恶性胆道梗阻的MRI及MRCP诊断

目的评价MRI及磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）对恶性胆道梗阻的诊断价值。方法 对23例经临床、B超、CT诊断为胆道梗阻患者进行MRCP及MRI检查,结合手术病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果 MRI和MRCP对恶性胆道梗阻的诊断准确率为95％。MRCP主要在整体上显示胆道,高位胆道梗阻的肝内胆管呈树枝样和腊肠样扩张,低位胆道梗阻的胆总管末端大多呈截断状、杯口状或锥状。结论 MRI及MRCP诊断恶性胆道梗阻准确率高,可以作为不能进行ERCP时的替代检查方法或筛选用。     

ERCP联合血清肿瘤标志物测定对胰胆管疾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)联合血清肿瘤标志物测定对胰胆管疾病的诊断价值。方法:选择在进行ERCP检查基础上,同时进行血清肿瘤标志物的测定,选取明确诊断胰胆管疾病患者400例,并将其分为良性病变组(200例)和恶性病变组(200例)。比较两组患者在血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)两种肿瘤标志物的差异,同时也比较B超、MRCP、ERCP以及ERCP联合血清肿瘤标志物四种诊断方法对可疑胰胆管疾病的诊断价值。结果:血清CEA在良性病变组与恶性病变组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而但恶性组患者的血清CA19-9平均值明显高于良性组(P<0.05)。另外,B超、MRCP、ERCP以及ERCP联合血清肿瘤标志物CA19-9四种诊断方法对可疑胰胆管疾病诊断准确率分别为8.0%(良性:5.0%;恶性:11.0%)、38.0%(良性:30.0%;恶性:46.0%)、42.0%(良性:39.0%;恶性:50.0%)和76.0%(良性:75.0%;恶性:77.0%)。ERCP联合血清肿瘤标志物具有更高的诊断准确率。结论:ERCP联合血清肿瘤标志物对可疑胰胆管疾病具有更准确的诊断价值。     

ERCP联合MRI在诊断胰胆管疾病中临床价值

目的探讨ERCP联合MRI在诊断胰胆管疾病中的临床价值。方法选取我院2015年1月-2016年1月期间收治的90例胰胆管疾病患者,均行ERCP与MRI检查,所有患者经过手术、活检及病理证实为胆总管结石45例、胰腺癌20例、胆管癌并梗阻12例、慢性胰腺炎8例、胆道蛔虫感染5例,临床表现为黄疸、反复上腹部疼痛、恶心呕吐。结果 ERCP对胆总管结石、胰腺癌、胆管癌并梗阻、慢性胰腺炎、胆道蛔虫感染诊断准确率依次为95.56%、100%、75.00%、87.50%、100%,MRI诊断准确率依次为86.67%、85.00%、75.00%、87.50%、80.00%,ERCP对胰胆管疾病的诊断准确率略高于MRI诊断准确率,但比较无统计学意义(P0.05);ERCP与MRI胰胆管疾病的影像特征表现不同。结论 ERCP与MRI对诊断诊断胰胆管疾病有较高的一致性,二者联合应用可大大提高诊断疾病准确率,并可根据影像特点互补诊断。     

MRI动态增强扫描联合磁共振胰胆管造影对胆道梗阻疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI动态增强扫描联合磁共振胰胆管造影在胆道梗阻疾病诊断中的价值.方法 来我院进行诊治并采用MRI动态增强扫描联合磁共振胰胆管造影检查的梗阻性黄疸患者48例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 48例患者经MRI动态增强扫描联合磁共振胰胆管造影检查发现并经手术病理证实为良性梗阻者31例、恶性梗阻者17例.结论 MRI动态增强扫描联合磁共振胰胆管造影具有较高的安全性及准确率,在胆道梗阻疾病的早期诊断、鉴别诊断及明确病变浸润范围方面有重要的临床意义.     

CT与逆行胰胆管造影诊断低位梗阻性黄疸对照分析

目的：通过分析低位梗阻性黄疸的CT和逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）表现,以提高对该病的诊断准确率。方法：回顾性分析了经手术、病理或随访证实的梗阻性黄疸病例的CT（16例）及ERCP（28例）表现。结果：良性梗阻一般表现为胆总管扩张较轻,肝内胆管呈枯枝状,胆总管由上而下逐渐变细,CT上显示为胆总管下端等或高密度结石影,ERCP表现为胆总管下端充缺;恶性者则一般表现为胆管中-重度扩张,肝内胆管呈软藤状扩张,CT显示为扩张的胆管由上而下突然狭窄、巾断,ERCP则显示为胆总管下端偏心性、向心性狭窄或截断状改变。结论：CT和ERCP均能对梗阻性黄疽作出较准确的定位及定性诊断,而两者联合运用,能提高术前诊断准确率。     

