血清瘦素对全髋关节置换术后假体稳定性影响的临床研究

目的 探讨血清瘦素对全髋关节置换术后假体稳定性的影响。方法 本研究分析2013年1月至2014年1月我院收治的全髋关节置换术病人165例资料，男103例，女62例，年龄为49~75岁，平均（64.28±6.12）岁。左髋关节置换88例，右髋关节置换77例。术前髋关节Harris功能评分（Harris评分）为27~52分，平均（42.18±4.48）分。身体质量指数为19.83~32.37 kg/m²，平均（24.73±2.74） kg/m²。其中，23例合并糖尿病，12例合并高血压病，28例合并高脂血症。根据术后3年内是否出现假体松动，将病人分为松动组（假体松动，11例）、稳定组（假体稳定，154例）。观察血清瘦素、假体周围骨密度、假体松动率、年龄、性别、身体质量指数、Harris评分等。比较发生与未发生假体松动的病人间术前血清瘦素、假体周围骨密度的情况，分析血清瘦素与全髋关节置换术病人临床特征，并探讨血清瘦素与假体周围骨密度的线性相关性。结果 术后第3年，松动组病人ROI 1区骨密度为（0.69±0.14） g/cm³，低于稳定组的（0.78±0.12） g/cm³；ROI 3区骨密度为（1.46±0.22） g/cm³，低于稳定组的（1.62±0.25） g/cm³；ROI 6区骨密度为（1.20±0.21） g/cm³，低于稳定组的（1.40±0.26） g/cm³；以上几组数据比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。两组病人其他4个ROI区骨密度比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。松动组病人术前血清瘦素为（6.81±1.42） μg/L低于稳定组的（8.45±2.18） μg/L，差异有统计学意义（t=2.448，P=0.015）。术前年龄≥65岁的病人血清瘦素为（8.51±2.13） μg/L，与＜65岁的（8.17±2.22） μg/L比较；男性血清瘦素为（8.34±2.17） μg/L，与女性的（8.33±2.19） μg/L比较，以上差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。身体质量指数＞25 kg/m²的病人血清瘦素为（7.98±2.15） μg/L，与≤25 kg/m²的（8.65±2.16） μg/L比较；术后Harris评分≥80分的病人血清瘦素为（8.09±1.61） μg/L，与＜80分的（7.09±1.52） μg/L比较，以上差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。术前血清瘦素与术后3年时ROI 1区和ROI 6区骨密度显著正相关（r=0.167，P=0.032；r=0.212，P=0.006）。结论 血清瘦素水平降低与全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨密度降低相关，并会导致假体松动的发生。     

组配式假体在Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨应用组配式假体行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）治疗CroweⅠ、Ⅱ型发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip, DDH）的短期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年10月至2017年10月,中国人民解放军总医院骨关节科收治的40例单侧Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型DDH病人的临床资料,其中男5例,女35例;年龄为（36.90±10.30）岁（19~51岁）,股骨选用组配式假体,全部纳入组配式假体组。另选择既往40例术前设计采用普通锥形假体的单侧Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型DDH病人作为对照组。比较两组病人的基本信息,术中及术后并发症发生情况,术前及术后6个月髋关节Harris功能评分,术后双下肢长度及偏心距差异等指标。结果 组配式假体组与对照组病人的术中股骨假体周围骨折发生率（5.0%比10.8%）、术后脱位率（2.5%比8.1%）、偏心距差异发生率（20.0%比37.8%）比较,差异均无统计学意义（χ²=0.276,P=0.600;χ²=0.353,P=0.553;χ²=2.997,P=0.083）。术后,组配式假体组的髋关节Harris功能评分较对照组高[（89.45±9.22）分比（84.69±8.77）分;t=2.077,P=0.041],双下肢不等长发生率低（17.5%比43.2%;χ²=6.081,P=0.014）。结论 在Crowe Ⅰ、Ⅱ型DDH中,组配式假体比普通假体更易获得双下肢等长及更佳的关节功能。     

