甲状舌管癌的临床诊治并文献复习（附2例报告）

目的通过对甲状舌管癌患者的诊断和治疗,并复习相关文献,总结该病的临床特征和准确制定合理的治疗方案。方法报道2例甲状舌管癌患者的诊治过程,影像学特点及治疗方法。结果2例患者术前均被误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,常规行Sistrunk手术,术后病检1例为甲状舌管乳头状癌,另1例为甲状腺乳头状癌,结合术中所见最后诊断为甲状腺舌管乳头状癌,2例术后复查甲状腺功能均正常,复查甲状腺超声未见明显恶性肿瘤特征,均未行甲状腺手术治疗,1例未做任何其他补充治疗,随访8年无局部复发和转移,另1例行甲状腺素抑制治疗随访1年无复发。结论甲状腺舌管癌临床罕见,术前易误诊为甲状舌管囊肿,术前超声及增强CT有助于诊断,需病理确诊,手术方案的制定需综合考虑,病理分型决定其预后。     

内镜下低温等离子治疗舌甲状舌管囊肿

目的：探讨内镜下低温等离子治疗舌甲状舌管囊肿的手术方法、疗效和适应证。方法：对11例舌甲状舌管囊肿患者行内镜下低温等离子舌甲状舌管囊肿切除术,观察疗效及并发症情况。结果：1l例患者术后症状改善,无严重并发症发生,随访1-3年,无复发。结论：内镜下低温等离子治疗舌甲状舌管囊肿手术时间短,术中出血少,术后反应轻、恢复快,疗效满意。     

颈中线整块切除治疗复发性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管

目的：探讨颈中线整块切除术在治疗复发性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管中的作用。方法：对1991年6月-2001年12月收治并行颈中线整块切除的18例病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有病人手术经过顺利，术后全部病例伤口一期愈合，瘢痕小，美容效果满意。没有舌下神经损伤、血肿、皮下气肿以及呼吸困难等并发症。所有病人均恢复正常饮食且无吞咽困难，发音正常并能很好地控制音调。术后随访病人1—10年，均无复发。结论：颈中线整块切除是治疗复发性甲状舌管囊肿及瘘管合理、有效的手术方法。     

甲状舌管囊肿(瘘管)术后复发原因分析

甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管是常见疾病，如果处理不当容易导致术后复发.选择我院1991～2002年86例甲状舌管囊肿和31例甲状舌管瘘管术后复发的共23例病人进行总结，现将其临床资料分析报道如下。     

甲状舌管囊肿术后复发的原因和处理

目的探讨甲状舌管囊肿术后复发的原因和预防、处理措施。方法回顾性分析10例甲状舌管囊肿术后复发患者的资料。10例复发甲状舌管囊肿行Sistrunk术式再次手术切除。结果误诊和不当的手术方法是复发的主要原因。10例患者再次手术后,随访1年以上,疗效满意,未见有复发病例。结论正确的术前诊断,规范的Sistrunk术式和良好的手术技巧才能保障彻底地切除甲状舌管囊肿。     

成人复发性甲状舌管囊肿临床分析

甲状舌管囊肿及瘘是颈部常见的先天性疾病,是由于甲状舌管未闭合或退化不全所致。如果感染自行溃破或切开引流后经久不愈,则会形成继发囊肿表面的皮下瘘管,偶有恶变倾向。手术切除是其有效的治疗方法,手术切除不彻底易致复发。     

成人甲状舌管囊肿误诊为会厌囊肿1例

甲状舌管囊肿为先天性甲状舌管闭合不全引起的疾病,多在青少年期发病。甲状舌管囊肿可发生在舌盲孔至胸骨上切迹之间颈中线的任何部位。检查时多见颈部皮下呈半圆形隆起,边缘清楚,随吞咽上下活动。甲状舌管囊肿若向会厌前间隙方向增大,而不伴有颈前部肿块患者常被误诊为会厌囊肿、舌根淋巴组织增生。齐岩等报道1例患者因被诊断为会厌囊肿而反复行支撑喉镜下囊肿切除手术,均于术后不久复发。笔者接诊1例成人甲状舌管囊肿患者,临床误诊为会厌囊肿,报道如下。     

