复发性流产夫妇的染色体结构异常分析

目的:探讨复发性流产与染色体结构异常的关系。方法:对有复发性自然流产史的112对夫妇进行外周血染色体核型分析。结果:112对夫妇中有20例染色体核型异常,异常检出率8.9％。其中平衡易位4例,复杂易位1例,臂间倒位8例,Y染色体变异6例,占2.7％;常染色体变异1例。结论:复发性流产夫妇任何一方的染色体结构异常均可引起流产等不良妊娠,9号染色体倒位和Y染色体变异与早期流产的关系密切。     

309对早期自然流产夫妇的染色体分析——附4例世界首报核型

目的 :分析早期自然流产与染色体异常核型的关系。方法 :检测 30 9对早期自然流产夫妇双方的外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型。结果 :早期自然流产夫妇中异常核型检出率明显高于普通人群 ,总检出率为 6 .95 %。染色体异常 2 0例 :其中平衡易位 18例 (4例为世界首报核型 ) ,增加额外小染色体 2例 ;染色体异态 2 3例 :9号染色体臂间倒位 7例 ,D、G组随体变异 2例 ,9、16号次缢痕异染色质区变异 2例 ,Y染色体异态 12例。结论 :染色体异常和异态是导致早期自然流产的重要原因之一 ,对早期自然流产夫妇进行染色体检查是必要的 ,可以寻找流产原因 ,为优生优育提供依据     

染色体核型分析联合染色体微阵列分析在平衡易位/倒位携带者产前诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨染色体核型分析与染色体微阵列分析（chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA）技术在染色体平衡易位/倒位携带者产前诊断中的应用价值。方法:本研究为回顾性研究。纳入既往因自然流产（≥2次）、死胎、胎儿多发畸形或染色体异常患儿生育史,夫妇双方行外周血染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交检测确诊...     

染色体异常与自然流产

染色体异常是自然流产的常见原因,包括夫妇染色体异常和胚胎染色体异常。其中夫妇染色体异常涉及结构异常,如相互易位、罗氏易位、倒位等;数目异常,如特纳综合征、克氏综合征等。胚胎染色体异常以非整倍体为主。文章将对染色体异常与自然流产的相关研究进展予以阐述。     

染色体异常与自然流产

染色体异常是自然流产的常见原因,包括夫妇染色体异常和胚胎染色体异常。其中夫妇染色体异常涉及结构异常,如相互易位、罗氏易位、倒位等;数目异常,如特纳综合征、克氏综合征等。胚胎染色体异常以非整倍体为主。文章将对染色体异常与自然流产的相关研究进展予以阐述。     

FISH快速检测自然流产绒毛染色体非整倍体异常的临床价值

目的:探讨应用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对早期自然流产绒毛染色体非整倍体检测的临床价值。方法:对30例因自然流产行清宫术的绒毛组织行FISH分析,使用7种探针对13、16、18、21、22号和X、Y染色体进行了检测,并对这30例流产夫妇行外周血淋巴细胞染色体常规核型分析。结果:FISH分析的30例自然流产的绒毛组织中,有17例检测出了异常信号,检出率为57%,其中8例16-三体、2例22-三体、2例13-三体和5例三倍体。30例自然流产夫妇外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型未见异常。结论:FISH技术可以快速、简便地检测出流产物绒毛组织染色体非整倍体的异常,FISH技术的应用可以为自然流产夫妇遗传咨询提供重要的信息。     

连续多发性流产夫妇的高分辨染色体研究——附6例世界首报异常核型

选择407对连续流产2-8次的夫妇进行染色体G显带分析,发现异常核型23例。407对夫妇中,采用高分辨技术精细定位46例,发现的15例异常核型中有6例鉴定为世界首报,对其中4例进行了绒毛染色体检查,均发现与父(母)相同的异常核型,说明非同源染色体相互易位和倒位携带者的后代必须接受宫内诊断,智力低下或生育力降低可能与易位染色体有关。     

