山茱萸对糖尿病大鼠血清中过氧化脂质和过氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的：观察降糖中药山茱萸对四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠的高过氧化脂质和低过氧化物歧化酶的影响。方法：比较正常组与糖尿病模型组、糖尿病对照组、优降糖治疗组和山茱萸治疗组大鼠血清中过氧化脂质的终末代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。结果：糖尿病模型组血清中MDA显著高于正常组（P＜0．01），而SOD显著低于正常组（P＜0．01）；山茱萸组和优降糖组血清MDA皆分别显著低于糖尿病对照组（P＜0．01），而SOD活性分别高于糖尿病对照组（P＜0．01）；且山茱萸的作用效力与优降糖组无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：在实验剂量下，山茱萸除降血糖作用显著弱于优降糖外，其降低糖尿病大鼠的高过氧化脂质和提高糖尿病大鼠的低过氧化物歧化酶效力与优降糖无显著差别。     

姜黄素对溃疡性结肠炎脂质过氧化损伤大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨姜黄素对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用。方法采用三硝基苯磺酸（TNBS）灌肠制备大鼠UC模型，将动物随机分为正常对照组，三硝基苯磺酸组，三硝基苯磺酸＋生理盐水组，三硝基苯磺酸＋姜黄素组4组。观察各组大鼠肠道大体形态和组织学改变，分别测定血清和肠组织中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果结果显示UC大鼠SOD活性显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01），MDA含量显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；姜黄素治疗组的SOD活性显著高于UC组（P〈0．01），MDA含量显著低于UC组（P〈0．01）。病理学显示姜黄素治疗组有明显好转。结论姜黄素通过抑制脂质过氧化反应对UC有保护作用，抗氧化应激可能是其作用机制之一。     

沙苑子提取物对小鼠四氯化碳肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨沙苑子醇提物石油醚部位（LACE）和水溶液部位（WACE）对小鼠CCl4肝损伤的保护作用。方法 采用CCl4小鼠急性肝损伤模型，测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性、肝组织MDA含量，并观察肝组织病理变化。结果 0.1?l40.1mL/10g可使小鼠血清ALT，AST活性和肝组织MDA含量明显升高（P＜0.001）。沙苑子醇提物LACE和WACE（相当于生药5，15g/kg）均可使肝损伤小鼠的ALT和MDA显著降低（P＜0.001），WACE并能显著降低AST活性；病理镜检结果显示WACE能显著减轻肝细胞炎症反应和碎屑样坏死（P＜0.01）。结论 沙苑子提取物有显著的抗肝损伤作用，以WACE部位更明显，其作用机制可能与抗脂质过氧化有关。     

混合核苷酸对刀豆蛋白A所致肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨混合核苷酸对刀豆蛋白A（ConA）所致肝损伤的保护作用。方法 用ConA诱导小鼠肝损伤．用混合核苷酸灌胃治疗，3d后取血，检测血清ALT、AST活性和一氧化氮（NO）含量，检测肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量，并观察肝组织病理学变化。结果混合核苷酸大剂量组ALT、AST活性均明显低于模型组（P〈0.01），但与联苯双酯组比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；混合核苷酸大、中剂量组肝组织SOD活性明显升高、MDA含量显著降低，与模型组比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）；混合核苷酸大、中、小剂量组血清NO含量较模型组明显降低（P〈0.05）；混合核苷酸中剂量组肝组织病理改变明显减轻。结论 混合核苷酸对conA所致小鼠肝损伤具有较好的保护作用，其保肝机制与抗脂质过氧化损伤和抑制NO的产生密切相关。     

番茄红素对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 观察番茄红素对四氯化碳（CCl4）引起的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 将小鼠分为正常组、模型组、番茄红素组和阳性药联苯双酯组。番茄红素组和联苯双酯组分别用番茄红素和联苯双酯ig进行预给药干预,正常组和模型组以溶剂0.1%羧甲基纤维素钠ig,连续给药7 d后ip CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤。计算肝脏指数,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）以及肝组织中的超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的水平,并观察肝组织HE染色切片的病理变化。结果 番茄红素能显著降低急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性;升高肝组织匀浆中SOD活力,降低MDA含量和LDH活性;病理切片表明给药组小鼠肝损伤均减轻。结论 番茄红素对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与番茄红素所具有抗脂质过氧化和清除体内过多的氧自由基的作用有关。     