小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术

目的　探讨小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除保留舌骨的可行性及美容效果。方法　对8例甲状舌管囊肿患者,采用小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术。 结果　在保留舌骨的情况下,全部患者的甲状舌管囊肿被完整切除。术后切口一期愈合,无手术并发症;随访3个月～2年均无1例复发,美容效果满意。结论　在充分了解甲状舌管囊肿的解剖学特点,详细的术前检查,正确的术前诊断,选择合适的手术病例和良好的手术技巧下,小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术中保留舌骨彻底切除甲状舌管囊肿是可行的, 可获得较理想的美容及功能保全效果。     

小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术CSCD

目的探讨小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除保留舌骨的可行性及美容效果。方法对8例甲状舌管囊肿患者,采用小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术。结果在保留舌骨的情况下,全部患者的甲状舌管囊肿被完整切除。术后切口一期愈合,无手术并发症;随访3个月~2年均无1例复发,美容效果满意。结论在充分了解甲状舌管囊肿的解剖学特点,详细的术前检查,正确的术前诊断,选择合适的手术病例和良好的手术技巧下,小切口内镜辅助下甲状舌管囊肿切除术中保留舌骨彻底切除甲状舌管囊肿是可行的,可获得较理想的美容及功能保全效果。     

甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发的手术治疗

目的 探讨甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发再次手术的策略.方法 对2000-2006年收治的16例甲状舌管囊肿和瘘管术后复发患者进行回顾性分析.男10例,女6例.复发时间为术后6个月至4年,复发时年龄为12～35岁.对术中发现前次手术未切除舌骨中段者(10例),行常规Sistrunk术式手术切除;对前次手术切除舌骨中段者(6例),行扩大切除反复感染致与周围粘连组织,即扩大Sistrunk术式.结果 16例复发患者再次手术后,疗效满意.术后并发咽瘘和颈前血肿各1例,治疗后痊愈.随诊1～6年未见囊肿或瘘管复发.结论 合理应用常规Sistrunk术式与扩大Sistrunk术式是治疗甲状舌管囊肿复发病例的理想方法.     

Endoscope-assisted concurrent resection of thyroglossal duct cysts and benign thyroid nodules via a small submental incisions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the technique of endoscope-assisted concurrent resection of thyroglossal duct cysts and benign thyroid nodules via a small submental incision. Endoscope-assisted thyroglossal duct cyst excision and subtotal thyroidectomy were performed via a small submental incision in six patients with thyroglossal duct cysts and benign nodular thyroid lesions. The thyroglossal duct cysts and thyroid lesions were completely excised. The incisions were 3–4 cm in length, and the mean operation time was 84 ± 11 min. The mean volume of blood loss was 19 ± 5 mL. Postoperative pathological examination findings confirmed the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst in all patients. The thyroid lesions were nodular goiter in three patients and thyroid adenoma in three patients. No postoperative complications such as hematoma, pharyngeal fistula, hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, or dysphagia were observed. No changes in the planned surgical procedure were required, and no recurrent lesions were detected during follow-up. In conclusion, patients with thyroglossal duct cysts and benign thyroid lesions can be treated by endoscopic excision via a small submental incision, thereby avoiding large neck incisions and resulting in better postoperative cosmetic outcomes.     

Imaging case study of the month. Thyroglossal duct cyst with intralaryngeal extension

OBJECTIVES: Thyroglossal duct cysts with intralaryngeal extension are rare. We present only the 10th reported case in the literature. METHODS: The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the patient are reviewed and summarized. The uniqueness of the case, as well as the diagnostic and treatment pitfalls of this subgroup of patients, is presented. RESULTS: Our patient, at 76 years of age, is the only woman and the oldest person reported to have had a thyroglossal duct cyst with intralaryngeal extension. CONCLUSIONS: Intralaryngeal extension should be considered when there is hoarseness, dysphagia, or dyspnea associated with a thyroglossal duct cyst. Office laryngoscopy and computed tomography make the diagnosis. Care must be taken with airway management and intraoperative dissection for good outcomes.     

Atypical thyroglossal duct cyst

Thyroglossal duct cysts most frequently present in childhood as a painless midline swelling of the neck. Uncommonly, these embryonal remnant cysts present clinically in adult life. The majority of adults with thyroglossal duct cysts present with a swelling at the level of the thyrohyoid membrane. On rare occasions, a thyroglossal duct cyst can present with more sinister symptoms, such as hoarseness, dysphagia and dyspnoea. On these occasions, the pre-operative clinical and investigative diagnosis remains in doubt until histology is available.     

