羧甲司坦对慢性气道炎症大鼠肺组织中PI3K/AKT和γ-GCS表达的影响

目的观察羧甲司坦对慢性气道炎症大鼠肺组织中磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)和γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合酶(γ-GCS)表达的影响。方法将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和羧甲司坦治疗组。模型组及羧甲司坦治疗组大鼠用气管内注入脂多糖和熏香烟法制成慢性气道炎症大鼠模型,羧甲司坦治疗组大鼠在第17～30天吸烟前30min给予羧甲司坦(500mg/kg)灌胃。计数各组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)细胞,观察肺组织的病理变化;用免疫组织化学检测肺组织γ-GCS及磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)的表达水平;用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测PI3 K mRNA、γ-GCS mRNA的表达。结果与模型组比较,羧甲司坦治疗组大鼠支气管、肺组织中炎症浸润及BALF中中性粒细胞数明显降低(P<0.05),p-AKT蛋白、γ-GCS蛋白、PI3 K mRNA及γ-GCS mRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽(GSH)、活性氧(ROS)含量明显减少,总抗氧化能力明显上升(P<0.05)。结论羧甲司坦可能通过PI3K/AKT通路促进γ-GCS蛋白的表达,减轻被动吸烟大鼠肺部的炎症和氧化应激。     

基于NF-κB信号通路探究狼疮定对红斑狼疮MRL/lpr小鼠炎症反应的调节作用

[目的] 研究狼疮定对系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)MRL/lpr小鼠炎症反应的影响，并分析其对核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB，NF-κB)信号通路的调节作用。[方法] 将12只MRL/lpr小鼠随机分为模型组(6只)、干预组(6只)，另选取C57BL/6小鼠6只为对照组。干预组灌胃给予0.1 mL/10 g狼疮定浓缩液，对照组、模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液，所有动物均干预8周。给药前后分别测定血清炎性因子白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6，IL-6)、α-干扰素(interferon-α，IFN-α)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α)及NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白NF-κB抑制蛋白α(NF-κB inhibitor ɑ，IκBα)、NF-κB抑制蛋白α p50(NF-κB inhibitor ɑ p50，IκBαp50)、NF-κB抑制蛋白α p65(NF-κB inhibitor ɑ p65，IκBαp65)表达水平，采用扩增阻碍突变系统-聚合酶链式反应(amplification refractory mutation system Real time fluorescence-quantitative polymerase chain reaction，ARMS-q PCR)检测NF-κB信号通路相关mRNA表达情况。通过苏木精-伊红染色检测肾组织损伤情况，采用免疫印迹法检测肾组织中炎性因子表达水平。[结果] 与对照组比较，模型组血清炎性因子IL-6、IFN-α、TNF-α、NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白(IκBα、IκBαp50、IκBαp65)水平、NF-κB信号通路相关mRNA(IκBα、IκBαp50、IκBαp65)水平均显著升高(P<0.05)，肾组织中IL-6、IFN-α、TNF-α表达水平升高(P<0.05)。模型组小鼠肾组织损伤明显，主要表现为肾小管扩张，肾小球硬化，结构严重破坏，且肾小球、肾小管周围出现明显的炎症反应。干预后，MRL/lpr小鼠血清各指标水平均出现明显降低(P<0.05)，肾组织炎性损伤较模型组减轻。[结论] 狼疮定可抑制MRL/lpr小鼠炎症反应，从而减轻炎性肾损伤，其作用机制可能与下调NF-κB信号通路有关。     

参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达及炎症反应的影响

目的探讨参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠结肠组织核因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)蛋白表达及炎症反应的影响。方法随机选择20只小鼠作为空白对照组,82只小鼠使用TNBS法(三硝基苯磺酸)及环境和饮食干预法构建脾虚湿困型UC模型,选择2只小鼠判断造模是否成功,剩余80只随机分为模型组、西药组、中药组和联合组各20只,西药组给予美沙拉嗪0. 2 g/(kg·d),中药组给予参苓白术散煎剂12 g/(kg·d),联合组给予相同剂量的美沙拉嗪和参苓白术散煎剂联合治疗,模型组和空白对照组给予等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续21 d。取小鼠结肠组织制作病理切片,使用ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤杀伤因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-23(IL-23)水平,RT-PCR法检测NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量,免疫组化法检测NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果西药组、中药组和联合组小鼠结肠黏膜形态均好于模型组。模型组结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量、NF-κB p65蛋白表达、血清IL-17、TNF-α、IL-23均明显高于空白对照组(P 0. 05);西药组、中药组和联合组中结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量、NF-κB p65蛋白表达、血清IL-17、TNF-α、IL-23均低于模型组(P 0. 05),联合组结肠组织NF-κB p65 mRNA相对表达量、NF-κB p65蛋白表达、血清IL-17、TNF-α、IL-23低于西药组和中药组(P 0. 05),西药组和中药组各项指标比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论参苓白术散联合美沙拉嗪通过调节NF-κB p65蛋白表达和炎症因子水平,从而促进结肠黏膜修复,改善脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎小鼠症状。     