反复流产夫妇平衡易位异常核型五例分析

复发性自然流产(recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA)是指一对夫妇发生两次或两次以上的自然流产,其病因复杂,而染色体异常是导致妊娠妇女反复流产的重要原因之一[1]。由于目前尚无有效办法治疗染色体异常导致的疾病,因此,对RSA夫妇进行染色体核型分析显得尤为重要。本研究以RSA夫妇为观察对象,经细胞遗传学检查,发现5例国内外首报的人类染色体异常核型,通过分析这5例患者及其家系的孕产史,并结合染色体核型的分析,探讨染色体异常与RSA的关系。     

罕见染色体复杂易位伴不良孕育史四例

目的探讨伴不良孕育史的罕见染色体复杂易位患者流产的病因,为患者孕育提供建议。方法回顾2013年5月至2015年5月广东省深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院妇产科收治的发生自然流产患者的资料,检测其夫妇双方的染色体核型,并进行家系分析。结果4例患者均有自然流产病史,且夫妇一方确诊为染色体复杂易位。结论有复发性流产史或家族史的育龄夫妇,再生育前应行夫妻双方细胞遗传学检查。     

拷贝数变异测序技术在流产或引产胎儿亲代染色体易位辅助检测中的应用

目的探讨拷贝数变异测序(CNV-seq)技术在辅助诊断流产或引产胎儿父母染色体易位中的应用价值。方法应用CNV-seq技术对2 214例流产或引产胎儿组织样本进行检测, 依据胎儿检测结果推测其父母的染色体核型, 并通过G显带染色体核型分析、荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对胎儿父母染色体易位进行诊断及定位。结果 2 214例胎儿组织样本中, CNV-seq检测全部成功;共检测到染色体非整倍体和致病性拷贝数变异(CNV)等染色体畸变共1 128例(50.95%, 1 128/2 214), 包括D和G组染色体数目异常312例以及CNV涉及两条染色体末端46例。胎儿父母外周血G显带染色体核型分析显示, 胎儿父母之一为罗伯逊易位和相互易位的比率分别为3.6%(6/167)和60.5%(23/38)。结论胎儿染色体畸变是不良妊娠结局的重要原因。CNV-seq技术具有检测通量高、分辨率高等技术优势, 在明确遗传学病因的同时可辅助诊断胎儿父母染色体易位, 对避免染色体结构异常所致反复妊娠失败具有重要意义。     

Pregnancy outcomes of reciprocal translocation carriers who have a history of repeated pregnancy loss

Cytogenetic investigation of 2,324 Japanese couples with repeated pregnancy loss revealed that 4.91% of couples (n = 114) had chromosome abnormalities including reciprocal translocation (n = 74), Robertsonian translocation (n = 23), and inversion (n = 10). Parental reciprocal translocation was a significant predictor of subsequent miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio: 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-7.1), and most of the miscarriages of the carrier couples were inevitable because of abnormal karyotypes, despite appropriate treatments.     

Genetic factors of recurrent abortions

A review of main genetic factors involved in pathogenesis of recurrent abortion is presented. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in spontaneous abortions and the role of parental abnormalities of karyotype is pointed out, also in relation to many recent studies. The result of 354 karyotypes performed on couples with spontaneous abortion are presented; the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities resulted 4.2%, with 73% of translocations, either reciprocal (40%) or robertsonian (33%), and 27% of inversions. The low number of minor abnormalities (0.8%) seems to confirm their poor clinical significance.     

1437例早孕期自然流产胚胎核型分析

目的:分析早孕期自然流产胚胎的异常核型的发生率。方法:对自然流产刮宫术后取得的胚胎绒毛细胞进行体外培养,G显带核型分析,统计异常核型的分布情况。结果:共收集到1 437例标本,患者平均年龄31.2±4.4岁,平均妊娠时间66.5±14.1 d。培养成功1 390例(96.73%),失败47例(3.27%)。正常核型595例(42.81%);异常核型795例(57.20%),其中非整倍体571例(71.82%)。前5位非整倍体排序为:16-三体(21.54%);22-三体(15.41%);45,X(14.01%);15-三体(4.38%);13-三体(4.20%)。染色体结构异常(包括不平衡易位、罗氏不平衡、缺失、插入、倒位、标记染色体等)比例较低,占自然流产总量的3.52%,占异常核型的6.16%。按患者年龄分为35岁组和≥35岁组,异常核型检出率分别为55.30%和63.69%,组间有统计学差异(P=0.008);非整倍体率分别为68.74%和81.00%,组间有统计学差异(P=0.001)。而嵌合体、三倍体、四倍体发生率无统计学差异。染色体结构异常发生率35岁组为8.07%,显著高于≥35岁组(0.50%)(P0.001)。第1次、第2次及≥3次自然流产异常核型发生率分别为61.64%、55.44%、52.62%,组间有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:胚胎核型异常是早孕期自然流产的主要原因,非整倍体是主要异常核型。高龄孕妇异常核型与非整倍体发生率增高,染色体结构异常发生率降低。随自然流产次数增加,胎儿异常核型比例呈下降趋势;这说明流产次数本身是自然流产的风险之一。     