后外侧结构重建对后外侧入路全髋关节置换术后早期脱位的影响

目的 探讨后外侧结构重建对后外侧入路全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）后早期脱位的影响。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月于我院行后外侧入路初次THA的病人120例,根据术中是否修补关节囊及外旋肌群将病人分为两组：观察组60例,舌形切开关节囊,术中将关节囊及外旋肌群原位缝合在大转子后方及臀中肌肌腱附着处;对照组60例,切除后关节囊,术中未进行外旋肌群修补重建。术后3个月内发生的脱位定义为早期脱位,比较两种方法对术后早期脱位率的影响。记录并比较两组病人的手术时间、术腔引流量、髋关节Harris评分。结果 观察组手术时间为（51.6±9.5） min,对照组为（45.1±7.5） min,对照组手术时间短于观察组,差异有统计学意义（t=2.008,P=0.036）。观察组术腔引流量为（129.6±11.9） ml,对照组为（136.8±12.4） ml,差异无统计学意义（t=1.187,P=0.269）。观察组未发现早期脱位,对照组早期脱位4例（4/60,脱位率为6.667%）,观察组术后Harris评分为（86.1±5.0）分,对照组为（85.9±5.5）分,差异无统计学意义（t=1.416,P=0.092）。结论 在后外侧入路THA过程中行后外侧结构重建的手术方式早期脱位率低,修补关节囊及外旋肌群对维持髋关节软组织平衡有一定意义。     

机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换的短期疗效分析

目的　探讨机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）的短期疗效。方法　回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年3月于我科采用MAKO机器人系统辅助植入臼杯行THA手术治疗的79例（100髋）病人的临床资料,纳入机器人辅助组,并选择同一手术医师施行的80例（100髋）徒手THA病人纳入对照组,均采用标准髋关节后外侧入路。收集比较两组病人的围手术期相关信息,如手术时间、住院时间、髋臼杯位置、术后下肢长度差异（limb length discrepancy, LLD）、围手术期并发症及髋关节Harris评分（hip Harris score, HHS）。结果　病人术后均得到3个月以上随访,两组均未发生髋关节脱位、无菌性松动、假体周围感染或翻修。机器人辅助组的手术时间为（95.92±15.64） min,明显长于对照组的（83.12±18.22） min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=3.309,P=0.001）。两组的术后HHS均较术前显著改善,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的前倾角、外展角、LLD和偏心距差异分别为19.05°±5.03°、41.14°±3.66°、（2.87±3.75） mm、（3.34±1.79） mm,对照组分别为16.91°±5.48°、40.35°±6.57°、（4.23±3.12） mm、（3.98±2.04） mm;两组的前倾角和LLD比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但两组间的外展角和偏心距差异比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的手术假体位于Lewinnek安全区内的比例更高（91% vs. 82%）,但两组间比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.468,P=0.063）。结论　机器人辅助THA能够优化髋臼杯假体植入的精确性,不增加手术的并发症,但其远期效果仍需进一步研究证实。     

改良骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣联合复方丹参滴丸在复杂性断指再植中的效果及对凝血状况的影响

