小剂量多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清乳酸、一氧化氮水平的影响

目的 :观察小剂量多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清乳酸和一氧化氮的影响。方法 :大鼠预置心导管 ,3 0 %Ⅲ度烫伤后静脉复苏 ,观察小剂量多巴胺 (3 μg/kg min)持续给药后大鼠的血清乳酸、一氧化氮水平的变化。 结果 :与对照组相比 ,小剂量多巴胺治疗能显著降低严重烫伤大鼠血清中的乳酸、一氧化氮水平 ,以伤后 3～ 12h明显。结论 :小剂量多巴胺可降低严重烫伤大鼠休克期血清乳酸、一氧化氮水平     

小剂量多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清内毒素及TNF-α水平的影响

目的 观察小剂量多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清内毒素和TNF-α水平的影响。方法 大鼠预置心导管,30％Ⅲ度烫伤后静脉复苏,观察小剂量多巴胺(3μg/min)持续给药后大鼠的一般情况及血清内毒素、TNF-α水平的变化。结果 与对照组相比,小剂量多巴胺治疗组大鼠一般情况好于对照组;小剂量多巴胺能显著降低严重烫伤大鼠血清中的内毒素、TNF-α水平,以伤后3-12小时明显。结论 小剂量多巴胺可降低严重烫伤大鼠休克期血清内毒素、TNF-α水平。     

小剂量多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清内毒素及TNF—α水平的影响

目的 观察小剂量多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清内毒素和TNF-α水平的影响。方法 大鼠预置心导管，30％Ⅲ度曼伤后静脉复苏。观察小剂量多巴胺(3μg／kg／min)持续给药后大鼠的一般情况及血清内毒素、TNF-α水平的变化。结果 与对照组相比，小剂量多巴胺治疗组大鼠一般情况好于对照组；小剂量多巴胺能显降低严重曼伤大鼠血清中的内毒素、TNF-α水平，以伤后3～12小时明显。结论 小剂量多巴胺可降低严重曼伤大鼠休克期血清内毒素、TNF-α水平。     

多巴胺对严重烫伤大鼠血清乳酸、一氧化氮水平的影响

大鼠预置心导管 ,3 0 %Ⅲ度烫伤后静脉复苏 ,观察多巴胺 [3 μg/(kg·min) ]持续给药后大鼠的血清乳酸、一氧化氮 (NO)水平的变化。结果显示 ,与对照组相比 ,多巴胺治疗能显著降低严重烫伤大鼠血清中的乳酸、NO水平 ,以伤后 3～ 12h明显。研究表明 ,多巴胺可降低严重烫伤大鼠休克期血清乳酸、NO水平。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1对烫伤大鼠脾脏调节性T细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 观察严蕈烫伤延迟复苏大鼠体内高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)的变化及其对调节性T细胞(Treg)免疫功能的影响. 方法采用30%体表面积Ⅲ度烫伤延迟复苏模型,将136只大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(8只)、假烫伤组(32只)、烫伤组(32只)、丙酮酸乙酯(EP)干预组(32只)及晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)抗体干预组(32只).后4组实验动物再分为4个亚组,分别于烫伤后1,3,5,7 d无菌取血和脾脏,免疫磁珠法分离大鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Treg.采用ELISA检测血清HMGB1水平,应用流式细胞术检测Treg表面晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)、细胞毒性T淋巴相关抗原4(CTLA-4)及叉头翼状螺旋转录因子P3(Foxp3)表达. 结果 (1)烫伤延迟复苏导致大鼠血清HMGB1水平在伤后1～7 d显著升高,于第3天达峰值(P<0.01).EP干预后烫伤大鼠血清HMGB1水平1～7 d均明显降低.RAGE抗体干预对烫伤大鼠血清HMGB1水平无明显影响(P>0.05).(2)与假烫伤组比较,严重烫伤后1～7 d脾脏Treg表面RAGE、CTLA-4及Foxp3表达均不同程度增强.EP干预组及RAGE抗体干预组上述三项指标较烫伤组明显降低(P<0.05或0.01). 结论严重烫伤后HMGB1可通过RAGE受体对Treg免疫抑制活性产生影响,进而参与烫伤后脓毒症的发病过程.     

丹参对大鼠烫伤早期肝脏酶谱的影响

目的：观察大鼠严重烫伤早期血清肝脏酶谱[丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）]的动态变化及丹参的影响作用。方法：建立30%Ⅲ度烫伤模型,88只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组,8只）、平衡液复苏组（B组,40只）和丹参治疗组（C组,40只）。B、C两组烫伤后立即按Parkland公式腹腔注射平衡液120ml/kg体重,C组在同样治疗的基础上腹腔注射丹参注射液3ml/kg,B、C两组分别于伤后3,6,12,24,48h检测血清ALT、AST、LDH的含量。结果：与对照组相比较,复苏组血清ALT、AST、LDH的含量在伤后3h明显高于对照组,12h达高峰,伤后48h仍保持在较高水平;丹参治疗组在各相应时相点与对应的复苏组比较,两者的变化趋势基本一致,但血清ALT、AST、LDH水平均低于复苏组,伤后3h起显著低于复苏组。结论：大鼠严重烫伤早期存在肝功能损伤。丹参对烧伤早期肝损伤有保护作用。     