Chromosomal analysis in Japanese couples with repeated spontaneous abortions

Balanced chromosome rearrangements have been found at an increased frequency in couples with pregnancy wastage, especially recurrent spontaneous abortions, compared with the general population. In the present study, chromosomal analysis of peripheral blood cells, as one of the routine examinations of patients with repeated reproductive wastage, was performed on both partners of 639 Japanese couples. Among the 639 couples, 32 major chromosomal anomalies (5.0%) and 23 minor chromosomal variants (3.6%) were found. Both partners of one couple had an abnormal karyotype. The 32 major anomalies consisted of 19 reciprocal translocations, 9 Robertsonian translocations, one large inversion, two triple-X females, and one Turner mosaicism. The 23 minor variants included 15 cases of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9. The total number of pregnancies in the 54 couples with chromosomal anomalies was 181, but they resulted in only 18 normal liveborn neonates, indicating a 90.1% abortion rate. The present statistical study indicates that major chromosomal anomalies seem to be involved in repeated reproductive wastage.     

产前诊断指征在胎儿染色体异常诊断中的价值探讨

目的:探讨产前诊断指征在胎儿染色体异常诊断中的价值及其对妊娠结局的指导意义.方法:对439例有产前诊断指征的孕妇,在超声引导下经腹羊膜腔穿刺抽取羊水检查染色体核型,比较不同产前诊断指征的胎儿染色体异常检出率,分析各组染色体异常类型与妊娠结局的关系.结果:①胎儿染色体异常检出15例,总的异常检出率3.42%.夫妇平衡易位组胎儿染色体异常检出率最高为66.67%,与高龄组、唐氏高危组、不良孕产史(夫妇染色体检查正常)组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而高龄组、唐氏高危组、不良孕产史组和超声检查异常组的胎儿染色体异常检出率分别为5.22%、2.28%、1.54%、16.67%、,组间两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).②15例染色体异常中.高龄组占40.00%,唐氏高危组占33.33%.染色体数目异常6例,5例行孕中期引产;结构异常7例,1例行孕中期引产,1例流产;嵌合体2例均行孕中期引产;余6例足月分娩.结论:对具有产前诊断指征的孕妇进行羊水细胞培养及染色体核型分析,不仅能及时发现胎儿染色体异常,为孕妇是否继续妊娠提供科学依据,而且有利于降低出生缺陷发生率.     

不同年龄和流产次数的复发性流产患者绒毛染色体核型分析

目的:了解复发性自然流产胚胎染色体异常发生情况。方法:2008年1月至2011年12月,在我院诊治并成功行绒毛染色体核型分析的自然流产患者235例,根据自然流产次数分为复发性流产组(125例)和偶发性流产组(110例)。比较两组绒毛染色体异常发生率和类型的差异,不同流产次数的胚胎染色体异常发生情况,以及不同年龄患者绒毛染色体异常的发生情况。结果:复发性流产组,绒毛染色体异常发生率显著低于偶发性自然流产组(47.2%vs 70.9%,P<0.05)。复发性流产组中三体占异常染色体的66.1%(39/59),显著高于偶发性流产组(44.8%,35/78)(P<0.05)。随着自然流产次数的增加,绒毛染色体异常发生率降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.266,P=0.004)。复发性流产组中,年龄≥35岁者的绒毛染色体异常发生率明显高于年龄<35岁者(60.9%vs39.2%,P<0.05)。偶发性自然流产组中,年龄≥35岁者的绒毛染色体异常发生率亦明显高于年龄<35岁者(88.9%vs 62.2%,P<0.05)。结论:胚胎染色体异常是引起复发性流产的一个重要原因,随着流产次数的增加,流产胚胎染色体异常的发生率降低。无论是复发性流产还是偶发性流产,高龄均是引起胚胎染色体异常的高危因素。     