百令片与羧甲司坦片联合治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及全身炎症、氧化应激反应的影响

目的探讨百令片与羧甲司坦片联合治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能及全身炎症、氧化应激反应的影响。方法将102例COPDⅡ～Ⅲ级患者随机分为百令组、羧甲司坦组、联合组,各34例,分别在常规治疗的基础上,接受百令片、羧甲司坦片、百令片与羧甲司坦片联合治疗。对比3组患者治疗前、治疗3个月后的肺功能指标、血清炎症因子水平、氧化应激指标。结果治疗前,3组患者肺功能指标、血清炎症因子水平、氧化应激指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,联合组用力肺活量、1 s用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比、1 s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比、血清总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平均高于百令组和羧甲司坦组,血清白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-18、IL-32、高迁移率族蛋白1、活性氧、晚期蛋白氧化产物水平低于百令组和羧甲司坦组(P<0.05)。结论与单药治疗相比,百令片与羧甲司坦片联合治疗COPD,在改善患者肺功能、减轻全身炎症及氧化应激反应方面效果更为显著。     

瑞舒伐他汀抑制NF-κB活化下调LPS诱导小胶质细胞TNF-α表达的实验研究

目的 探讨瑞舒伐他汀能否通过抑制NF-κB活化下调LPS诱导的小胶质细胞TNF-α的表达.方法 将BV2细胞分为3组即对照组（Control组）、LPS组和瑞舒伐他汀＋LPS（Ros＋ LPS组）.在干预24小时后使用RT-PCR法和western blot法对BV2细胞TNF-α mRNA和蛋白的表达水平进行检测;并使用western blot法对细胞NF-κB p65磷酸化水平（Phospho-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值）进行分析.结果 与Control组相比较,在LPS干预24小时后BV2细胞TNF-α mRNA和蛋白的表达水平以及phospho-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;但LPS组较Ros＋ LPS组TNF-α mRNA和蛋白的表达的升高以及Phospho-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值的增加更加显著,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）.结论 瑞舒伐他汀可能通过抑制NF-κB的活化下调了小胶质BV2细胞TNF-α的合成和释放.     

刺糖多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞核转录因子、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶及氨基末端激酶信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨刺糖多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中核转录因子(NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)及cJun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达水平的影响。方法将处于对数生长期的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264. 7按1×108L-1接种至24孔细胞培养板中,24 h后更换细胞培养液。将细胞分为0. 0、12. 5、50. 0、100. 0 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组,每组细胞加入相应浓度的刺糖多糖干预24 h。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测各组细胞中p38、NF-κB p65、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、JNK1/2/3 mRNA的表达,采用Western blot法检测各组细胞中磷酸化p38 (p-p38)、p38、磷酸化NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65)、NF-κB p65、磷酸化ERK1/ERK2 (p-ERK1/ERK2)、ERK1/ERK2、磷酸化JNK1/2/3(p-JNK1/2/3)及JNK1/2/3蛋白的表达。结果刺糖多糖干预巨噬细胞24 h后,与0. 0 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组比较,50. 0、100. 0 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组细胞中ERK1、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量显著升高(P <0. 05); 12. 5、50. 0、100. 0 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组细胞中p38 mRNA表达量显著升高(P <0. 05)。与12. 5 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组比较,50. 0、100. 0 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组细胞中ERK1、p38、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量显著升高(P <0. 05)。与0. 0、12. 5 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组比较,50. 0、100. 0 mg·L-1刺糖多糖组细胞中p-p38、p-NF-κB p65、p-ERK1/ERK2、ERK1/ERK2蛋白表达量显著升高(P <0. 05)。结论刺糖多糖能上调p38、NF-κB p65、ERK1/2蛋白的磷酸化水平,从而激活MAPK信号通路和NF-κB信号通路;刺糖多糖的免疫机制可能与NF-κB p65、p38、ERK1mRNA表达上调有关。     

磷酸化 ERK1/2 对 MPTP 帕金森病模型小鼠黑质NF-κB p65表达的影响

目的研究磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)所致帕金森病(PD)小鼠模型黑质NF-κB p65的表达调控作用。方法应用MPTP建立PD小鼠模型,观察小鼠行为学变化;采用免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印迹法观察小鼠黑质抗酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、NF-κB p65及p-ERK1/2的表达变化;并观察给予ERK特异性抑制剂U0126后对上述变化的影响。结果模型组小鼠于MPTP第3次注射后1h,黑质区p-ERK1/2阳性细胞数多于NF-κB p65阳性细胞,第5次注射后24h,NF-κB阳性细胞增多,p-ERK1/2阳性细胞减少,同时伴有TH阳性神经元丢失;给予ERK特异性抑制剂U0126后,上述变化明显减轻。结论在MPTP所致PD小鼠模型中ERK1/2信号通路可能通过调控NF-κB p65活化从而导致多巴胺能神经元变性丢失。     