目的 研究改良骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣联合复方丹参滴丸在复杂性断指再植中的效果及对凝血状况的影响。方法 选取我院2015年5月至2016年12月期间收治的80例复杂性断指再植病人为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,其中对照组病人术后常规使用肝素钠进行静脉滴注,观察组病人口服复方丹参滴丸,两组病人均进行10 d的抗凝血治疗。比较两组病人间临床疗效、凝血功能以及不良反应的差异。结果 术后两组病人间临床断指成活率和术后断指血管危象发生率差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.352,P=0.556;χ²=1.051,P=0.305）。抗凝血治疗后两组病人活化部分凝血活酶时间（activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT）、血浆凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time, PT）在术后第3天均有所延长,且观察组病人的APTT、PT［（39.78±2.56） s,（24.54±0.82） s］高于对照组［（36.18±2.17） s,（19.32±1.13） s］,差异有统计学意义（t=6.784,P＜0.001;t=23.556,P＜0.001）。而术后第10天,两组病人的APTT、PT水平明显恢复,对照组病人的APTT、PT［（34.49±2.76） s,（22.29±2.46） s］高于观察组［（30.76±2.91） s,（17.23±2.14） s］（t=7.005,P＜0.001;t=9.815,P＜0.001）。两组病人不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论 改良骨间后动脉岛状皮瓣联合复方丹参滴丸在复杂性断指再植中的效果良好,对病人的APTT、PT影响较小,有效避免病人术后凝血功能异常,复方丹参滴丸可在一定程度上作为肝素钠的替代药物,应用于断指再植术后抗凝血治疗。     

射频治疗对关节镜下半月板部分切除术早期疗效的影响

目的 探讨半月板部分切除术后使用射频汽化修整残留半月板对病人术后膝关节预后的影响。方法 前瞻性地纳入60例病人,随机分为两组,观察组（26例）病人采用膝关节镜下半月板部分切除+射频修整术,对照组病人（34例）采用膝关节镜下单纯半月板部分切除术。对比两组病人术后48 h伤口引流量及疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分;采用膝关节Lysholm评分标准评估膝关节功能,记录并比较两组病人术前及术后6个月随访时的Lysholm评分。结果 观察组和对照组病人的术后引流量分别为（51.15±22.69） ml、（63.24±23.45） ml,VAS评分分别为（1.45±0.50）分、（1.62±0.55）分,两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（t=0.264,P=0.610;t=0.259,P=0.613）;所有入组病人术后的Lysholm评分为（91.58±5.78）分,均优于术前的（73.53±4.52）分,差异有统计学意义（t=8.012,P=0.005）;观察组及对照组术后的Lysholm评分分别为（90.00±5.54）分、（92.79±5.75）分,差异无统计学意义（t=0.219,P=0.641）。结论 关节镜下行半月板部分切除术的出血量与使用射频汽化仪无关,无论是否使用射频汽化修整残留半月板,病人术后膝关节的功能都能得到较好的恢复。     

加速康复外科理念对髋关节置换术病人术后并发症预防效果的观察

目的 分析加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS）理念对髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）病人术后并发症的预防效果。方法 回顾性分析我院2014年1月至2018年12月收治的200例行THA病人的临床资料,将术后采用常规护理的病人纳入对照组（100例）,术后采用ERAS理念护理的病人纳入观察组（100例）。观察两组病人术后并发症发生情况、髋关节功能康复情况和功能独立性。结果 术后6个月,观察组并发症发生率为4.00%,明显低于对照组的14.00%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组Harris髋关节功能评分（Harris hip score, HHS）为（93.86±4.37）分,高于对照组的（77.64±8.74）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组功能独立性评定量表（functional independence measure, FIM）评分为（116.78±3.99）分,高于对照组的（94.09±6.82）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 ERAS理念可有效预防THA病人术后并发症,并且有助于提升病人髋关节功能康复效果及功能独立性。     