Rare case of upper respiratory tract obstruction secondary to massive hematoma of pharynx, larynx and trachea

The rare case of 75-years-old female patient was presented in this paper. She reported hoarseness in addition to pharyngeal pain, dysphagia and medium level dyspnea. Her exploration revealed a wide hematoma of the left lateral wall of orohypopharynx spreading to the left aryepiglottic fold, left aryepiglottic cartilage, false and true vocal fold and later to left lateral and posterior tracheal wall. The patient did not require a control of airway by intubation or tracheotomy according to quick relief after pharmacological treatment.     

支撑喉镜下超声刀切除会厌囊肿的临床体会

目的探讨支撑喉镜下超声刀切除会厌囊肿的麻醉方法、手术效果,总结经验及体会。方法回顾性分析2013年1月～2015年1月诊治的42例会厌囊肿患者的临床资料,所有患者均全身麻醉下采用超声刀切除会厌囊肿,术后随访1年,行电子喉镜检查进行疗效评价。结果41例患者均达到治愈,1例出现会厌萎缩。结论超声刀切除会厌囊肿出血少,视野清晰,手术时间短,但术中操作应仔细,避免大面积热损伤而出现术后患者疼痛、会厌萎缩的可能。     

内镜经口入路腮腺深叶多形性腺瘤切除术

目的探讨内镜经口入路切除腮腺深叶多形性腺瘤的可行性及疗效。方法采用单纯内镜经口入路切除腮腺深叶多形性腺瘤6例,男4例,女2例,年龄18~56岁,平均年龄36岁。其中2例为无意中体检发现咽侧壁膨隆,1例为头痛,3例为咽喉异物感半年。结果6例均完整切除,且无面瘫、声嘶、吞咽困难、伸舌偏斜等颅神经受损症状,仅有1例术后出现腮区肿痛,加压抗感染后改善。术后随访12~40个月,平均24个月,其中1例术后2年复发,病理为腮腺混合瘤恶变。结论内镜经口入路可以彻底切除腮腺深叶多形性腺瘤,是安全、微创的能保留面神经功能的手术入路,但对腮腺恶性肿瘤仍建议开放式入路。     

Thoracic duct cyst: a case report and review of 29 cases.

Cysts of the thoracic duct are rare. We report a case of a cervical thoracic duct cyst and review 29 thoracic duct cysts reported previously (19 mediastinal, 9 cervical, and 1 abdominal). The mean age of the patients was 47.6 years (range 17 to 86 years). Fourteen (46.7%) of the patients were asymptomatic. When symptoms were present, they ranged from retrosternal pain, dysphagia, and dyspnea to respiratory insufficiency and superior vena cava compression. Diagnosis of the cyst can be made after computed tomography or ultrasonography. The cystic fluid contains T lymphocytes and triglycerides in excess. The symptoms in a patient with a thoracic duct cyst are related to compression of adjacent structures. The most profound symptoms are likely to be produced by mediastinal cysts above the aortic arch. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the cyst and ligation of all lymphatics connected to the cyst.     

Papillary carcinoma from the thyroglossal duct cyst: review of the literature and report of a case

Cancer of a thyroglossal duct cyst is very rare. Clinical presentation is identical that of a benign cyst, and the diagnosis is histopathological. We report the case of 36 year-old woman treated for papillary carcinoma of a thyroglossal duct cyst. The treatment was surgical excision according Sistrunk method. There was no distant spread. After 22 months follow up, the patient is alive, with no signs of recurrence.     

Thyroglossal cyst: retrospective study of 58 cases. Results of the Sistrunk operation

Cysts of the thyroglossal duct are one of the most common causes of benign neck masses. They generally occur in young patients and are caused by a defect in thyroglossal duct closure, which sometimes is in close contact with the hyoid. Often several tracts are present. The most effective surgical procedure was originally described by Sistrunk in 1920 and modified in 1928. This technique is based on the removal of the central portion of the hyoid bone. This procedure has successfully reduced the number of recurrences compared to local excision of the cyst. A retrospective review was made of 58 cases to evaluate surgical results, especially recurrence rate, in relation to the resection or preservation of the hyoid bone. Results were compared with published series.