蜂胶对慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的探讨蜂胶对慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组、蜂胶组各10只。对照组用生理盐水灌胃,模型组用56％红星二锅头灌胃,蜂胶组在模型组的基础上同时给予蜂胶1．0g·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,共12w。12w后处死大鼠,测定大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）和肝组织超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的活性。结果（1）血清ALT、AST水平：模型组的AST、ALT水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,蜂胶组的AST、ALT水平显著低于模型组（P〈0．05）;（2）肝组织SOD、MDA水平：模型组SOD活性较对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）,蜂胶组SOD活性较模型组显著升高（P〈0．05）;模型组肝组织MDA含量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,蜂胶组MDA含量显著低于模型组（P〈0．05）。结论蜂胶能通过增强肝组织清除氧自由基的能力,降低肝组织脂质过氧化反应而对慢性酒精性肝损伤产生保护作用。     

天麻素对CCl4诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

【目的】观察天麻素对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用，探讨其可能的作用机制。【方法】采用CCl4致肝损伤模型，测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性，以及肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的活性，通过组间差别来研究天麻素的肝保护佣。【结果】天麻素能显著降低小鼠血清AST、ALT的活性（P〈0．05）；降低小鼠肝组织中MDA含量（P〈0．05），提高肝组织NO的含量和SOD、iNOS的活性（P〈0．05）。【结论】天麻素对造成的肝损伤具有保护作用，其作用机制可能与抗脂质过氧化，以及提高肝组织NO含量和iNOS活性有关。     

白藜芦醇对卡介苗和脂多糖所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究白藜芦醇对卡介苗和脂多糖所致小鼠性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 60只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、白藜芦醇大、中、小剂量给药组、阳性对照组等6个组。白藜芦醇给药组按30mg／kg、15mg／kg、7．5mg／kg剂量，阳性对照组以联苯双酯150mg／kg灌胃，正常组、模型组以等体积生理盐水灌胃，共10d。模型组和给药组尾iv注射卡介苗和脂多糖，正常组尾iv等体积生理盐水。尾iv脂多糖16h后，摘眼球取血，用比色分析法测定小鼠血清门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）的活性，血清、组织匀浆超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果 白藜芦醇显著降低卡介苗和脂多糖所致急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT的水平，可明显升高肝组织SOD活性和血清NO含量，降低肝组织MDA含量。结论 白藜芦醉对卡介苗扣脂多糖所致小鼠急性肝损伤有较好的保护作用。     

枳黄方对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝、胃脂质过氧化水平和血清ALT活性的影响

目的：探讨枳黄方（ZHF）防治酒精性肝损伤的机制.方法：通过ZHF保护性试验和ZHF治疗性试验,记录大鼠醉酒时间,采用分光光度法和血清生化法检测肝组织和胃黏膜超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）水平,以及血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）的活性.结果：在ZHF保护性试验中,ZHF能缩短大鼠醉酒时间（P〈0.05）,显著降低肝脏和胃黏膜MDA含量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,显著提高肝脏和胃黏膜中SOD活力（P〈0.01）,使酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清中ALT活性显著降低（P〈0.01）.在ZHF治疗性试验中,ZHF对大鼠醉酒时间无影响,但使大鼠肝脏MDA含量和血清ALT含量显著下降（P〈0.01）,显著提高肝脏SOD活力（P〈0.01）.结论：ZHF能对抗酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化,保护肝功能.ZHF保护性用药可防治酒精性肝损伤.     

SOD富硒枸杞拮抗烹调油烟冷凝物致小鼠脂质过氧化作用的研究

目的：探讨胡麻油烟冷凝物对小鼠脂质过氧化及SOD富硒枸杞抗氧化作用。方法：采用胡麻油烟冷凝物灌胃染毒小鼠,同时给予SOD富硒枸杞提取液,连续20d,观察血浆SOD活性及MDA量变化。结果：胡麻油烟冷凝物三个染毒组SOD活性显著低于阴性对照组（P＜0．01）,MDA含量明显高于阴性对照组（P＜0．01）。同时给予SOD富硒枸杞提取液后,SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低。结论：胡麻油烟冷凝物可引起SOD活性下降和脂质过氧化,SOD富硒枸杞对胡麻油烟冷凝物所致的脂质过氧化具有一定的抑制作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.