出院准备服务在全膝关节置换术病人中的应用

目的 探讨出院准备服务在全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）病人中的临床护理效果及意义。方法 将2018年1月至6月我科收治的58例单侧TKA病人纳入对照组,采用常规护理和健康教育;将2018年7月至12月收治的64例单侧TKA病人纳入观察组,在常规护理和健康教育的基础上提供出院准备服务。术前和术后3个月采用美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS）膝关节功能评分标准和健康调查简表（the MOS item short form health survey, SF-36）评价病人膝关节功能和生活质量,出院时调查病人护理服务满意度。结果 术后3个月,观察组HSS膝关节功能评分为（89.56±7.17）分,优于对照组的（77.59±6.03）分,差异有统计学意义（t=9.030,P=0.007）;观察组SF-36评分为（68.29±8.68）分,优于对照组的（51.29±3.55）分,差异有统计学意义（t=5.060,P=0.014）。出院时,观察组护理服务满意度为96.88%（62/64）,明显高于对照组的86.21%（50/58）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=3.920,P=0.012）。结论 实施出院准备服务全面、有效地保证了TKA病人出院后康复训练的连续性,使病人及时、准确地获得膝关节功能锻炼指导,提升了TKA病人的膝关节功能、生活质量和护理服务满意度。     

连续性护理干预在预防全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成中的应用价值

目的 探讨连续性护理干预在预防全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）后下肢深静脉血栓形成（deep venous thrombosis, DVT）中的应用价值。方法 选取2014年11月至2016年9月在我科行THA的198例病人作为研究对象,随机分为观察组（103例）和对照组（95例）。观察组采用融入快速康复外科（fast-track surgery, FTS）理念的连续性护理干预,对照组采用常规护理。通过汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale, HAMA）评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分、Harris髋关节评分、下肢DVT发生率和病人护理服务满意率观察两组临床疗效。结果 两组术后的HAMA评分和VAS评分均较术前明显改善（P均＜0.05）;两组间HAMA评分和VAS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=4.672,P＜0.001;t=10.110,P＜0.001）。术后6个月,观察组的Harris髋关节功能、疼痛、活动度和畸形评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001,P＜0.001,P＜0.001,P=0.047）。观察组的病人护理服务满意率（95.15%）显著优于对照组（81.05%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=9.280,P=0.002）;下肢DVT发生率（1.94%）显著低于对照组（9.47%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.343,P=0.021）。结论 连续性护理干预较常规护理模式,更能缓解病人焦虑、减轻疼痛、改善关节功能,显著减少下肢DVT的发生率,提高病人护理服务满意率,可作为行THA病人的护理选择。     

直接前侧入路与后外侧入路人工全髋关节置换术的临床效果比较研究

目的 探讨直接前侧入路（direct anterior approach, DAA）与后外侧入路（posterolateral approach, PLA）进行人工全髋关节置换手术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）的临床效果。方法 选取2016年3月至2017年1月在我科进行THA手术的病人60例,根据手术方法不同分为两组：DAA组30例,男16例、女14例,平均年龄为（66.88±12.13）岁,身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）为（23.67±3.10） kg/m²;PLA组30例,男14例、女16例,平均年龄为（65.18±14.72）岁,BMI为（26.47±2.83） kg/m²。两组病人一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。观察并记录手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、手术前后血红蛋白变化,手术前后采用西安大略和麦克马斯特大学（Western Ontario and McMaster Universities, WOMAC）骨关节炎指数、美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiology, ASA）评分、牛津髋关节功能量表（Oxford hip scale, OHS）评分和10 m步行测试进行关节功能评分。结果 DAA组在切口长度方面优于PLA组,而PLA组的手术时间、术中出血量、手术后血红蛋白减少量少于DAA组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;术后第2、4、6周,对两组病人的WOMAC评分（包括疼痛、关节僵硬、躯体功能和总分）、OHS评分和10 m步行测试进行比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;两组病人住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后第6、12周对病人进行WOMAC评分（包括床上坐起、弯腰拾物、穿鞋袜、脱鞋袜）,两组髋关节活动度比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。DAA组发生1例无症状性大粗隆撕脱性骨折,经过保守观察6周后自愈;PLA组出现1例后脱位,经手法复位后不再脱位。术后12周,均未发现异位骨化形成。结论 采用两种入路均可获得良好的短期效果,DAA行THA病人可获得更好的术后ROM;对于年轻有髋关节高屈曲活动度病人,倾向采用DAA入路;针对复杂初次及翻修病例,建议采用后入路手术。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.