湿润烧伤膏对烫伤大鼠炎症反应与创面愈合的影响

目的:观察湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)对烫伤大鼠炎症反应与创面愈合的影响.方法:将100只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、一般对照治疗组和湿润烧伤膏治疗组,正常对照组20只,其他两组各40只.正常对照组不做任何处理,一般对照治疗组和湿润烧伤膏治疗组造成背部10%深Ⅱ度烫伤后分别给予一般烧伤清创包扎疗法和湿润烧伤膏创面湿性疗法.根据创面情况,一般对照治疗组每2天～4天换药一次,湿润烧伤膏治疗组每4小时～6小时换药一次,并于伤后2小时、12小时、24小时、48小时用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α及白细胞介素IL-6的含量.对两组大鼠创面行肉眼及组织病理学观察,记录创面愈合时间及愈合质量情况.结果:与正常对照组比较,烧伤后2小时两组大鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6的含量明显升高,至24小时达到高峰,而且一般治疗组明显高于湿润烧伤膏治疗组(P<0.05);肉眼及组织病理学观察两组创面炎症反应明显,但一般治疗组更为严重;一般治疗组愈合时间较湿润烧伤膏治疗组延长(P<0.05).结论:大鼠烫伤后局部应用湿润烧伤膏治疗能减轻局部及全身性炎症反应,加快创面愈合速度,提高愈合质量.     

烧伤血清和痂下水肿液对中性粒细胞凋亡的影响

为了解严重烧伤后中性粒细胞（PMN）凋亡情况及烧伤血清和痂下水肿液（STF）对中性粒细胞凋亡的影响。将24只健康大鼠随机分为烫伤组（30%Ⅲ度烫伤）和对照组,分离伤后0、12、24hPMN,继续培养16h,碘化丙啶（propdiium oddide,PI)染色,流式细胞仪检测凋亡百分率,并用烧伤血清和痂下水肿液分别刺激对照组大鼠PMN,检测凋亡百分率,结果发现：烫伤组大鼠PMN凋亡百分率较对照组大鼠降低,烧伤血清和痂下水肿液均抑制PMN凋亡并呈剂量依赖关系。说明严重烧伤后PMN凋亡延迟,烧伤血清和痂下水肿液在其中可能起重要作用。     

参麦、血必净影响家兔严重烫伤早期血管内皮细胞的研究

目的:建立严重烫伤家兔模型,观察家兔严重烫伤早期血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial cell, VEC)功能变化及参麦、血必净注射液对功能的影响,并探讨它们对血管内皮细胞功能作用的相关机制,同时对两药疗效进行比较.方法:将家兔分成假伤组(8只)、烫伤组(8只)、参麦组(8只)和血必净组(8组);后3组制成30%体表总面积(TBSA)Ⅲ度烫伤(用92℃水浴烫伤)模型,假伤组采用37℃水浴模拟致伤过程;伤后各组按Parkland公式计算液体量予以复苏,同时参麦组每次给予参麦注射液2ml/kg加入等渗盐水至20ml静脉滴注,每日3次,连续2天;血必净组每次给予血必净注射液2ml/kg加入等渗盐水至20ml静脉滴注,每日3次,连续2天;另2组同法输注等容量等渗盐水.在伤后即刻、6小时、12小时、24小时、48小时时相点抽取家兔颈静脉血检测内皮素-1、一氧化氮并计算两者比值水平,同时观察相应时相点家兔的一般情况.结果:在伤后48小时, 假伤组、参麦组、血必净组ET-1/NO明显小于烫伤组;参麦组、血必净组血清ET-1和NO水平均明显低于烫伤组(P＜0.01);参麦组、血必净组之间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);参麦组、血必净组家兔活跃程度明显优于烫伤组.结论:参麦注射液和血必净注射液可能是通过降低严重烫伤早期家兔血清ET-1和NO水平,调整ET-1/NO比值,对血管内皮细胞起保护作用.     

水化联合小剂量多巴胺预防对比剂肾病的初步研究

目的 探讨介入检查和治疗过程中水化联合小剂量多巴胺对对比剂肾病的预防作用.资料与方法 选择140例于2008年3月至2008年9月接受冠状动脉造影检查或治疗的患者,将其随机分为水化联合小剂量多巴胺研究组和水化治疗对照组.在水化治疗的基础上,研究组同时给予小剂量多巴胺(2μg·kg-1·min-1).检测所有患者术前、术后第2天、第3天血清肌酐(Crea)水平.结果 研究组有3例(4.29%)发生对比剂肾病,对照组有11例(15.7%).两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 与单纯水化治疗相比,水化联合小剂量多巴胺可更显著地减少对比剂对肾功能的损害,对对比剂肾病的发生有一定的预防保护作用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）