Poor prognosis of recurrent aborters with either maternal or paternal reciprocal translocations

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the miscarriage rate in recurrent miscarriage patients with an abnormal karyotype, especially reciprocal translocations, in either partner is worse than without an abnormal karyotype. DESIGN: Retrospectively analyzed prospectively obtained database. SETTING: Nagoya City University Hospital. PATIENT(S): One thousand and two hundred eighty-four couples with a history of 2 or more (2 to 12) consecutive first-trimester miscarriages. INTERVENTION(S): Patients with antiphospholipid antibodies were treated with low-dose aspirin and combined therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Subsequent miscarriages were compared for cases with and without an abnormal karyotype in either partner. A karyotype analysis was also conducted for each aborted conceptus and offspring of 95 pregnancies of 47 patients with reciprocal translocations. RESULT(S): Of the total of 1,284 couples, 58 (4.5%) had translocations, 11 being Robertsonian translocations. Eleven of the 18 cases (61.1%) where the husband had a reciprocal translocation suffered further miscarriage; this also was the case for 21 of the 29 cases (72.4%) where the wives had a reciprocal translocation. Those with reciprocal translocations in either partner miscarried significantly more frequently than those without an abnormal karyotype. Only one infant with an unbalanced translocation was found in 34 cases of successful pregnancy following habitual abortion. CONCLUSION(S): The pregnancy prognosis with either maternal or paternal reciprocal translocations is poorer than without them. The presence of a reciprocal translocation is thus a risk factor in couples who have recurrent miscarriages.     

Recurrent pregnancy losses and parental chromosome abnormalities: a review

Summary. A compilation of the cytogenetic results taken from 79 published surveys of couples with two or more pregnancy losses (comprising 8208 women and 7834 men) showed an overall prevalence of major chromosome abnormalities of 2.9%. This is five to six times higher than that of the general adult population. In every group of chromosome abnormalities in the parents a predominance of female to male affected was noted (2:1). Approximately 50% of all chromosome abnormalities detected were balanced reciprocal translocations, 24% were Robertsonian translocations, 12% were sex chromosomal mosaicisms in females, and the rest consisted of inversions and other sporadic abnormalities. Parents with two or more idiopathic pregnancy losses should be karyotyped to aid in management and counselling. When a translocation or other abnormality (e.g. X chromosomal mosaicism) predisposing to an abnormal zygote is found, prenatal diagnosis is indicated in future pregnancies. Even when parental karyotypes are normal, prenatal diagnosis should be considered in subsequent pregnancies of parents with two or more pregnancy losses because of the high incidence of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions. For the same reason, if a single previous pregnancy loss is known to have been chromosomally aneuploid, parental karyotypes may have to be examined (depending upon the finding in the pregnancy loss), and prenatal diagnosis should also be considered in subsequent pregnancies.     

Recurrent pregnancy losses and parental chromosome abnormalities: a review

A compilation of the cytogenetic results taken from 79 published surveys of couples with two or more pregnancy losses (comprising 8208 women and 7834 men) showed an overall prevalence of major chromosome abnormalities of 2.9%. This is five to six times higher than that of the general adult population. In every group of chromosome abnormalities in the parents a predominance of female to male affected was noted (2:1). Approximately 50% of all chromosome abnormalities detected were balanced reciprocal translocations, 24% were Robertsonian translocations, 12% were sex chromosomal mosaicisms in females, and the rest consisted of inversions and other sporadic abnormalities. Parents with two or more idiopathic pregnancy losses should be karyotyped to aid in management and counselling. When a translocation or other abnormality (e.g. X chromosomal mosaicism) predisposing to an abnormal zygote is found, prenatal diagnosis is indicated in future pregnancies. Even when parental karyotypes are normal, prenatal diagnosis should be considered in subsequent pregnancies of parents with two or more pregnancy losses because of the high incidence of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions. For the same reason, if a single previous pregnancy loss is known to have been chromosomally aneuploid, parental karyotypes may have to be examined (depending upon the finding in the pregnancy loss), and prenatal diagnosis should also be considered in subsequent pregnancies.