunt—Hess分级Ⅰ级18例，Ⅱ级4例；行GDC栓塞12例，支架辅助GDC栓塞3例，GDC栓塞加Onyx栓塞1例，球囊闭塞载瘤动脉5例，在术前进行Matas训练过程中载瘤动脉自行闭塞1例。7例为假性动脉瘤．采用球囊加GDC栓塞载瘤动脉1例，覆膜支架置人1例，球囊闭塞载瘤动脉5例。本组行1次栓塞27例，2次栓塞1例。结果临床治愈23例，好转5例，死亡1例。术后随访3—36个月，存活28例均恢复良好，无再出血发生。行DSA复查9例，示动脉瘤完全不显影7例，复发2例（为80％栓塞病人），其中1例改行手术夹闭治疗，1例临床观察。无永久性并发症发生。结论单独或联合采用GDC、Onyx、微支架、覆膜支架及球囊等闭塞载瘤动脉．是治疗颅内大动脉瘤一种微创、安全、有效的方法。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。