保护素DX 对脓毒症小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨保护素DX（PDX）对小鼠脓毒症所致急性肺损伤的保护作用。方法 45 只健康雄性昆明 小鼠利用随机数字表随机分为假手术组、脓毒症组和PDX 干预组，每组15 只，复制小鼠脓毒症模型，术毕 60 min 后，PDX 干预组小鼠腹腔注射1 μg 的PDX，假手术组和脓毒症组则给予等量的生理盐水，建模24 h 后， 处死各组小鼠，观察各组小鼠肺组织病理学变化，检测各组小鼠肺组织中白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介 素6（IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平，Western blot 检 测肺组织胞核中核因子κB（NF-κB）和胞浆中核因子κB 抑制蛋白α 抗原（IκB-α）蛋白表达。结果 与 假手术组比较，脓毒症组和PDX 干预组小鼠肺组织损伤组织学评分均升高，与脓毒症组比较，PDX 干预组 小鼠肺组织损伤组织学评分则降低，差异有统计学意义（F =253.323，P =0.000）；与假手术组比较，脓毒症组和 PDX 干预组小鼠肺组织中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、SOD 及MDA 水平均升高，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）， 与脓毒症组比较，PDX 干预组小鼠肺组织中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、SOD 及MDA 水平均降低，差异有统计 学意义（P <0.05）；与假手术组比较，脓毒症组和PDX 干预组小鼠肺组织胞核中NF-κB 蛋白相对表达量均 升高，而胞浆中IκB-α 蛋白相对表达量均降低，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；与脓毒症组比较，PDX 干 预组小鼠肺组织胞核中NF-κB 蛋白相对表达量均降低，而胞浆中IκB-α 蛋白相对表达量均升高，差异有 统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 PDX 可减轻脓毒症所致小鼠肺组织损伤，其机制与减轻氧化应激反应及通过 调控NF-κB/IκB-α 通路而抑制炎症因子释放有关。     

微RNA-144抑制剂通过Toll样受体4/核因子κB信号通路减轻大鼠反流性食管炎食管黏膜损伤

目的 探讨微RNA（miRNA）-144抑制剂能否减轻大鼠反流性食管炎（RE）食管黏膜的损伤及可能机制。方法 取18只SD雄性大鼠，随机分为假手术组、RE组、miRNA-144抑制剂组，每组6只。RE组、miRNA-144抑制剂组采用前胃结扎联合幽门限制法建立慢性RE大鼠模型，造模后miRNA-144抑制剂组大鼠通过尾静脉注射miRNA-144 antagomir拮抗体内miRNA-144的表达。应用qPCR法检测miRNA-144抑制剂的有效性及各组大鼠食管组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）、核因子κB（NF-κB）、核因子κB抑制蛋白α（IκBα） mRNA的表达变化。采用Elisa法检测大鼠食管组织中白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的含量，蛋白质印迹法检测CLDN3蛋白的表达，免疫组织化学染色检测cleaved caspase 3、Ki-67蛋白的表达，TUNEL法检测食管组织的细胞凋亡情况。结果 与假手术组相比，RE组大鼠食管组织中TLR4、NF-κB、IκBα mRNA表达水平明显升高（P均＜0.05），炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α 的含量（P均＜0.05）及凋亡相关蛋白cleaved caspase 3表达显著增加（P＜0.01），促进了食管黏膜细胞凋亡（P＜0.01），并减少食管黏膜屏障指标CLDN3蛋白的表达（P＜0.01）。与RE组相比，抑制miRNA-144表达可降低大鼠食管组织中TLR4、NF-κB、IκBα mRNA的表达（P均＜0.05），减少炎症相关因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α 的含量（P均＜0.05），进而抑制RE大鼠食管中黏膜细胞凋亡（P＜0.05），并增加CLDN3蛋白的表达（P＜0.01）。但抑制miRNA-144不影响食管黏膜细胞的增殖，miRNA-144抑制剂组Ki-67阳性细胞数与RE组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 miRNA-144抑制剂可减轻RE大鼠食管黏膜的损伤，这种作用可能主要通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路来实现。     

不同吸烟量对大鼠肺组织核因子κB和E-选择素表达的影响

目的 研究不同吸烟量对大鼠肺组织中核因子κB(NF-κB)和E-选择素表达水平的影响,探讨吸烟与COPD肺组织炎症的关系.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为对照组、小量吸烟组和大量吸烟组,每组8只.吸烟时间为20周.采用免疫组化和原位杂交半定量检测各组支气管上皮细胞NF-κB和E-选择素的表达.结果 小量吸烟组、大量吸烟组NF-κB与E-选择素mRNA及蛋白表达均较对照组显著增高,小量吸烟组较大量吸烟组表达降低.E-选择素mRNA和蛋白的表达水平与NF-κB mRNA和蛋白的表达水平呈正相关.结论 吸烟可引起大鼠气道上皮细胞NF-κB和血管内皮细胞E-选择素mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平升高,且随着吸烟量的增加其表达水平增高.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.