超声在胆总管结石诊断中的临床应用价值分析

目的：分析超声诊断胆总管结石的应用价值。方法：选择86例胆总管结石患者,给予超声检查,与逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石结果进行对比分析。结果：86例胆总管结石患者均给予ERCP取石证实,梗阻性结石68例(79.1%),非梗阻性结石18例(20.9%),术前经超声证实为结石患者81例,检出率为94.2%,漏诊5例,漏诊率为5.8%。定位诊断：超声检查结果胆总管上段结石患者60例,胰腺段16例,壶腹段5例,ERCP证实胆总管上段结石患者57例,胰腺段20例,壶腹段9例。超声定位诊断与ERCP检查符合75例,符合率为87.2%。结论：超声检查对胆总管结石定位诊断具有较高的准确率,临床应用价值高,可作为进行ERCP取石术前常规检查。     

MRCP对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对梗阻性黄疸疾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术或ERCP病理证实的梗阻性黄疸患者资料119例。该119例梗阻性黄疸患者用西门子1．5T超导型磁共振成像仪行常规MRI及MRCP检查。常规MRI包括轴位T1WI、T2WI及T2trufi冠状位扫描;MRCP检查包括3DMRCP和二维厚块MRCP检查。结果良性病变98例,其中胆系结石80例,胆管炎性狭窄12例,胆总管蛔虫4例,胆总管囊肿2例。恶性病变21例,其q1胆管癌11例,壶腹癌3例,胰头癌7例。MRCP能清晰地显示正常胰胆管树结构,能直观地显示胰胆管扩张和梗阻的部位、形态、范围,对梗阻性胆道疾病的定位诊断准确率为100％。定性诊断准确率为94％。结论MRCP对梗阻性黄疸定位、定性诊断准确,特别是对结石的诊断,能清楚地显示梗阻部位、原因、病变形态、病变与周围结构的关系及周围病变性质,为临床手术方案提供可靠依据。     

CT、MRI、MRCP在低位胆管梗阻性黄疸病变诊断中的价值

目的通过分析低位胆管梗阻性黄疸病变的CT、MRI及磁共振胰胆管造影术（MRCP）的影像表现，以期提高对该病的诊断价值。方法分析52例经病理诊断确诊的低位梗阻性病变的CT、MRI及MRCP表现。结果良性梗阻性病变CT的诊断准确率77％，MRI及MRCP为54％；恶性梗阻性病变CT的诊断准确率为58％，MRI及MRCP为84％。结论CT具有良好的密度对比度，是诊断良性病变如结石等所致低位胆管梗阻性病变的重要方法。MRI不仅具有良好的软组织对比度，并且具有多技术手段、多层面的成像优势，结合MRCP能直观显示低位胆管梗阻性病变的位置、形态，更有利于恶性病变的确定。     

自然谐波成像与其他影像学检查诊断胆总管病变对比分析

目的：探讨US-THI对胆总管中下段病变的诊断价值,对比MRCP、ERCP与PTC检查的优劣性。方法：回顾性分析用彩色超声诊断仪的自然谐波成像技术（THI）检查的50例胆道梗阻病例,并比较MRCP、ERCP、PTC等相关检查的诊断准确率。结果：US-THI对胆总管中下段病变的诊断,经手术病理证实,准确率为94.0%,其中49例行MRCP检查,准确率为93.9%,38例行ERCP检查,准确率为92.1%,9例行PTC检查,准确率为88.9%。结论：US-THI以其无创伤性,可重复性,可动态观察的特点,是胆总管中下段病变的首选检查方法。     

ERCP、MRI、螺旋CT对胰胆管疾病诊断分析

目的比较ERCP、CT、MRI对胰胆管疾病的诊断准确性。方法85例临床表现为黄疸，反复上腹部疼痛，恶心呕吐者均行ERCP、CT及MRI检查。本组经过手术，活检，病理证实为胆总管结石44例。20例为胰腺癌，10例胆管癌，7例为慢性胰腺炎，4例胆道蛔虫。结果胆总管结石诊断准确率ERCP97．7％．CT90％，MR146％；胰腺癌ERCP100％，CT90％，MRI93％；胆管癌ERCP80％，CT90％，MR160％；慢性胰腺炎ERCP85％，CT100％，MRI71％；胆道蛔虫ERCP100％，CT75％，MRI无病例。结论ERCP对胰胆管病变诊断准确率较高，是可靠的诊断手段。CT对恶性肿瘤定性诊断准确率也较高，且无创伤。MRI对梗阻型确诊率较高，且可观察周围组织情况有无创伤。所以，三种检查方法可以进行互补。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.